Hyaloclastite, sideromelane or tachylite pozzolan-based geopolymer cement and concrete and method of making and using same
The invention comprises a cementitious material comprising a natural pozzolan selected from hyaloclastite, sideromelane or tachylite, wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to 40 μm. The cementitious material also comprising an aqueous alkaline activating solution suitable for forming a geopolymer. A method making a cementitious material is also disclosed.
1. A cementitious material comprising:
a natural pozzolan selected from hyaloclastite, sideromelane, tachylite or combinations or mixtures thereof, wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to approximately 40 μm; and
an aqueous alkaline activating solution suitable for forming a geopolymer, wherein the aqueous alkaline activating solution comprises:
a hydroxide; and
a water-soluble alkali metal silicate.
2. The cementitious material of claim 1 , wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to approximately 20 μm.
3. The cementitious material of claim 1 , wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to approximately 10 μm.
4. The cementitious material of claim 1 , wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to approximately 5 μm.
5. The cementitious material of claim 1 , wherein the hydroxide is NaOH, KOH or Ca(OH) 2 .
6. The cementitious material of claim 1 , wherein the hydroxide is NaOH or KOH.
7. The cementitious material of claim 2 , wherein the hydroxide is NaOH or KOH.
8. The cementitious material of claim 3 , wherein the hydroxide is NaOH or KOH.
9. The cementitious material of claim 4 , wherein the hydroxide is NaOH or KOH.
10. The cementitious material of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble alkali metal silicate is sodium silicate or potassium silicate.
11. The cementitious material of claim 6 , wherein the water-soluble alkali metal silicate is sodium silicate or potassium silicate.
12. The cementitious material of claim 7 , wherein the water-soluble alkali metal silicate is sodium silicate or potassium silicate.
13. The cementitious material of claim 8 , wherein the water-soluble alkali metal silicate is sodium silicate or potassium silicate.
14. The cementitious material of claim 9 , wherein the water-soluble alkali metal silicate is sodium silicate or potassium silicate.
15. The cementitious material of claim 1 further comprising aggregate.
16. The cementitious material of claim 1 further comprising aggregate.
17. A cementitious material comprising:
a natural pozzolan selected from hyaloclastite, sideromelane, tachylite or combinations or mixtures thereof, wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to approximately 40 μm; and
an aqueous alkaline activating solution suitable for forming a geopolymer, wherein the aqueous alkaline activating solution comprises:
a hydroxide selected from NaOH or KOH; and
a water-soluble alkali metal silicate selected from sodium silicate or potassium silicate.
18. The cementitious material of claim 17 further comprising aggregate.
19. A method of making a cementitious material comprising:
combining a natural pozzolan and an aqueous alkaline activating solution suitable for forming a geopolymer;
wherein the natural pozzolan is selected from hyaloclastite, sideromelane, tachylite or combinations or mixtures thereof, wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to approximately 40 μm; and
wherein the aqueous alkaline activating solution comprises a hydroxide and a water-soluble alkali metal silicate.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the hydroxide is NaOH or KOH and the water-soluble alkali metal silicate is selected from sodium silicate or potassium silicate.