Catheter with high density electrode spine array
A catheter adapted or high density mapping and/or ablation of tissue surface has a distal electrode matrix having a plurality of spines arranged in parallel configuration on which a multitude of electrodes are carried in a grid formation for providing uniformity and predictability in electrode placement on the tissue surface. The matrix can be dragged against the tissue surface upon deflection (and/or release of the deflection) of the catheter. The spines generally maintain their parallel configuration and the multitude of electrodes generally maintain their predetermined relative spacing in the grid formation as the matrix is dragged across the tissue surface in providing very high density mapping signals. The spines may have free distal ends, or distal ends that are joined to form loops for maintaining the spines in parallel configuration.
1. A catheter comprising:
an elongated catheter body defining a longitudinal axis; and
a generally planar distal electrode assembly distal of the catheter body, the distal electrode assembly comprising a plurality of spines including a first spine and a second spine,
the first spine including a first first-spine linear portion, a second first-spine linear portion, and a first V-shaped distal portion connecting the first first-spine linear portion, and the second first-spine linear portion, and
the second spine including a first second-spine linear portion, a second second-spine linear portion, and a second V-shaped distal portion connecting the first second-spine linear portion and the second second-spine linear portion, the second V-shaped distal portion being offset from the first V-shaped distal portion.
2. The catheter of claim 1 , in which the first spine comprises a first single continuous spine loop and the second spine comprises a second single continuous spine loop.
3. The catheter of claim 2 , in which the first first-spine linear portion, the second first-spine linear portion, the first second-spine linear portion, and the second second-spine linear portion each include at least four electrodes that are spaced apart at generally equal distances from each other such that the first spine and second spine together comprise at least sixteen electrodes disposed in a rectangular grid pattern.
4. The catheter of claim 3 , in which the first first-spine linear portion comprises four electrodes, the second first-spine linear portion comprises four electrodes, the first second-spine linear portion comprises four electrodes, and the second second-spine linear portion comprises four electrodes.
5. The catheter of claim 3 , in which a spacing between the first first-spine linear portion and the first second-spine linear portion varies along the first first-spine linear portion and the first second-spine linear portion.
6. The catheter of claim 3 , in which the first spine loop is larger than the second spine loop.
7. The catheter of claim 6 , in which the second spine loop is inside and surrounded by the first spine loop.
8. The catheter of claim 7 , in which the first V-shaped distal portion is disposed distal to the second V-shaped distal portion.
9. The catheter of claim 3 , in which the first V-shaped distal portion intersects the second V-shaped distal portion at a first intersecting location.
10. The catheter of claim 9 , in which the plurality of spines further comprises a third spine including a first third-spine linear portion, a second third-spine linear portion, and a third V-shaped distal portion connecting the first third-spine linear portion and the second third-spine linear portion, the third V-shaped distal portion being offset from the first V-shaped distal portion and the second V-shaped distal portion.
11. The catheter of claim 10 , in which the third spine comprises a third single continuous spine loop.
12. The catheter of claim 11 , in which the first third-spine linear portion and the second third-spine linear portion each include at least four electrodes that are spaced apart at generally equal distances from each other such that the first spine, the second spine, and the third spine together comprise at least twenty-four electrodes disposed in a rectangular grid pattern.
13. The catheter of claim 12 , in which the first first-spine linear portion comprises four electrodes, the second first-spine linear portion comprises four electrodes, the first second-spine linear portion comprises four electrodes, the second second-spine linear portion comprises four electrodes, the first third-spine linear portion comprises four electrodes, and the second third-spine linear portion comprises four electrodes.
14. The catheter of claim 12 , in which the third V-shaped distal portion intersects the first V-shaped distal portion at a second intersecting location, and the third V-shaped distal portion intersects the second V-shaped distal portion at a third intersecting location.
15. The catheter of claim 14 , in which the first V-shaped distal portion is attached to the second V-shaped distal portion at the first intersecting location, the third V-shaped distal portion is attached to the first V-shaped distal portion at the second intersecting location, and the third V-shaped distal portion is attached to the second V-shaped distal portion at the third intersecting location.