Vehicle with AC-to-DC inverter system for vehicle-to-grid power integration
Vehicles that are capable of connecting to the AC grid are described that comprise a prime mover and at least one motor generator. In one embodiment, a vehicle may be constructed as a plug-in hybrid system and using the powertrain under controller instruction to either place power on an AC power line (to service AC grids) or to draw power from the AC power line to add electrical energy to the batteries on the vehicle. In some aspects, vehicles may test whether the power needed to service the AC power line may be satisfied by the on-vehicle batteries or, if not, whether and how much power to extract from the prime mover. In some aspects, vehicles may have a thermal management system on board to dynamically supply desired heat dissipation for the powertrain, if the powertrain is using the prime mover to supply power to the AC grid.
1. A server for managing a connection between a vehicle and an AC power line, the server in communication with the vehicle and the AC power line and configured to:
receive an indication of a load demand on the AC power line;
receive an indication of whether the vehicle is capable of supplying a portion of the load demand on the AC power line; and
prompt the vehicle to supply the portion of the load demand on the AC power line when the vehicle is capable of supplying the portion of the load demand on the AC power line;
wherein the vehicle supplies, in response to the prompt, the portion of the load demand at least in part by a prime mover of the vehicle when the portion of the load demand is not met by a battery of the vehicle and the prime mover operates at substantially an optimum efficiency when the prime mover is used to supply the portion of the load demand.
2. The server of claim 1 , wherein the server is further configured to perform at least one of these functions:
prompt the vehicle to determine when the vehicle is capable of supplying the portion of the load demand on the AC power line and
dynamically determine at least one of: the load demand on the AC power line and the portion of the load demand that is to be supplied by the vehicle.
3. The server of claim 1 , wherein the server is further configured to prompt the vehicle to operate at an Ideal Operating Line with a set of operating characteristics or parameters to be controlled or dynamically adjusted, calculated, or estimated over time.
4. The server of claim 1 , wherein the server is further configured to prompt the vehicle to charge the battery from the AC power line according to dynamic load conditions on the AC power line.
5. The server of claim 1 , wherein supplying the portion of the load demand by the prime mover is performed via an inverter.
6. The server of claim 1 , wherein operating the prime mover at substantially an optimum efficiency includes:
setting operating characteristics of the prime mover to supply the portion of the load demand; and
adjusting the operating characteristics of the prime mover according to dynamic load conditions.
7. The server of claim 6 , wherein the server is configured to prompt the vehicle to:
determine an operating temperature of at least one of the prime mover and an exhaust system;
predict a temperature of at least one of the prime mover and the exhaust system with a given cooling flow; and
adjust a cooling flow to at least one of the prime mover and the exhaust system to substantially operate the prime mover within desired temperature specifications during continuous ENGINE-ON operations while the temperature reaches equilibrium.
8. The server of claim 1 , wherein the server is further configured to prompt the vehicle to change an operating mode of the vehicle based on dynamic load conditions on the AC power line.
9. The server of claim 8 , wherein changing the operating mode of the vehicle includes changing the operating mode from using the prime mover to using the battery.
10. The server of claim 1 , wherein the server is further configured to prompt the vehicle to:
determine an operating temperature of an exhaust system;
predict a temperature of the exhaust system with a given cooling flow; and
adjust a cooling flow to the exhaust system to substantially operate the prime mover in a desired range.
11. The server of claim 10 , wherein the server is further configured to prompt the vehicle to generate electrical energy from heat generated from at least one of a coolant or a vapor generated from one of the prime mover and the exhaust system.
12. A vehicle to grid system comprising:
a vehicle having a prime mover and a battery and configured to be connected to an AC power line;
a server for managing a connection between the vehicle and the AC power line, the server in communication with the vehicle and the AC power line and configured to:
receive an indication of a load demand on the AC power line;
receive an indication of whether the vehicle is capable of supplying a portion of the load demand on the AC power line; and
prompt the vehicle to supply the portion of the load demand on the AC power line when the vehicle is capable of supplying the portion of the load demand on the AC power line;
wherein the vehicle supplies, in response to the prompt, the portion of the load demand at least in part by a prime mover of the vehicle when the portion of the load demand is not met by a battery of the vehicle and the prime mover operates at substantially an optimum efficiency when the prime mover is used to supply the portion of the load demand.
13. The vehicle to grid system of claim 12 , wherein the server is further configured to prompt the vehicle to determine when the vehicle is capable of supplying the portion of the load demand on the AC power line; wherein supplying the portion of the load demand by the prime mover is performed via an inverter; and wherein the server is further configured to dynamically determine at least one of: the load demand on the AC power line and the portion of the load demand that is to be supplied by the vehicle.
14. The vehicle to grid system of claim 12 , wherein the server is further configured to prompt the vehicle to change an operating mode of the vehicle based on dynamic load conditions on the AC power line; wherein changing the operating mode of the vehicle includes at least one of changing the operating mode from using the prime mover to using the battery and charging the battery from the AC power line according to dynamic load conditions on the AC power line.
15. The vehicle to grid system of claim 12 , wherein the server is further configured to prompt the vehicle to operate at the optimum efficiency of the prime mover to supply the portion of the load demand; and
wherein operating the prime mover at substantially an optimum efficiency includes:
setting operating characteristics of the prime mover to supply the portion of the load demand; and
adjusting the operating characteristics of the prime mover according to dynamic load conditions.
16. The vehicle to grid system of claim 15 , wherein the server is configured to prompt the vehicle to:
determine an operating temperature of at least one of the prime mover and an exhaust system;
predict a temperature of at least one of the prime mover and the exhaust system with a given cooling flow; and
adjust a cooling flow to at least one of the prime mover and the exhaust system to substantially operate the prime mover within desired temperature specifications during continuous ENGINE-ON operations while the temperature reaches equilibrium.
17. The vehicle to grid system of claim 12 , wherein the prime mover includes one or more fuel cells.
18. A non-transient computer readable medium comprising instructions that, when read by one or more processors, causes a server in communication with a vehicle and a AC power line to perform the following:
receive an indication of a load demand on the AC power line;
receive an indication of whether the vehicle is capable of supplying a portion of the load demand on the AC power line; and
prompt the vehicle to supply the portion of the load demand on the AC power line when the vehicle is capable of supplying the portion of the load demand on the AC power line;
wherein the vehicle supplies, in response to the prompt, the portion of the load demand at least in part by a prime mover of the vehicle when the portion of the load demand is not met by a battery of the vehicle and the prime mover operates at substantially an optimum efficiency when the prime mover is used to supply the portion of the load demand.
19. The non-transient computer readable medium of claim 18 , wherein the server is further configured to prompt the vehicle to perform at least one of the following:
determine when the vehicle is capable of supplying the portion of the load demand on the AC power line;
dynamically determine at least one of: the load demand on the AC power line and the portion of the load demand that is to be supplied by the vehicle;
operate at an Ideal Operating Line with a set of operating characteristics or parameters to be controlled or dynamically adjusted, calculated, or estimated over time;
change an operating mode of the vehicle based on dynamic load conditions on the AC power line;
charge the battery from the AC power line according to dynamic load conditions on the AC power line; and
generate electrical energy from heat generated from at least one of a coolant or a vapor generated from one of the prime mover and an exhaust system of the vehicle.
20. The non-transient computer readable medium of claim 18 , wherein supplying the portion of the load demand by the prime mover is performed via an inverter; and wherein operating the prime mover at substantially an optimum efficiency includes:
setting operating characteristics of the prime mover to supply the portion of the load demand; and
adjusting the operating characteristics of the prime mover according to dynamic load conditions; and
wherein the server is configured to prompt the vehicle to:
determine an operating temperature of at least one of the prime mover and an exhaust system;
predict a temperature of at least one of the prime mover and the exhaust system with a given cooling flow; and
adjust a cooling flow to at least one of the prime mover and the exhaust system to substantially operate the prime mover within a desired temperature specifications during continuous ENGINE-ON operations while the temperature reaches equilibrium.