Transition metal deposition method
Methods of depositing transition metal on a substrate. The disclosure further relates to a transition metal layer, to a structure and to a device comprising a transition metal layer. In the method, transition metal is deposited on a substrate by a cyclical deposition process, and the method comprises providing a substrate in a reaction chamber, providing a transition metal precursor to the reaction chamber in a vapor phase and providing a reactant to the reaction chamber in a vapor phase to form transition metal on the substrate. The transition metal precursor comprises a transition metal from any of groups 4 to 6, and the reactant comprises a group 14 element selected from Si, Ge or Sn.
1. A method of depositing a transition metal from any of groups 4 to 6 on a substrate by a cyclical deposition process, the method comprising:
providing a substrate in a reaction chamber;
providing a transition metal precursor to the reaction chamber in a vapor phase; and
providing a reactant to the reaction chamber in a vapor phase to form transition metal on the substrate; wherein
the transition metal precursor comprises a transition metal from any of groups 4 to 6,
the reactant comprises a group 14 element selected from Ge or Sn, and
at least 60% of transition metal is deposited as elemental metal.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the transition metal precursor comprises a group 6 transition metal.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the group 6 transition metal is molybdenum or tungsten.
4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the group 6 transition metal is molybdenum.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the transition metal precursor comprises a metal-organic precursor.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the transition metal precursor comprises an additional ligand.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the additional ligand is a halide.
8. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the transition metal precursor comprises a benzene or a cyclopentadienyl group.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reactant comprises an organic group.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reactant has a general formula R a MX b or R c X d M-MR c X d , wherein a is 0-3, b is 4-a, c is 0, 1 or 2, d is 3-c, R is hydrocarbon, M is Ge or Sn, and each X is independently any ligand.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein R is an alkyl or an aryl.
12. The method according to claim 10 , wherein X is hydrogen, a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, or a halogen.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein X is a substituted alkyl or the substituted aryl, and wherein the substituent is same as M.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the transition metal precursor is supplied in pulses, reactant supplied in pulses and the reaction chamber is purged between consecutive pulses of transition metal precursor and reactant.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pressure in the reaction chamber is between 0.1 and 100 Torr.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cyclical deposition process comprises a thermal deposition process.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a dielectric surface and transition metal is deposited on the dielectric surface.
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein transition metal is a group 4 or a group 5 metal.