Systems and methods for radiant gas dynamic mining of permafrost
Systems and apparatus are disclosed for mining the permafrost at the landing sites using radiant gas dynamic mining procedures. The systems can comprise a rover vehicle with an integrated large area dome for cryotrapping gases released from the surface and multi-wavelength radiant heating systems to provide adjustable heating as a function of depth. Various antenna arrays and configurations are disclosed, some of which can cooperate for a specific aiming or targeting effect.
1. A method for mining lunar polar permafrost to extract gas propellants, comprising:
providing a rover vehicle for mining permafrost from a landing site, the rover vehicle configured to combine radio frequency (RF), microwave, and infrared radiation to heat the permafrost at a depth control heating profile;
lowering a dome from the rover vehicle to a surface of the landing site, the dome having a conformable skirt configured to increase gas collection efficiency and a plurality of infrared heaters configured to warm the surface of the mining location, the interior surface of the skirt having arranged thereon a plurality of phased wire dipole antennas arranged in a plurality of broadside arrays;
deploying from the rover vehicle a plurality of drilling devices configured to enable subsurface RF heating;
sublimating ice at a predetermined depth, using a combination of radiation sources, to cause water vapor to migrate upward and out of the permafrost;
using a rotating belt to capture cryogenic vapors; and
storing the vapor as a liquid in one or more water storage tanks.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of phased wire dipole antennas for each of the broadside arrays are connected by a plurality of wire transmission lines to a common feed point.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein each of the wire transmission lines has a length that is about one-half of an operating wavelength.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of phased wire dipole antennas has a length that is about one-half of an operating wavelength.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the length of each of the plurality of phased wire dipole antennas is about 6 cm.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the broadside arrays comprises a plurality of arrays of sixteen of the plurality of phased wire dipole antennas.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the broadside arrays comprises five arrays of sixteen of the plurality of phased wire dipole antennas.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the broadside arrays is configured to project a focused microwave beam into the surface of the landing site to aid in the sublimation of the ice.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a microwave source connected to each of the broadside arrays via a corresponding parallel wire transmission line.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising a plurality of shunting device configured to improve coupling efficiency between the microwave source and the broadside arrays.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of broadside arrays are configured to produce microwave beams that overlap in a region below the surface of the landing site.
12. A rover vehicle for mining permafrost, comprising:
a dome configured to be lowered from the rover vehicle to a surface of a landing site, the dome having a conformable skirt configured to increase gas collection efficiency and a plurality of infrared heaters configured to warm the surface of the mining location, the interior surface of the skirt having arranged thereon a plurality of phased wire dipole antennas arranged in a plurality of broadside arrays;
a plurality of drilling devices configured to be deployed to enable subsurface radio frequency (RF) heating;
a rotating belt configured to capture cryogenic vapors sublimated from ice at a predetermined depth within the landing site using a combination of radiation sources; and
one or more water storage tanks configured to store the vapor as a liquid.
13. The rover vehicle of claim 12 , further comprising:
a plurality of wire transmission lines configured to connect the plurality of phased wire dipole antennas for each of the broadside arrays to a common feed point.
14. The rover vehicle of claim 13 , wherein each of the wire transmission lines has a length that is about one-half of an operating wavelength.
15. The rover vehicle of claim 12 , wherein each of the plurality of phased wire dipole antennas has a length that is about one-half of an operating wavelength.
16. The rover vehicle of claim 15 , wherein the length of each of the plurality of phased wire dipole antennas is about 6 cm.
17. The rover vehicle of claim 12 , wherein each of the broadside arrays comprises a plurality of arrays of sixteen of the plurality of phased wire dipole antennas.
18. The rover vehicle of claim 12 , wherein each of the broadside arrays comprises five arrays of sixteen of the plurality of phased wire dipole antennas.
19. The rover vehicle of claim 12 , wherein each of the broadside arrays is configured to project a focused microwave beam into the surface of the landing site to aid in the sublimation of the ice.
20. The rover vehicle of claim 12 , further comprising a microwave source connected to each of the broadside arrays via a corresponding parallel wire transmission line.
21. The rover vehicle of claim 20 , further comprising a plurality of shunting device configured to improve coupling efficiency between the microwave source and the broadside arrays.
22. The rover vehicle of claim 12 , wherein the plurality of broadside arrays are configured to produce microwave beams that overlap in a region below the surface of the landing site.