Circulating biomarker levels for diagnosis and risk-stratification of traumatic brain injury
Methods, compositions and kits useful in the diagnosis, prognosis and/or assessment of brain injuries and risk for brain injuries, such as hemorrhage, are based upon detection of certain biomarkers.
1. A method of measuring the levels of biomarker proteins in a biological sample from a human patient that has or is suspected of having a brain injury, the method comprising:
(a) measuring levels of biomarker proteins Neurogranin (NRGN) and Synuclein Beta (SNCB) in the biological sample;
(b) detecting a changed level of NRGN, and a changed level of SNCB relative to reference levels; and
(c) administering treatment for a brain injury when an increased level of NRGN and a decreased level of the SNCB is detected.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the brain injury is selected from the group consisting of intracranial bleed, increased intracranial pressure (ICP), intracranial hemorrhage, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, sub-acute brain injury, acute brain injury, post-acute brain injury, progressing brain injury, regressing brain injury, subclinical brain injury, mild brain injury, moderate brain injury, severe brain injury and chronic brain injury.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reference levels are the levels of biomarkers present in a normal subject not having a brain injury.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reference levels time point.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reference levels are baseline levels of NRGN and SNCB, wherein baseline levels are measured prior to a brain injury.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is from a human patient suspected of experiencing neural regeneration or recovery from a brain injury.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the human patient is at risk of suffering from an adverse neurological outcome subsequent to the brain injury or suspected brain injury.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is obtained from the human subject at least one month, at least three months, or at least six months post-injury or post suspected injury.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is obtained from a patient likely to suffer from depression.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising comparing the increased level of NRGN and the decreased level of SNCB relative to their respective reference levels in at least one classifier algorithm to identify the patient as having a high, medium, or low risk of brain injury.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the at least one classifier algorithm is selected from a decision tree classifier, a logistic regression classifier, a nearest neighbor classifier, a neural network classifier, a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, a nearest centroid classifier, a linear regression classifier, a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier, a quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) classifier, a random forest classifier, an extreme gradient boosting (XG Boost) classifier, a linear mixed effects model classifier, or a combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 10 , further comprising inputting clinical indicators, symptoms, clinical laboratory testing, imaging, and/or other forms of patient data into the at least one classifier algorithm.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measuring step further comprises measuring the level of MT3, Tau, P-tau, or Map2, and wherein the detecting step further comprises detecting a change in the level of MT3, Tau, P-tau, or Map2 relative to their respective reference levels.