Extended range immunoassay devices with immunosensor and magnetic immunosensor
The present invention relates to systems and methods that utilize a combination of immunoassay and magnetic immunoassay techniques to detect an analyte within an extended range of specified concentrations. In particular, a device includes a housing, a heterogeneous surface capture immunosensor within the housing and configured to generate a first signal indicative of the concentration of the analyte in an upper concentration range, and a homogeneous magnetic bead capture immunosensor within the housing and configured to generate a second signal indicative of the concentration of the analyte in a lower concentration range.
1. An immunoassay test device for determining a concentration of an analyte, the test device comprising:
a housing;
a conduit;
a heterogeneous surface capture immunosensor disposed in the conduit and positioned on a surface of a substrate support, wherein the heterogeneous surface capture immunosensor is configured to generate a first signal indicative of the concentration of the analyte in an upper concentration range;
a homogeneous magnetic bead capture immunosensor disposed in the conduit and positioned on the surface of the substrate support adjacent to the heterogeneous surface capture immunosensor, wherein the homogeneous magnetic bead capture immunosensor is configured to generate a second signal indicative of the concentration of the analyte in a lower concentration range; and
a trench that extends to a region in the housing below the homogeneous magnetic bead capture immunosensor, wherein the trench comprises a high-field magnet.
2. The test device of claim 1 , wherein:
the heterogeneous surface capture immunosensor includes an immobilized layer of capture antibodies configured to bind to a first complex of signal antibodies and the analyte such that a second complex formed of the first complex and the immobilized layer of capture antibodies is localized on or near the heterogeneous surface capture immunosensor,
the high-field magnet generates a magnetic field disposed locally around the homogeneous magnetic bead capture immunosensor, and
the magnetic field is configured to attract magnetic beads such that a third complex of the first complex and capture antibodies immobilized on the magnetic beads is localized on or near the homogeneous magnetic bead capture immunosensor.
3. The test device of claim 2 , further comprising a first reagent region coated with the signal antibodies for the analyte.
4. The test device of claim 3 , further comprising a second reagent region coated with the magnetic beads.
5. The test device of claim 2 , wherein:
the first complex is formed in a first liquid phase comprising a sample including the analyte,
the second complex is formed on or near a solid phase boundary of the heterogeneous surface capture immunosensor, and
localization of the second complex on or near the heterogeneous surface capture immunosensor is a result of a heterogeneous reaction comprising formation of the first complex in the first liquid phase and formation of the second complex on or near the solid phase boundary.
6. The test device of claim 5 , wherein:
the third complex is formed in a second liquid phase comprising the sample and the capture antibodies immobilized on the magnetic beads, and
localization of the third complex on or near the heterogeneous surface capture immunosensor is a result of a homogeneous reaction comprising the formation of the first complex in the first liquid phase and the formation of the third complex in the second liquid phase.
7. An immunoassay test device for determining a concentration of an analyte in a sample, the test device comprising:
a housing;
a conduit;
a heterogeneous surface capture immunosensor disposed in the conduit and positioned on a surface of a substrate support, wherein the heterogeneous surface capture immunosensor is configured to generate a first signal indicative of the concentration of the analyte in an upper concentration range;
a homogeneous magnetic bead capture immunosensor disposed in the conduit and positioned on the surface of the substrate support adjacent to the heterogeneous surface capture immunosensor, wherein the homogeneous magnetic bead capture immunosensor is configured to generate a second signal indicative of the concentration of the analyte in a lower concentration range; and
a trench that extends to a region in the housing below the homogeneous magnetic bead capture immunosensor, wherein the trench comprises a high-field magnet,
wherein the lower concentration range is controlled by a time duration between dissolution of magnetic beads into the sample and magnetic capture of the magnetic beads on or near the homogeneous magnetic bead capture immunosensor, and
wherein capture antibodies configured to bind the analyte are immobilized on a surface of the magnetic beads.
8. The test device of claim 7 , wherein the lower concentration range is further controlled by a dissolved concentration of the magnetic beads in the sample.
9. The test device of claim 8 , wherein the dissolved concentration of the magnetic beads in the sample is in a range from about 10000 to 200000 beads per microliter.
10. The test device of claim 8 , wherein the dissolved concentration of the magnetic beads in the sample is in a range from about 10000 to 40000 beads per microliter.
11. The test device of claim 7 , wherein:
the heterogeneous surface capture immunosensor includes an immobilized layer of capture antibodies configured to bind to a first complex of signal antibodies and the analyte, such that a second complex formed of the first complex and the immobilized layer of capture antibodies is localized on or near the heterogeneous surface capture immunosensor,
the high-field magnet generates a magnetic field is disposed locally around the homogeneous magnetic bead capture immunosensor, and
the magnetic field is configured to capture the magnetic beads such that a third complex of the first complex and the capture antibodies immobilized on the surface of the magnetic beads is localized on or near the homogeneous magnetic bead capture immunosensor.
12. The test device of claim 11 , wherein the lower concentration range is further controlled by at least one of an affinity of each of the signal antibodies, an avidity of each of the signal antibodies, a dissolved concentration of the magnetic beads in the sample, an affinity of each of the capture antibodies immobilized on the surface of the magnetic beads, and an avidity of each the capture antibodies immobilized on the surface of the magnetic beads.
13. The test device of claim 12 , wherein the dissolved concentration of the magnetic beads in the sample is in a range from about 10000 to 200000 beads per microliter.
14. The test device of claim 12 , wherein the affinity of each of the signal antibodies is in a range from about 1×10 7 to about 1×10 13 M −1 .
15. The test device of claim 12 , wherein the affinity of each of the signal antibodies is in a range from about 1×10 10 to about 1×10 13 M −1 .
16. The test device of claim 12 , wherein the avidity of each of the signal antibodies is in a range from about 1×10 7 to about 1×10 13 M −1 .
17. The test device of claim 12 , wherein the avidity of each of the signal antibodies is in a range from about 1×10 10 to about 1×10 13 M −1 .
18. The test device of claim 12 , wherein the affinity of each of the capture antibodies immobilized on the surface of the magnetic beads is in a range from about 1×10 7 to about 1×10 13 M −1 .
19. The test device of claim 12 , wherein the affinity of each of the capture antibodies immobilized on the surface of the magnetic beads is in a range from about 1×10 10 to about 1×10 13 M −1 .
20. The test device of claim 12 , wherein the avidity of each of the capture antibodies immobilized on the surface of the magnetic beads is in a range from about 1×10 7 to about 1×10 13 M −1 .
21. The test device of claim 12 , wherein the avidity of each of the capture antibodies immobilized on the surface of the magnetic beads is in a range from about 1×10 10 to about 1×10 13 M −1 .
22. The test device of claim 11 , wherein the upper concentration range is controlled by a time duration that the sample is positioned over the heterogeneous surface capture immunosensor.
23. The test device of claim 22 , wherein the upper concentration range is further controlled by at least one of an affinity of each of the signal antibodies, an avidity of each of the signal antibodies, an affinity of each of the capture antibodies of the immobilized layer, and an avidity of each the capture antibodies of the immobilized layer.
24. The test device of claim 23 , wherein the affinity of each of the signal antibodies is in a range from about 1×10 7 to about 1×10 13 M −1 .
25. The test device of claim 23 , wherein the affinity of each of the signal antibodies is in a range from about 1×10 10 to about 1×10 13 M −1 .
26. The test device of claim 23 , wherein the avidity of each of the signal antibodies is in a range from about 1×10 7 to about 1×10 13 M −1 .
27. The test device of claim 23 , wherein the avidity of each of the signal antibodies is in a range from about 1×10 10 to about 1×10 13 M −1 .
28. The test device of claim 23 , wherein the affinity of each of the capture antibodies of the immobilized layer is in a range from about 1×10 7 to about 1×10 13 M −1 .
29. The test device of claim 23 , wherein the affinity of each of the capture antibodies of the immobilized layer is in a range from about 1×10 10 to about 1×10 13 M −1 .
30. The test device of claim 23 , wherein the avidity of each of the capture antibodies of the immobilized layer is in a range from about 1×10 7 to about 1×10 13 M −1 .
31. The test device of claim 23 , wherein the avidity of each of the capture antibodies of the immobilized layer is in a range from about 1×10 10 to about 1×10 13 M −1 .