Extended range immunoassay devices with immunosensor and magnetic immunosensor
The present invention relates to systems and methods that utilize a combination of immunoassay and magnetic immunoassay techniques to detect an analyte within an extended range of specified concentrations. In particular, a device includes a housing, a heterogeneous surface capture immunosensor within the housing and configured to generate a first signal indicative of the concentration of the analyte in an upper concentration range, and a homogeneous magnetic bead capture immunosensor within the housing and configured to generate a second signal indicative of the concentration of the analyte in a lower concentration range.
1 . A method of determining a concentration of an analyte in a fluid sample utilizing a device comprising a conduit and a housing, the conduit comprising a first sensor and a second sensor,
the method comprising:
in the conduit, contacting with the fluid sample a signal antibody that is specific for the analyte and is conjugated to an enzyme thereby producing a first mixture and allowing the signal antibody to dissolve in the fluid sample
and form a first complex of the signal antibody and the analyte;
contacting the first mixture of the fluid sample and the signal antibody with magnetic beads coated with first capture antibodies specific for the analyte thereby producing a second mixture and allowing the magnetic beads to dissolve in the first mixture and form a second complex comprising the first complex and the first capture antibodies coated on the magnetic beads;
contacting the first mixture of the fluid sample and the signal antibody specific for the analyte with the first sensor, the first sensor comprising immobilized on its surface second capture antibodies specific for the analyte, thereby forming a third complex comprising the first complex and second capture antibodies specific for the analyte;
contacting the second mixture comprising the second complex with the second sensor and attracting the second complex to the second sensor by a magnetic field generated by a high-field magnet located within a trench that extends to a region in the housing below the second sensor;
applying to the first sensor and the second sensor via the conduit a fluid comprising a substrate for the enzyme;
detecting by the first sensor a first signal from a reaction of the substrate with the third complex, wherein the first signal is indicative of a first concentration of the analyte in an upper concentration range;
detecting by the second sensor a second signal from a reaction of the substrate with the second complex attracted by the magnetic field to the second sensor, wherein the second signal is indicative of a second concentration of the analyte in a lower concentration range and determining the concentration of the analyte in the fluid sample based on the first concentration, the second concentration, and a predetermined crossover concentration.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising, using computer processing circuitry and computer readable and executable computer instructions stored on a computer memory, calculating concentration of the analyte in the fluid sample based on the first concentration the second concentration and the predetermined crossover concentration.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the analyte is troponin I (TnI) or cardiac troponin I (cTnI).
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the first capture antibodies are anti-troponin I (TnI) antibodies or anti-cardiac troponin I (cTnI) antibodies.
5 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the second capture antibodies are anti-troponin I (TnI) antibodies or anti-cardiac troponin I (cTnI) antibodies.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the the device further comprises:
a non-conductive wafer comprising a top surface and a bottom surface, the top surface forming a base for the first sensor and the second sensor.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein:
the first sensor is a heterogeneous surface capture immunosensor comprising a conductive layer deposited on the non-conductive wafer and the second capture antibodies immobilized on at least a portion the conductive layer, and
the second sensor is a homogeneous magnetic bead capture immunosensor comprising a microelectrode and the high-field magnet.
8 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the first sensor and the second sensor are spaced at least 0.3 mm apart on the non-conductive wafer.
9 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the at least the portion of the conductive layer is surrounded by a containment ring structure.
10 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the housing comprises an opening for receiving the fluid sample and the conduit is in fluidic communication with the opening.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the upper concentration range is above 1000 pg/mL and the lower concentration range is from about 0 to 1000 pg/mL.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the upper concentration range is controlled by a time duration that the fluid sample and the signal antibody is positioned over the heterogeneous surface capture immunosensor.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the upper concentration range is further controlled by at least one of an affinity of each of the signal antibodies, an avidity of each of the signal antibodies, an affinity of each of the capture antibodies immobilized on the first sensor, and an avidity of each the capture antibodies immobilized on the first sensor.