Continuous analyte monitoring system with microneedle array
Described herein are variations of an analyte monitoring system, including an analyte monitoring device. For example, an analyte monitoring device may include an implantable microneedle array for use in measuring one or more analytes (e.g., glucose), such as in a continuous manner. The microneedle array may include, for example, at least one microneedle including a tapered distal portion having an insulated distal apex, and an electrode on a surface of the tapered distal portion located proximal to the insulated distal apex. At least some of the microneedles may be electrically isolated such that one or more electrodes is individually addressable.
1. A microneedle array for use in sensing an analyte, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate;
a plurality of solid microneedles extending from the substrate, wherein at least one microneedle of the plurality of microneedles is configured to sense an analyte in dermal interstitial fluid of a user and comprises:
a columnar body portion;
a tapered distal portion having an insulated distal apex; and
an annular working electrode on a surface of the tapered distal portion, wherein the working electrode comprises a proximal edge and a distal edge and is on only a segment of the surface of the tapered distal portion of the microneedle, and wherein the distal edge of the working electrode is proximate a proximal edge of the insulated distal apex.
2. The microneedle array of claim 1 , wherein the microneedle comprises a biorecognition layer arranged over the working electrode, wherein the biorecognition layer comprises a biorecognition element.
3. The microneedle array of claim 2 , wherein the biorecognition element comprises glucose oxidase.
4. The microneedle array of claim 2 , wherein the microneedle array comprises at least one microneedle comprising a counter electrode configured to source or sink current to sustain an electrochemical reaction on the working electrode.
5. The microneedle array of claim 2 , wherein the microneedle array comprises at least one microneedle comprising a reference electrode configured to provide a reference potential for the working electrode.
6. The microneedle array of claim 1 , wherein the distal edge of the electrode is offset from the distal apex by an offset distance of at least about 10 μm, wherein the offset distance is measured along a longitudinal axis of the at least one microneedle.
7. The microneedle array of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the working electrode overlays an annular contact trench defined by an annular recess formed in the surface of the tapered distal portion.
8. The microneedle array of claim 1 , further comprising an electrical contact on a backside of the substrate, wherein the columnar body portion of the at least one microneedle of the plurality of microneedles provides a conductive pathway between the electrical contact and the working electrode.
9. The microneedle array of claim 8 , wherein the columnar body portion is formed from a conductive material.
10. The microneedle array of claim 8 , wherein the columnar body portion comprises an embedded conductive pathway.
11. The microneedle array of claim 8 , wherein the columnar body portion is insulated.
12. The microneedle array of claim 1 , wherein each of the microneedles in the plurality of microneedles comprises:
a tapered distal portion having an insulated distal apex;
a columnar body portion; and
an annular electrode on a surface of the tapered distal portion,
wherein the annular electrode comprises a proximal edge and a distal edge and is on only a segment of the surface of the tapered distal portion of the microneedle, and wherein the distal edge of the electrode is proximate a proximal edge of the insulated distal apex, and
wherein the annular electrode is a working electrode, a counter electrode or a reference electrode.
13. The microneedle array of claim 1 , wherein the microneedle array comprises a plurality of working electrodes, wherein each working electrode is individually addressable and electrically isolated from every other working electrode in the microneedle array.
14. The microneedle array of claim 13 , wherein the microneedle array is configured to detect multiple analytes.
15. The microneedle array of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of microneedles are arranged in a square or hexagonal array.
16. An analyte monitoring system comprising:
an analyte monitoring device comprising:
the microneedle array of claim 1 ; and
a wearable housing,
wherein the microneedle array extends outwardly from the housing.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the at least one microneedle of the plurality of microneedles extends from the housing such that the distal end of the working electrode is located less than about 1 mm from the housing.
18. The system of claim 16 , wherein the housing encloses an electronics system comprising a wireless communication module and the system further comprises a software application executable on a mobile computing device to be paired with the wireless communication module.
19. The system of claim 16 , wherein the housing comprises a user interface comprising one or more indicator lights configured to communicate status information.
20. The system of claim 19 , wherein at least one of the indicator lights is configured to be selectively illuminated in accordance with an illumination mode corresponding to an analyte measurement status, a status of the analyte monitoring device, or both.
21. The system of claim 20 , wherein at least one of the indicator lights is configured to be selectively illuminated to communicate a current analyte measurement level.
22. The system of claim 20 , wherein the user interface comprises a plurality of indicator lights configured to be selectively illuminated in a progressive sequence to communicate an analyte measurement trend.
23. The system of claim 22 , wherein the plurality of indicator lights is configured to be selectively illuminated in a first progressive sequence in a first direction to communicate a rising analyte measurement trend, and is further configured to be selectively illuminated in a second progressive sequence in a second direction to communicate a falling analyte measurement trend.
24. The system of claim 19 , wherein the user interface is further configured to communicate information indicative of a status of the analyte monitoring device.
25. The system of claim 16 , wherein the analyte monitoring device is a skin-adherable patch.
26. The system of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of microneedles comprises a plurality of working electrodes, wherein each working electrode is positioned on a corresponding one of the plurality of microneedles, and wherein each working electrode is individually addressable and electrically isolated from every other working electrode in the analyte monitoring device.
27. The microneedle array of claim 1 , wherein the tapered distal portion further comprises a proximal insulated surface, and wherein a distal edge of the proximal insulated surface is proximate the proximal edge of the working electrode.
28. A method for monitoring a user, comprising:
accessing a dermal interstitial fluid of the user with an analyte monitoring device; and
quantifying one or more analytes in the body fluid using the analyte monitoring device,
wherein the analyte monitoring device comprises a microneedle array comprising a semiconductor substrate and a plurality of solid microneedles extending from the substrate, wherein at least one microneedle of the plurality of microneedles comprises:
a columnar body portion;
a tapered distal portion having an insulated distal apex; and
an annular working electrode on a surface of the tapered distal portion, wherein the working electrode comprises a proximal edge and a distal edge and is on only a segment of the surface of the tapered distal portion of the microneedle, and wherein the distal edge of the working electrode is proximate a proximal edge of the insulated distal apex.
29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the one or more analytes comprises glucose.
30. The method of claim 28 , wherein the plurality of microneedles comprises a plurality of working electrodes, wherein each working electrode is individually addressable and electrically isolated from every other working electrode in the analyte monitoring device.