Upgrading of a raw blend into a diesel fuel substitute: poly(dimethoxymethane)
A method for forming poly(dimethoxymethane) includes a step of separating a formaldehyde-containing blend into a first bottom stream and a first top stream. The first formaldehyde-containing blend includes methanol, formaldehyde, and water while the first bottom stream includes water. The first top stream includes dimethoxymethane that is produced from the reaction between methanol and formaldehyde. The first top stream is separated into a second bottom stream and a second top stream. The second bottom stream includes poly(dimethoxymethane) while the second top stream includes dimethoxymethane, methanol, and ethanol. The second top stream is separated into a third bottom stream and a third top stream. Third bottom stream includes methanol and ethanol while the third top stream includes dimethoxymethane. The third top steam can be recycled to form additional poly(dimethoxymethane). A system that implements the method is also provided.
1. A system for forming poly(dimethoxymethane) comprising:
a source that provides a feedstock, the feedstock includes a first formaldehyde-containing blend;
a heater configured to heat the first formaldehyde-containing blend to breakdown poly(oxymethylene) glycols and poly(oxymethylene) hemiformals into formaldehyde, methanol, water and shorter oligomers to form a second formaldehyde-containing blend;
a first reaction and separation station that receives the second formaldehyde-containing blend as the feedstock and outputs a first bottom stream and a first top stream, the first reaction and separation station positioned downstream of the heater, the second formaldehyde-containing blend including methanol, formaldehyde, and water, the first top stream including dimethoxymethane that is produced from a reaction between methanol and formaldehyde, the first bottom stream including water;
a second reaction and separation station that receives the first top stream and outputs a second bottom stream and a second top stream, the second bottom stream including poly(dimethoxymethane) and the second top stream including dimethoxymethane, methanol and ethanol; and
a third separation station that receives the second top stream and outputs a third bottom stream and a third top stream, the third bottom stream including methanol and ethanol and the third top stream including dimethoxymethane.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the feedstock is composed of at least 40-70 mole % alcohols, 5-20 mole % aldehydes and 15-40 mole % water.
3. The system of claim 1 further comprising a recycle loop that recycles dimethoxymethane from the third separation station back to the second reaction and separation station.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein the second formaldehyde-containing blend includes up to 30 mole % water.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein the first top stream includes methylal, methanol, ethanol and unreacted formaldehyde.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein the first reaction and separation station includes a first separation column.
7. The system of claim 6 wherein the first separation column including an acid catalyst that promotes acetylation.
8. The system of claim 1 wherein the second reaction and separation station includes a second separation column.
9. The system of claim 8 wherein the second separation column includes an acid catalyst that promotes equilibrium between dimethoxymethane, formaldehyde, and methanol.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein the second reaction and separation station includes a catalytic reaction vessel followed by a distillation column.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein the acid catalyst also promotes reaction between dimethoxymethane, poly(dimethoxymethane), and formaldehyde to produce poly(dimethoxymethane) n with n=3-5.
12. The system of claim 1 wherein the third separation station is a distillation column in which dimethoxymethane is separated from alcohols methanol and ethanol.