Relight of a propulsion system with a fuel cell
A propulsion system including: a fuel cell assembly having a fuel cell defining an outlet positioned to remove output products from the fuel cell and a fuel cell assembly operating condition; a turbomachine comprising a compressor section, a combustion section, and a turbine section arranged in serial flow order, the combustion section configured to receive a flow of aviation fuel from an aircraft fuel supply and further configured to receive the output products from the fuel cell; and a controller comprising memory and one or more processors, the memory storing instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the propulsion system to perform operations including receiving data indicative of a mid-flight flameout within the combustion section; modifying the fuel cell assembly operating condition in response to receiving data indicative of the mid-flight flameout within the combustion section; and initiating a relight of the combustion section.
1. A propulsion system for an aircraft, the aircraft comprising an aircraft fuel supply, the propulsion system comprising:
a fuel cell assembly comprising a fuel cell, the fuel cell defining an outlet positioned to remove output products from the fuel cell and a fuel cell assembly operating condition, wherein the fuel cell assembly further includes a dedicated fuel cell ignitor;
a turbomachine comprising a compressor section, a combustion section, and a turbine section arranged in serial flow order, the combustion section configured to receive a flow of aviation fuel from the aircraft fuel supply and further configured to receive the output products from the fuel cell, the combustion section including a dome assembly, a combustion chamber, and a primary ignitor disposed downstream from the dome assembly, wherein the primary ignitor is disposed upstream from the dedicated fuel cell ignitor; and
a controller comprising memory and one or more processors, the memory storing instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the propulsion system to perform operations including,
receiving data indicative of a mid-flight flameout within the combustion section;
modifying the fuel cell assembly operating condition in response to receiving data indicative of the mid-flight flameout within the combustion section; and
initiating a relight of the combustion section, wherein initiating the relight of the combustion section comprises activating the dedicated fuel cell ignitor within the combustion chamber.
2. The propulsion system of claim 1 , wherein receiving data indicative of the mid-flight flameout within the combustion section comprises determining the mid-flight flameout is a first category mid-flight flameout, and wherein modifying the fuel cell assembly operating condition in response to receiving data indicative of the mid-flight flameout within the combustion section comprises performing a first fuel cell modification associated with the first category mid-flight flameout.
3. The propulsion system of claim 1 , wherein receiving data indicative of the mid-flight flameout within the combustion section further comprises determining the mid-flight flameout is one of a first category mid-flight flameout or a second category mid-flight flameout, and wherein modifying the fuel cell assembly operating condition in response to receiving data indicative of the mid-flight flameout within the combustion section further comprises performing a first fuel cell modification associated with the first category mid-flight flameout when the first category mid-flight flameout is determined, and performing a second fuel cell modification associated with the second category mid-flight flameout when the second category mid-flight flameout is determined.
4. The propulsion system of claim 3 , wherein the first fuel cell modification is different than the second fuel cell modification.
5. The propulsion system of claim 1 , wherein modifying the fuel cell assembly operating condition in response to receiving data indicative of the mid-flight flameout within the combustion section comprises adjusting a fuel cell exhaust condition, wherein the fuel cell exhaust condition comprises one or more of a fuel cell assembly output product composition, a fuel cell assembly output product total flowrate, a fuel cell assembly output product air/fuel flowrate ratio, a fuel cell assembly output product temperature, and a fuel cell assembly output product velocity.
6. The propulsion system of claim 1 , wherein modifying the fuel cell assembly operating condition in response to receiving data indicative of the mid-flight flameout within the combustion section comprises adjusting a fuel operating condition, wherein adjusting the fuel operating condition comprises adjusting at least one of a peak fuel temperature in the fuel processing unit, an exit temperature of the fuel from the fuel processing unit, a fuel temperature downstream of a fuel heat exchanger, a fuel to air ratio in the fuel processing unit, or a fuel processing unit gas hourly space velocity (total gas flowrate).
7. The propulsion system of claim 1 , wherein the fuel cell assembly comprises a stack, wherein the stack comprises the fuel cell, and wherein modifying the fuel cell assembly operating condition in response to receiving data indicative of the mid-flight flameout within the combustion section comprises increasing a bypass ratio of a flow of reformed fuel around the stack to the combustion section.
8. The propulsion system of claim 1 , wherein modifying the fuel cell assembly operating condition in response to receiving data indicative of the mid-flight flameout within the combustion section comprises increasing an airflow to the fuel cell from the compressor section.
9. The propulsion system of claim 1 , wherein modifying the fuel cell assembly operating condition in response to receiving data indicative of the mid-flight flameout within the combustion section comprises reducing an electrical output of the fuel cell.
10. The propulsion system of claim 1 , wherein the compressor section comprises a high pressure compressor, wherein the turbine section comprises a high pressure turbine, and wherein the propulsion system further comprises:
an electric machine rotatable with the high pressure compressor, the high pressure turbine, or both, and wherein modifying the fuel cell assembly operating condition in response to receiving data indicative of the mid-flight flameout within the combustion section comprises increasing an electrical power output from the fuel cell and reducing an electrical power output of the electric machine.
11. The propulsion system of claim 1 , wherein the combustion section comprises a combustor defining a combustion chamber, and wherein modifying the fuel cell assembly operating condition in response to receiving data indicative of the mid-flight flameout within the combustion section comprises adjusting a fuel to air ratio within the combustion chamber, increasing a temperature within the combustion chamber, or both with the fuel cell assembly.
12. The propulsion system of claim 11 , wherein adjusting the fuel to air ratio within the combustion chamber, increasing the temperature within the combustion chamber, or both with the fuel cell assembly comprises adjusting a volume percentage of H2 within the combustion chamber.
13. A method of operating a propulsion system for an aircraft, the propulsion system comprising a fuel cell assembly comprising a fuel cell, the fuel cell defining an outlet positioned to remove output products from the fuel cell, wherein the fuel cell assembly further includes a dedicated fuel cell ignitor, the propulsion system further comprising a turbomachine, the turbomachine comprising a combustion section including a dome assembly, a combustion chamber, and a primary ignitor disposed downstream from the dome assembly, wherein the primary ignitor is disposed upstream from the dedicated fuel cell ignitor, wherein the combustion chamber is configured to receive a flow of aviation fuel via the dome assembly from an aircraft fuel supply of the aircraft and further configured to receive the output products from the fuel cell, the method comprising:
receiving data indicative of a mid-flight flameout within the combustion section;
modifying a fuel cell assembly operating condition in response to receiving data indicative of the mid-flight flameout within the combustion section; and
initiating a relight of the combustion section, wherein initiating the relight of the combustion section comprises activating the dedicated fuel cell ignitor within the combustion chamber.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein receiving data indicative of the mid-flight flameout within the combustion section comprises determining the mid-flight flameout is a first category mid-flight flameout, and wherein modifying the fuel cell assembly operating condition in response to receiving data indicative of the mid-flight flameout within the combustion section comprises performing a first fuel cell modification associated with the first category mid-flight flameout.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein receiving data indicative of the mid-flight flameout within the combustion section further comprises determining the mid-flight flameout is one of a first category mid-flight flameout or a second category mid-flight flameout, and wherein modifying the fuel cell assembly operating condition in response to receiving data indicative of the mid-flight flameout within the combustion section further comprises performing a first fuel cell modification associated with the first category mid-flight flameout when the first category mid-flight flameout is determined and performing a second fuel cell modification associated with the second category mid-flight flameout when the second category mid-flight flameout is determined.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the first fuel cell modification is different than the second fuel cell modification.