IP Library Granted Patent US 12,343,375
Granted Patent B2
US 12,343,375 · App. 17/650,386 · Granted Jul 1, 2025

Spray dried formulation of a cholera toxin B subunit variant

Inventors: Krystal Hamorsky (Owensboro, KY); Nobuyuki Matoba (Owensboro, KY)
Assignee: University of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc.
A61K38/164A61K9/0053A61K9/1623A61K9/1694
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,343,375
App. No.
17/650,386
Granted
Jul 1, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

Powder compositions and pharmaceutical compositions comprising a cholera toxin B subunit variant and a saccharide excipient are described. Methods of making the powder compositions and methods of treating a disease or enhancing wound healing using the pharmaceutical compositions are described. Liquid compositions comprising a cholera toxin B subunit variant and mannitol are described.

Claims (26)

1. A powder comprising a cholera toxin B subunit variant and mannitol, wherein the cholera toxin B subunit variant and mannitol have a weight ratio of between about 1:3.6 and about 1:45.5.

2. The powder of claim 1 , wherein the cholera toxin B subunit variant comprises an amino acid sequence that has at least about 80% sequence identity to at least one sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOs:2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 25-29 and 34.

3. The powder of claim 1 , wherein the cholera toxin B subunit variant comprises an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention sequence attached to its C-terminus.

4. The powder of claim 3 , wherein the ER retention sequence comprises SEKDEL (SEQ ID NO:30), KDEL (SEQ ID NO:31), SEHDEL (SEQ ID NO:32) or HDEL (SEQ ID NO:33).

5. The powder of claim 1 , wherein the cholera toxin B subunit variant comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:4 or SEQ ID NO:34.

6. The powder of claim 1 , wherein the cholera toxin B subunit variant and mannitol have a weight ratio of between about 1:3.6 and about 1:18.3.

7. The powder of claim 1 , wherein the cholera toxin B subunit variant and mannitol have a weight ratio of between about 1:18.2 and about 1:45.5.

8. The powder of claim 1 , wherein the cholera toxin B subunit variant and mannitol have a weight ratio of between about 1:18.2 and about 1:18.3.

9. The powder of claim 1 , further comprising KCl, KH 2 PO 4 , NaCl, and Na 2 HPO 4 .

10. The powder of claim 1 , wherein less than 10% of the cholera toxin B subunit variant is a monomer.

11. The powder of claim 1 , wherein less than 5% of the cholera toxin B subunit variant is a monomer.

12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the powder of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for oral administration to a subject.

13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 12 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is in a form of a capsule, and wherein the capsule comprises a polymer that degrades at about pH 6.8.

14. A powder comprising:

a) a cholera toxin B subunit variant comprising an amino acid sequence that has at least about 80% sequence identity to at least one sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOs:2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 25-29 and 34, and

b) mannitol,

wherein the cholera toxin B subunit variant and mannitol have a weight ratio of between about 1:3.6 and about 1:45.5.

15. The powder of claim 14 , wherein the cholera toxin B subunit variant and mannitol have a weight ratio of between about 1:3.6 and about 1:18.3.

16. The powder of claim 14 , wherein the cholera toxin B subunit variant and mannitol have a weight ratio of between about 1:18.2 and about 1:45.5.

17. The powder of claim 14 , wherein the cholera toxin B subunit variant and mannitol have a weight ratio of between about 1:18.2 and about 1:18.3.

18. The powder of claim 14 , further comprising KCl, KH 2 PO 4 , NaCl, and Na 2 HPO 4 .

19. A powder comprising:

a) a cholera toxin B subunit variant comprising an amino acid sequence that has at least about 80% sequence identity to at least one sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:4 or SEQ ID NO:34, and

b) mannitol, KCl, KH 2 PO 4 , NaCl, and Na 2 HPO 4 ,

wherein the cholera toxin B subunit variant and mannitol have a weight ratio of between about 1:3.6 and about 1:45.5.

20. A method of treating colitis, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 12 .

Assignments (2)
CONFIRMATORY LICENSE Recorded Jul 26, 2023
From: UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE
To: NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (NIH), U.S. DEPT. OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (DHHS), U.S. GOVERNMENT
Reel/Frame 064389/0810 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Nov 3, 2022
From: HAMORSKY, KRYSTAL; MATOBA, NOBUYUKI
To: UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC.
Reel/Frame 061646/0022 →
Continuity (2)
Provisional Application 63147521 · Feb 9, 2021
Related Publication 20220249601A1 · Aug 11, 2022
References Cited (311)
US 2909462A · Warfield et al. · 1959 [cited by applicant]
US 4464763A · Mohler · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 5888789A · Rodriguez · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6218864B1 · Young et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6395964B1 · Amtzen et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6777546B2 · Langridge et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 7041296B1 · Stober et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7556806B2 · Wang · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 10066238B2 · Matoba et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10160789B2 · Matoba · 2018 [cited by examiner]
US 10758605B2 · Matoba et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 11524062B2 · Matoba et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20020055618A1 · Langridge et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020159958A1 · Hiatt et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20030021803A1 · Langridge et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030165543A1 · Langridge et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030191076A1 · Wesselingh et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040043003A1 · Chen · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040110930A1 · Reinl et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050044588A1 · Langridge et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050186219A1 · Langridge et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050241023A1 · Hein et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050241024A1 · Langridge et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050244424A1 · Wang · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050277635A1 · Bornemann et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060199778A1 · Ellis-Behnke et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060211087A1 · Roosild et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060252096A1 · Zha et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060286096A1 · Swain et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070041981A1 · Howard et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070192905A1 · Piller et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080060092A1 · Dickey et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080187954A1 · Kallmeier et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080233083A1 · Ansari · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080279877A1 · Yusibov et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090081256A1 · Langridge et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090155297A1 · Mrsny · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090214570A1 · Mrsny et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100303835A1 · Gocke et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20120100171A1 · Henry · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120100609A1 · Crawford et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20140286986A1 · Matoba et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150368661A1 · Matoba et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20190085036A1 · Matoba · 2019 [cited by examiner]
US 20190111123A1 · Matoba et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20210003870A1 · Kato · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210038708A1 · Matoba et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO91002071A2 · 1991 [cited by applicant]
WO WO95006128A3 · 1995 [cited by applicant]
WO WO98016247A1 · 1998 [cited by applicant]
WO 2012045082A2 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO 2012098119A2 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012125720A2 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013148258A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015009853A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017004168A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
Feng et al., “Retrograde transport cholera toxin from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum requires the trans-Golgi network but not the Golgi apparatus in Exo2-treated cells,” EMBO reports, 2004, 5(6): 596-6… [cited by examiner]
Jertborn et al., “Local and Systemic Immune Responses to Rectal Administration of Recombinant Cholera Toxin B Subunit in Humans,” Infection and Immunity, Jun. 2001, 69(6): 4125-4128. (Year: 2001). [cited by examiner]
Zhu et al., “Large intestine-targeted nanoparticle-releasing oral vaccine to control genitorectal viral infection,” Nat. Med., Aug. 2012, 18(8): 1291-1296, enclosed pp. 1-14. (Year: 2012). [cited by examiner]
Reeves et al., “Spray-Dried Formulation of Epicertin, a Recombinant Cholera Toxin B subunit Variant That Induces Mucosal Healing,” Pharmaceutics, Apr. 18, 2021, 13(4), pp. 1-13. (Year: 2021). [cited by examiner]
Ajmera, et al., “Stabilisation of proteins via mixtures of amino acids during spray drying,” Int. J. Pharm. 2014, 463, 98-107. [cited by applicant]
Anwer, et al., “Eluxadoline Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Improved Colon Targeting in Rat Model of Ulcerative Colitis,” Pharmaceuticals 2020, 13, 255. (Sep. 19, 2020). [cited by applicant]
Baldauf et al., “Oral administration of a recombinant cholera toxin B subunit promotes mucosal healing in the colon,” Mucosal Immunol. 2017, 10, 887-900. (Nov. 2, 2016). [cited by applicant]
Boal Carvalho et al., “Mucosal Healing in Ulcerative Colitis: A Comprehensive Review,” Drugs 2017, 77, 159-173. (Jan. 11, 2017). [cited by applicant]
Borde et al., “Preparation and evaluation of a freeze-dried oral killed cholera vaccine formulation,” Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2011, 79, 508-518. [cited by applicant]
Cooper et al., “Clinicopathologic study of dextran sulfate sodium experimental murine colitis,” Lab. Investig. 1993, 69, 238-249. [cited by applicant]
Danese et al., “Positioning Therapies in Ulcerative Colitis,” Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2020, 18, 1280-1290.el. [cited by applicant]
Fell et al., “Management of ulcerative colitis,” Arch. Dis. Child. 2016, 101, 469-474. (Nov. 9, 2015). [cited by applicant]
Feuerstein et al., “Ulcerative Colitis,” Mayo Clin. Proc. 2019, 94, 1357-1373. [cited by applicant]
Feuerstein et al., “Ulcerative colitis: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management,” Mayo Clin. Proc. 2014, 89, 1553-1563. [cited by applicant]
Gallo et al., “Surgery in ulcerative colitis: When? How?” Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2018, 32-33, 71-78. [cited by applicant]
Goins et al., “Thermal stability and intersubunit interactions of cholera toxin in solution and in association with its cell-surface receptor ganglioside GM1,” Biochemistry 1988, 27, 2046-2052. [cited by applicant]
Gunnarsson et al., “Direct health care insurer and out-of-pocket expenditures of inflammatory bowel discasc: Evidence from a US national survey,” Dig. Dis. Sci. 2012, 57, 3080-3091. [cited by applicant]
Hamorsky et al., “Rapid and scalable plant-based production of a cholera toxin B subunit variant to aid in mass vaccination against cholera outbreaks,” PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2013, 7, e2046. (Mar. 7, 2013). [cited by applicant]
Hamorsky et al., “N-glycosylation of cholera toxin B subunit in Nicotiana benthamiana: Impacts on host stress response, production yield and vaccine potential,” Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 8003. (Jan. 23, 2015). [cited by applicant]
Jain et al., “Spray Drying in Pharmaceutical Industry: A Review,” Res. J. Pharm. Dos. Forms Technol. 2012, 4, 74-79. [cited by applicant]
Kim et al., “Investigating intestinal inflammation in DSS-induced model of IBD,” J. Vis. Exp. 2012, 3678. (Feb. 1, 2012). [cited by applicant]
Koziolek et al., “Investigation of pH and Temperature Profiles in the GI Tract of Fasted Human Subjects Using the Intellicap® System,” J. Pharm. Sci. 2015, 104, 2855-2863. [cited by applicant]
Langford et al., “Drying technologies for biopharmaceutical applications: Recent developments and future direction,” Dry. Technol. 2018, 36, 677-684. [cited by applicant]
Lautenschlager et al., “Drug delivery strategies in the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease,” Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2014, 71, 58-76. [cited by applicant]
Leoni et al., “Wound repair: Role of immune-epithelial interactions,” Mucosal Immunol. 2015, 8, 959-968. (Jul. 15, 2015). [cited by applicant]
Liao et al., “Investigation of the stabilisation of freeze-dried lysozyme and the physical properties of the formulations,” Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2004, 58, 15-24. [cited by applicant]
Maltesen et al., “Drying methods for protein pharmaceuticals,” Drug Discov. Today Technol. 2008, 5, c81-c88. [cited by applicant]
Maury et al., “Effects of process variables on the powder yield of spray-dried trehalose on a laboratory spray-dryer,” Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2005, 59, 565-573. [cited by applicant]
Morris et al., “Isolation and detection of a KDEL-tagged recombinant cholera toxin B subunit from Nicotiana benthamiana,” Process Biochem. 2021, 101, 42-49. [cited by applicant]
Naini, V,. “Physical and Chemical Stability of Spray Dried Sugars and Protein-Sugar Molecular Mixtures for Inhalation,” Ph.D. Thesis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA, 1996. [cited by applicant]
Nugent et al., “Intestinal luminal pH in inflammatory bowel disease: Possible determinants and implications for therapy with aminosalicylates and other drugs,” Gut 2001, 48, 571-577. [cited by applicant]
Ohrem et al., “Why is mannitol becoming more and more popular as a pharmaceutical excipient in solid dosage forms?” Pharm. Dev. Technol. 2014, 19, 257-262. [cited by applicant]
Pastor et al., “Cellulose acetate phthalate microparticles containing Vibrio cholerae: Steps toward an oral cholera vaccine,” J. Drug Target. 2014, 22, 478-487. [cited by applicant]
Pearson & Lipman, “Improved tools for biological sequence comparison,” [cited by applicant]
Pineton de Chambrun et al., “Current evidence supporting mucosal healing and deep remission as important treatment goals for inflammatory bowel disease,” Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2016, 10, 915-927. [cited by applicant]
Rowe et al., “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients;” Libros Digitales-Pharmaceutical Press: London, UK, 2009. [cited by applicant]
Royal et al., “Repeated Oral Administration of a KDEL-tagged Recombinant Cholera Toxin B Subunit Effectively Mitigates DSS Colitis Despite a Robust Immunogenic Response,” Toxins 2019, 11, 678. (Nov. 20, 2019). [cited by applicant]
Royal et al., “Therapeutic Potential of Cholera Toxin B Subunit for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases of the Mucosa,” Toxins 2017, 9, 379. (Nov. 23, 2017). [cited by applicant]
Royal et al., “A modified cholera toxin B subunit containing an ER retention motif enhances colon epithelial repair via an unfolded protein response,” FASEB J. 2019, 33, 13527-13545. [cited by applicant]
Smith & Waterman, “Comparison of Biosequences,” [cited by applicant]
Sollohub et al., “Spray drying technique: II. Current applications in pharmaceutical technology,” J. Pharm. Sci. 2010, 99, 587-597. [cited by applicant]
Surewicz et al., “Structure, stability, and receptor interaction of cholera toxin as studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,” Biochemistry 1990, 29, 8106-8111. [cited by applicant]
Tian et al., “Calorimetric investigation of protein/amino acid interactions in the solid state,” Int. J. Pharm. 2006, 310, 175-186. [cited by applicant]
The Facts about Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Crohn's & Colitis Foundation: New York, NY, USA, 2014. [cited by applicant]
Tripathi et al., “New developments in ulcerative colitis: Latest evidence on management, treatment, and maintenance,” Drugs Context 2019, 8, 212572. [cited by applicant]
Wirtz et al., “Chemically induced mouse models of acute and chronic intestinal inflammation,” Nat. Protoc. 2017, 12, 1295-1309. [cited by applicant]
Yadav et al., “Gastrointestinal stability of therapeutic anti-TNF α IgGl monoclonal antibodies,” Int. J. Pharm. 2016, 502, 181-187. [cited by applicant]
Zhang et al., “The 2.4 A crystal structure of cholera toxin B subunit pentamer: Choleragenoid,” J. Mol. Biol. 1995, 251, 550-562. [cited by applicant]
Zhang et al., “Inflammatory bowel disease: Pathogenesis,” World J. Gastroenterol. 2014, 20, 91-99. (Jan. 7, 2014). [cited by applicant]
F. F. Anhe et al, A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased [cited by applicant]
Arakawa, et al. (1997). “Expression of cholera toxin B subunit oligomers in transgenic potato plants,” Transgenic Research, vol. 6, pp. 403-413. [cited by applicant]
Aspord, C. Thivolet. Nasal administration of CTB-insulin induces active tolerance against autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Clin Exp Immunol 130. 204-211 (2002). [cited by applicant]
Baldauf, et al., “Cholera toxin B: one subunit with many pharmaceutical applications,” Toxins (Basel) 7, 974-996 (2015). [cited by applicant]
S. Baindur-Hudson, A L. Edkins, G. L. Blatch, Hsp70/Hsp90 organising protein (hop): beyond interactions with chaperones and prion proteins. Subcell Biochem 78, 69-90 (2015). [cited by applicant]
P. Balogh, S. Katz, A. L. Kiss, “The role of endocytic pathways in TGF-beta signaling,” Pathol Oncol Res 19, 141-148 (2013). [cited by applicant]
Balzarini J., “Targeting the glycans of glycoproteins: a novel paradigm for antiviral therapy,” Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007; 5(8): 583-97. [cited by applicant]
G. Bamias, G. Kaltsa, S. D. Ladas, Cytokines in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. DiscovMed 11, 459-467 (2011). [cited by applicant]
Bezzio, F. Furfaro, R. de Franchis, G. Maconi, A. K. Asthana, S. Ardizzone. Ulcerative colitis: current pharmacotherapy and future directions. Expert Opin Pharmacother 15. 1659-1670 (2014). [cited by applicant]
P. Biancheri et al., “The role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta in modulating the immune response and fibrogenesis in the gut. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 25,” 45-55 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Boirivant M., et al., “Oral Administration of Recombinant Cholera Toxn Subunit B Inhibits IL-12-Mediated Murine Experimental (Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acide) Colitis”, The Journal ofimmunology, 166(5): 3522-2532, Mar. 1… [cited by applicant]
K. Bulut et al, Glucagon-like peptide 2 improves intestinal wound healing through induction of epithelial cell migration in vitro-evidence for a TGF-beta-mediated effect. RegulPept 111, 137-143 (2004). [cited by applicant]
V. Burkart et al, Cholera toxin B pretreatment of macrophages and monocytes diminishes their proinflammatory responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide. J Immunol 168, 1730-1737 (2002). [cited by applicant]
J. S. Chen et al., Secreted heat shock protein 90alpha induces colorectal cancer cell invasion through CD91/LRP-1 and NF-kappaB-mediated integrin alphaV expression. The Journal ofbiological chemistry 285, 25458-25466 (2… [cited by applicant]
Clemens, et al., “New-generation vaccines against cholera,” Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology 8, 701-710 (2011). [cited by applicant]
Coccia, E.M., et al., “Cholera toxin subunit B inhibits IL-12 and IFN-y production and signaling in experimental colitis and Crohn's disease”, Gut, 54(11): 1558-1564, Nov. 1, 2005. [cited by applicant]
R. Cutroneo, TGF-beta-induced fibrosis and SMAD signaling: oligo decoys as natural therapeutics for inhibition of tissue fibrosis and scarring. Wound Repair Regen 15 Suppl 1, S54-60 (2007). [cited by applicant]
J. Dabritz et al., Reprogramming of monocytes by GM-CSF contributes to regulatory immune functions during intestinal inflammation. J Immunol 194, 2424-2438 (2015). [cited by applicant]
D'Ambrosio, M. Colucci, 0. Pugliese, F. Quintieri, M. Boirivant, Cholera toxin B subunit promotes the induction of regulatory T cells by preventing human dendritic cell maturation. JLeukoc Biol 84, 661-668 (2008). [cited by applicant]
J. M. Davies, M. T. Abreu. The innate immune system and inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 50. 24-33 (2015). [cited by applicant]
P. Desreumaux, S. Ghosh, Review article: mode of action and delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid—new evidence. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 24 Suppl 1, 2-9 (2006). [cited by applicant]
A. Dieleman et al, Chronic experimental colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) is characterized by Thl and Th2 cytokines. Clin Exp Immunol 114, 385-391 (1998). [cited by applicant]
Doulberis et al, Cholera-toxin suppresses carcinogenesis in a mouse model of inflammation-driven sporadic colon cancer. Carcinogenesis 36, 280-290 (2015). [cited by applicant]
Dowdy and Wearden, Statistics for Research, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1983. [cited by applicant]
Emedicine health, https://www.emedicinehealth.com/colon_cancer_symptoms_vs ulcerative_colitis/topic-guide .htm, accessed on Dec. 18, 2019 (Year: 2019). [cited by applicant]
A. Engel, M. Khalil, M. F. Neurath, Highlights in inflammatory bowel disease-from bench to bedside. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine: CCLM / FESCC 50, 1229-1235 (2012). [cited by applicant]
Fensterle, J., et al., “Cancer immunotherapy based on recombinant [cited by applicant]
F. Furfaro, C. Bezzio, S. Ardizzone, A Massari, R. de Franchis, G. Maconi. Overview of biological therapy in ulcerative colitis: current and future directions. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 24. 203-213 (2015). [cited by applicant]
Geremia, P. Biancheri, P. Allan, G. R. Corazza, A. Di Sabatino, Innate and adaptive immunity in inflammatory bowel disease. Autoimmun Rev 13, 3-10 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Gleba et al., “Magnifection—a new platform for expressing recombinant vaccines in plants,” Vaccine. 2005; 23(17-18): 2042-8. [cited by applicant]
M. Globig et al, Comprehensive intestinal T helper cell profiling reveals specific accumulation of IFN-gamma IL-17 coproducing CD4+ T cells in active inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 20, 2321-2329 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Gloudemans et al., “The mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin B instructs non-mucosal dendritic cells to promote IgA production via retinoic acid and TGF-bcta,” PLoS One 8, c59822 (2013). [cited by applicant]
Gonzalez, et al., “Signaling mechanisms of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition,” Science signaling 7, re8 (2014). [cited by applicant]
M. Gross, T. Jvi. Salame, S. Jung. Guardians of the Gut—Murine Intestinal Macrophages and Dendritic Cells. Frontiers in immunology 6. 254 (2015). [cited by applicant]
Guo et al., “Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of the epitope vaccine CTB-UA against Helicobacter pylori infection in a BALB/c mice model,” Applied microbiology and biotechnology 95, 1437-1444 (2012). [cited by applicant]
F. Gutierrez-Orozco et al, Intestinal microbial dysbiosis and colonic epithelial cell hyperproliferation by dietary alpha-mangostin is independent of mouse strain. Nutrients 7, 764-784 (2015). [cited by applicant]
Hameedaldeen, J. Liu, A. Batres, G. S. Graves, D. T. Graves, FOXO1, TGF-beta regulation and wound healing. International journal of molecular sciences 15, 16257-16269 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Holmgren et al., “Mucosa! adjuvants and anti-infection and anti-immunopathology vaccines based on cholera toxin, cholera toxin B subunit and CpG DNA,” Immunology letters 97, 181-188 (2005). [cited by applicant]
Immobilized Cells And Enzymes, IRL Press, 1986. [cited by applicant]
Irache JM, et al., “Mannose-targeted systems for the delivery of therapeutics,” Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2008; 5(6): 703-24. [cited by applicant]
A. Irizarry, B. Hobbs, F. Collin, Y. D. Beazer-Barclay, K. J. Antonellis, U. Scherf, T. P. Speed. Exploration, normalization, and summaries of high density oligonucleotide array probe level data. Biostatistics 4. 249-26… [cited by applicant]
G. Jego, A Hazoume, R. Seigneuric, C. Garrido, Targeting heat shock proteins in cancer. Cancer Lett 332, 275-285 (2013). [cited by applicant]
Jelinek, et al., “Vaccination with Dukoral against travelers' diarrhea (ETEC) and cholera,” Expert Rev Vaccines 7, 561-567 (2008). [cited by applicant]
Jiang et al (Transgenic Res., 2007, 16:169-175) (Year: 2007). [cited by applicant]
Y. L. Jones-Hall, M. B. Grisham. Immunopathological characterization of selected mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease: Comparison to human disease. Pathophysiology 21. 267-288 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Y. Jung, M. E. Rothenberg, Roles and regulation of gastrointestinal eosinophils in immunity and disease. J Immunol 193, 999-1005 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Kang et al (Molecular Breeding, 2004, 13:143-153). [cited by applicant]
M. Kaplan, B. B. Mentes, E. Tatlicioglu, B. Kayhan, C. Aybay, Effect of mucosal immunomodulation with fed cholera toxin on healing of experimental colonic anastomosis. Discases of the colon and rectum 45, 819-825 (2002). [cited by applicant]
K. Karlinger, T. Gyorke, E. Mako, A. Mester, Z. Tarjan, The epidemiology and the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. European journal of radiology 35, 154-167 (2000). [cited by applicant]
T. Kayashima et al., Consumption of vitamin B6 reduces colonic damage and protein expression ofHSP70 and HO-1, the anti-tumor targets, in rats exposed to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Oncol Lett 2, 1243-1246 (2011). [cited by applicant]
Keler T, et al., “Mannose receptor-targeted vaccines,” Expert opinion on biological therapy. 2004; 4(12): 1953-62. [cited by applicant]
V. Khattar, J. Fried, B. Xu, J. V. Thottassery, Cksl proteasomal degradation is induced by inhibiting Hsp90-mediated chaperoning in cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 75, 411-420 (2015). [cited by applicant]
Kiesler, I. J. Fuss, W. Strober. Experimental Models of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 1. 154-170 (2015). [cited by applicant]
P.H. Kim, L. Eckmann, W. J. Lee, W. Han, M. F. Kagnoff, Cholera toxin and cholera toxin B subunit induce IgA switching through the action of TGF-beta 1. J Immunol 160, 1198-1203 (1998). [cited by applicant]
Kothary, et al., “Purification and characterization of a Chinese hamster ovary cell elongation factor of Vibrio hollisae,” Infection and immunity 63, 2418-2423 (1995). [cited by applicant]
D. C. Lacey et al, Defining GM-CSF- and macrophage-CSP-dependent macrophage responses by in vitro models. J Immunol 188, 5752-5765 (2012). [cited by applicant]
G. Latella, C. Papi, Crucial steps in the natural history of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 18, 3790-3799 (2012). [cited by applicant]
Lebens, M., et al., “Synthesis of Hybrid Molecules between Heat-Labile Enterotoxin and Cholera Toxins B Subunits: Potential for Use in a Broad-Spectrum Vaccine”, Infection and Immunity, Jun. 1996, 64(6); 2144-2150. [cited by applicant]
G. D. Lianos et al, The role of heat shock proteins in cancer. Cancer Lett 360, 114-118 (2015). [cited by applicant]
W. Liu et al, A novel benzo[d]imidazole derivate prevents the development of dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine experimental colitis via inhibition ofLRP3 inflammasome. Biochem Pharmacol 85, 1504-1512 (2013). [cited by applicant]
T. Lysakova-Devine, C. O'Farrelly. Tissue-specific NK cell populations and their origin. JLeukoc Biol 96. 981-990 (2014). [cited by applicant]
D. Ma, D. Wolvers, A. M. Stanisz, J. Bienenstock. Interleukin-IO and nerve growth factor have reciprocal upregulatory effects on intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol ' 284. R1323-1329 (200… [cited by applicant]
Marillonnet S, et al., “In planta engineering of viral RNA replicons: efficient assembly by recombination of DNA modules delivered by Agrobacterium,” Proc Natl Acad Sci US A. 2004; 101(18): 6852-7. [cited by applicant]
Matoba N,, et al., “A mucosally targeted subunit vaccine candidate eliciting HIV-I transcytosis-blocking Abs,” Proc Natl Acad Sci US A. 2004; 101(37): 13584-9. [cited by applicant]
Matoba N, et al., “Transcytosis-blocking Abs clicited by an oligomeric immunogen based on the membrane proximal region of HIV-I gp41 target non-neutralizing epitopes,” Curr HIV Res. 2008; 6(3): 218-29. [cited by applicant]
Matoba N, et al., “Recombinant Protein Expression in Nicotiana,” Methods Mol Biol. 2011; 701: 199-219. [cited by applicant]
Matoba N, et al., “Humoral immune responses by prime-boost heterologous route immunizations with CTB-MPR(649-684), a mucosal subunit HIV/AIDS vaccine candidate,” Vaccine. 2006; 24(23): 5047-55. [cited by applicant]
Matoba N, et al., “Biochemical and immunological characterization of the plant-derived candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mucosal vaccine CTB-MPR(649-684),”. Plant Biotechnol J. 2009; 7(2): 129-45. [cited by applicant]
Matos, AF. Bento, R. Marcon, R. F. Claudino, J.B. Calixto, Preventive and therapeutic oral administration of the pentacyclic triterpene alpha,beta-amyrin ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice: the r… [cited by applicant]
Mikschofsky, et al. (2009). “Cholera toxin B (CTB) is functional as an adjuvant for cytoplasmic proteins if directed to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but not to the cytoplasm of plants,” Plant Science, vol. 177, pp. 3… [cited by applicant]
Mishra et al (Journal of Biotechnology, 2006, 127(1 ): 95-108). [cited by applicant]
G. Monteleone, R. Caruso, F. Pallone, Targets for new immunomodulation strategies in inflammatory bowel disease. Autoimmun Rev 13, 11-14 (2014). [cited by applicant]
P. Munkholm, Review article: the incidence and prevalence of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 18 Suppl 2, 1-5 (2003). [cited by applicant]
M. F. Neurath. New targets for mucosal healing and therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases. Mucosal Immunol 7. 6-19 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Ordas, I, Eckmann, L., Talamini, M., Baumgart, DC, & Sandborn, WJ. Ulcerative Colitis. Lancet. 380(9853), 1606-19 (2012). [cited by applicant]
H. Oshima, M. Nakayama, T. S. Han, K. Naoi, X. Ju, Y. Maeda, S. Robine, K. Tsuchiya, T. Sato, H. Sato, 1\tI. M. Taketo, M. Oshima. Suppressing TGFbeta signaling in regenerating epithelia in an inflammatory microenvironm… [cited by applicant]
A Phipps, M. R. Stanford, J.B. Sun, B. G. Xiao, J. Holmgren, T. Shinnick, A Hasan, Y. Mizushima, T. Lehner. Prevention of mucosally induced uveitis with a HSP60-derived peptide linked to cholera toxin B subunit. Eur J I… [cited by applicant]
J. E. Qualls, H. Tuna, A. M. Kaplan, D. A Cohen. Suppression of experimental colitis in mice by CDI lc+ dendritic cells. Inflamm Bowel Dis 15 236-247 (2009). [cited by applicant]
E. Ruckova, P. JVIuller, R. Nenutil, B. Vojtesek. Alterations of the Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone and the HOP/CHIP co-chaperone system in cancer. Cell Mol Biol Lett 17. 446-458 (2012). [cited by applicant]
Sanchez, et al., “Cholera toxin structure, gene regulation and pathophysiological and immunological aspects,” Cell Mo! Life Sci 65, 1347-1360 (2008). [cited by applicant]
Sheng KC, et al., “Delivery of antigen using a novel mannosylated dendrimer potentiates immunogenicity in vitro and in vivo,” Eur J Immunol. 2008; 38(2): 424-36. [cited by applicant]
R. Siegel, D. Naishadham, A. Jemal, Cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin 62, 10-29 (2012). [cited by applicant]
M. H. Zaki, M. Lamkanfi, T. D. Kanneganti, The Nlrp3 inflammasome: contributions to intestinal homeostasis. Trends Immunol 32, 171-179 (2011). [cited by applicant]
H. H. Smits et al., Cholera toxin B suppresses allergic inflammation through induction of secretory IgA. Mucosal Immunol 2, 331-339 (2009). [cited by applicant]
Sola et al (Biodrugs, 2010, 24(1): 9-21) (Year: 2010). [cited by applicant]
M. Stahle-Backdahl, J. Maim, B. Veress, C. Benoni, K. Bruce, A Egesten. Increased presence of eosinophilic granulocytes expressing transforming growth factor-beta! in collagenous colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 35. 742-7… [cited by applicant]
Stal, P., et al., “Clinical trial: the safety and short-term efficacy of recombinant cholera toxin B subunit in the treatment of active Crohns' disease”, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 31:3 387-395, Feb. 1, 201… [cited by applicant]
Stanford et al., “Oral tolerization with peptide 336-351 linked to cholera toxin B subunit in preventing relapses ofuveitis in Behcet's disease,” Clin Exp Immunol 137, 201-208 (2004). [cited by applicant]
Sturm, AU. Dignass, Epithelial restitution and wound healing in inflammatory bowel discasc. World J Gastroenterol 14, 348-353 (2008). [cited by applicant]
Sun, et al., “Mucosally induced immunological tolerance, regulatory T cells and the adjuvant effect by cholera toxin B subunit,” Scand J Immunol 71, 1-11 (2010). [cited by applicant]
J.B. Sun, B. G. Xiao, M. Lindblad, B. L. Li, H. Link, C. Czerkinsky, J. Holmgren. Oral administration of cholera toxin B subunit conjugated to myelin basic protein protects against experimental autoimmune encephalomyeli… [cited by applicant]
J.B. Sun, B. L. Li, C. Czerkinsky, J. Holmgren. Enhanced immunological tolerance against allograft rejection by oral administration of allogeneic antigen linked to cholera toxin B subunit. Clin Immunol 91. 130-139 (2000… [cited by applicant]
K. Suzuki, X. Sun, M. Nagata, T. Kawase, H. Yamaguchi, V. Sukumaran, Y. Kawauchi, H. Kawachi, T. Nishino, K. Watanabe, H. Yoneyama, H. Asakura. Analysis of intestinal fibrosis in chronic colitis in mice induced by dextr… [cited by applicant]
B. P. Vaughn, S. Shah, AS. Cheifetz. The role of mucosal healing in the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 12. 103-117 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Y. Wang et al, Tumor-derived GM-CSF promotes inflammatory colon carcinogenesis via stimulating epithelial release of VEGF. Cancer Res 74, 716-726 (2014). [cited by applicant]
N. A Williams, T. R. Hirst, T. 0. Nashar, Immune modulation by the cholera-like enterotoxins: from adjuvant to therapeutic. Immunology today 20, 95-101 (1999). [cited by applicant]
N. A Williams, Immune modulation by the cholera-like enterotoxin B-subunits: from adjuvant to immunotherapeutic. International journal of medical microbiology: IJMM 290, 447-453 (2000). [cited by applicant]
S. Wirtz, C. Neufert, B. Weigmann, M. F. Neurath, Chemically induced mouse models of intestinal inflammation. Nature protocols 2, 541-546 (2007). [cited by applicant]
Yue, Z. Shen, C.H. Yu, H. Ye, Y. M. Li, The therapeutic role of oral tolerance in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via Thl-Th2 balance and gammadelta T cells. Journal of digestive diseases 14, 543-551 (2013). [cited by applicant]
Yuki et al., “Oral MucoRice expressing double-mutant cholera toxin A and B subunits induces toxin-specific neutralizing immunity”, Vaccine, 2009; 27: 5982-5988 (Year: 2009). [cited by applicant]
Zhang et al., “The 2.4 A crystal structure of cholera toxin B subunit pentamer: choleragenoid,” Journal of molecular biology 251, 550-562 (1995). [cited by applicant]
GENBANK® accession No. P27932; Retrieved Jul. 29, 2021. [cited by applicant]
GENBANK® accession No. Z71395; Retrieved Jul. 28, 2021. [cited by applicant]
GENBANK® accession No. P48978; Retrieved Jul. 28, 2021. [cited by applicant]
GENBANK® accession No. CAX51374; Retrieved Jul. 28, 2021. [cited by applicant]
GENBANK® Accession No. AY475128; Retrieved Jul. 28, 2021. [cited by applicant]
GENBANK® Accession No. AAC60441; Retrieved Jul. 28, 2021. [cited by applicant]
GENBANK® accession No. U25679, nucleotide 1 to 63; Retrieved Jul. 28, 2021. [cited by applicant]
Sigma-Aldrich #G-7641; Retrieved Jul. 28, 2021. [cited by applicant]
Sigma-Aldrich, #C9903; Retrieved Jul. 28, 2021. [cited by applicant]
Clontech No. 635670; Retrieved Jul. 28, 2021. [cited by applicant]
List Biological Laboratories# 703; Retrieved Jul. 29, 2021. [cited by applicant]
Tris Glycine gels (Catalog No. 58510); Retrieved Jul. 28, 2021. [cited by applicant]
Sigma, Catalog No. A5420; Retrieved Jul. 28, 2021. [cited by applicant]
TMB Super Sensitive HRP Substrate, BioFX Laboratories# TMBS-1000-01 (Jan. 22, 2007). [cited by applicant]
Dulbecco's PBS (Gibco No. 14190); 1954. [cited by applicant]
Cayman Chemical Company No. 10009437; Retrieved Jul. 28, 2021. [cited by applicant]
New England BioLabs (Catalog No. P0703S); Retrieved Jul. 28, 2021. [cited by applicant]
New England BioLabs (Catalog No. P0704S); Retrieved Jul. 28, 2021. [cited by applicant]
ISA/KR. International Preliminary Report on Patentability and Written Opinion issued in related international application No. PCT/US2012/029072, issued Sep. 17, 2013. [cited by applicant]
ISA/KR, International Search Report issued in related international application No. PCT/US2012/029072, mailed Sep. 24, 2012. [cited by applicant]
Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/005,388, “Polypeptides Having Immunoactivating Activity And Methods Of Producing The Same” dated Dec. 19, 2016. [cited by applicant]
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/005,388, “Polypeptides Having Immunoactivating Activity And Methods Of Producing The Same” dated Apr. 7, 2017. [cited by applicant]
Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/005,388, “Polypeptides Having Immunoactivating Activity And Methods Of Producing The Same” dated Jan. 25, 2018. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/005,388, “Polypeptides Having Immunoactivating Activity And Methods Of Producing The Same” dated Aug. 9, 2018. [cited by applicant]
Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/201,585, “Polypeptides Having Immunoactivating Activity And Methods Of Producing The Same,” dated Apr. 29, 2021. [cited by applicant]
Supplemental European Search Report for EP Application No. 16818658, “Compositions And Methods For Treating Cancer And Promoting Wound Healing”, dated Dec. 19, 2018. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US2016/040041, entitled “Compositions And Methods For Treating Cancer And Promoting Wound Healing,” consisting of 4 pages. Date of Ma… [cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US2016/040041, entitled “Compositions And Methods For Treating Cancer And Promoting Wound Healing,” Date of Mai… [cited by applicant]
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/740,622, entitled “Compositions And Methods For Treating Cancer And Promoting Wound Healing,” dated May 13, 2019. [cited by applicant]
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/740,622, entitled “Compositions And JVIethods For Treating Cancer And Promoting Wound Healing,” dated Dec. 26, 2019. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/740,622, entitled “Compositions And Methods For Treating Cancer And Promoting Wound Healing,” dated Apr. 3, 2020. [cited by applicant]
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/201,585, entitled “Polypeptides Having Immunoactivating Activity And Methods Of Producing The Same,” dated Nov. 12, 2021. [cited by applicant]
2012. Global report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic { 2012. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. [cited by applicant]
Abdool Karim Q, et al. 2010. Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral microbicide, for the prevention of HIV infection in women. Science 329:1168-1174. [cited by applicant]
Abela IA, et al. 2012. Cell-cell transmission enables HIV-1 to evade inhibition by potent CD4bs directed antibodies. PLoS Pathog. 8:e1002634. [cited by applicant]
Alexandre KB, et al. 2011. Binding of the Mannose-Specific Lectin, Griffithsin, to HIV-1 gp120 Exposes the CD4-Binding Site. J. Virol. 85:9039-9050. [cited by applicant]
Blish CA, et al. 2009. Cross-subtype neutralization sensitivity despite monoclonal antibody resistance among early subtype A, C, and D envelope variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 83:7783-7788. [cited by applicant]
Bosch D, et al. 2010. Plant glycans: friend or foe in vaccine development? Expert Rev. Vaccines 9:835-842. [cited by applicant]
Buckheit KW, et al. 2012. Factors Important to the Prioritization and Development of Successful Topical Microbicides for HIV-1. Mol. Biol. Int. 2012:781305. doi:10.1155/2012/781305. [cited by applicant]
Burton DR, et al. 2011. Limited or no protection by weakly or nonneutralizing antibodies against vaginal SHIV challenge of macaques compared with a strongly neutralizing antibody. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108:11181… [cited by applicant]
Castilho A,et al. 2011. Rapid high yield production of different glycoforms of Ebola virus monoclonal antibody. PLoS One 6:e26040. [cited by applicant]
Clapham PR, Lu S., Vaccinology: Precisely tuned antibodies nab HIV, Nature. Sep. 21, 2011, 416-17 and supplementary information, 477(7365). [cited by applicant]
Deng H, et al. 1996. Identification of a major co-receptor for primary isolates of HIV-1. Nature 381:661-666. [cited by applicant]
Diskin R, et al. 2011. Increasing the potency and breadth of an HIV antibody by using structure-based rational design. Science 334:1289-1293. [cited by applicant]
Fields J, et a., (1960) “Synthetic polyelectrolyte4s as tumour inhibitors” Nature 186: 778-780. [cited by applicant]
Forthal DN, et al. 2009. Fc receptor-mediated antiviral antibodies. Cur. Opin. HIV AIDS 4:388-393. [cited by applicant]
Forthal DN, et al. 2010. Fc-glycosylation influences Fcgamma receptor binding and cell-mediated anti-HIV activity of monoclonal antibody 2G12. J. Immunol. 185:6876-6882. [cited by applicant]
GenBank Accession No. CAA00098.1 (published Dec. 2005). [cited by applicant]
GenBankAccession No. AAD51360.1 (published Nov. 1999). [cited by applicant]
Giritch A, et al. 2006. Rapid high-yield expression of full-size IgG antibodies in plants coinfected with noncompeting viral vectors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103:14701-14706. [cited by applicant]
Goodin et al. “Nicotiana benthamiana: Its History and Future as a Model for Plant—Pathogen Interactions”, Mol. Plant-Micobe Interact. 2008; 21(9): 1015-1026. [cited by applicant]
Hessell AJ, et al. 2007. Fc receptor but not complement binding is important in antibody protection against HIV. Mature 449:101-104. [cited by applicant]
Hessell AJ, et al. 2009. Broadly neutralizing human anti-HIV antibody 2G12 is effective in protection against mucosal SHIV challenge even at low serum neutralizing titers. PLoS Pathog. 5:e1000433. [cited by applicant]
Hessell AJ, et al. 2010. Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies 2F5 and 4E10, Directed Against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) gp41 Membrane Proximal External Region (MPER), Protect Against SHIVBa-L … [cited by applicant]
Holmes D. 2012. FDA treads carefully with PrEP. Lancet Infect. Dis. 12:515-516. [cited by applicant]
Hong, Li , et al. (1996). “Immunocytochemical Characterization of CD44 Molecules Expressed in Human Brain Metastases.” Pharmeuropa. vol. 8, No. 2. [cited by applicant]
Huang J, et al. Broad and potent neutralization of HIV-1 by a gp41-specific human antibody. Nature 2012 491:406-412. [cited by applicant]
Huang Z, et al. 2009. High-level rapid production of full-size monoclonal antibodies in plants by a single-vector DNA replicon system. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 106:9-17. [cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/015861, mailed on Aug. 20, 2015, 30 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/015861, mailed on May 24, 2014, 17 pages. [cited by applicant]
J. B. Sun, C. Czerkinsky, J. Holmgren. B Lymphocytes Treated In Vitro with Antigen Coupled to Cholera Toxin B Subunit Induce Antigen-Specific Foxp3(+) Regulatory T Cells and Protect against Experimental Autoimmune Encep… [cited by applicant]
Jin C, et al. 2008. A plant-derived human monoclonal antibody induces an anti-carbohydrate immune response in rabbits. Glycobiology 18:235-241. [cited by applicant]
Kinal H, et al. 1995. Processing and secretion of a virally encoded antifungal toxin in transgenic tobacco plants: evidence for a Kex2p pathway in plants. Plant Cell 7:677-688. [cited by applicant]
Klein F, et al. 2012. HIV therapy by a combination of broadly neutralizing antibodies in humanized mice. Nature 492:118-122. [cited by applicant]
Klinman et al., (1996). “Cpg motifs present in bacterial DNA rapidly induce lymphocytes to secrete interleukin 6, interleukion 12, and interferon ⋅. ” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 93:2879-2883. WO98/16247. [cited by applicant]
Ko, Brodzik, & Steplewski, Production of Antibodies in Plants: Approaches and Perspectives. A.V. Karasev (ed.) Plant-produced Microbial Vaccines. 55, Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 332 @ Springer-Verlag B… [cited by applicant]
Korean Intellectual Property Office, International Search Report issued in corresponding Application No. PCT/US2014/015861, dated May 28, 2014. [cited by applicant]
Kouokam JC, et al. 2011. Investigation of griffithsin's interactions with human cells confirms its outstanding safety and efficacy profile as a microbicide candidate. PLoS One 6:e22635. [cited by applicant]
Landau NR, et al. 1992. Packaging system for rapid production of murine leukemia virus vectors with variable tropism. J. Virol. 66:5110-5113. [cited by applicant]
Li M, et al. 2006. Genetic and Neutralization Properties of Acute and Early Subtype C Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Molecular env Clones from Heterosexually Acquired Infections in Southern Africa. J. Virol. 80:117… [cited by applicant]
Ma JK, et al. 2003. The production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins in plants. Nat. Rev. Genet. 4:794-805. [cited by applicant]
Macklin R, et al. 2012. Given financial constraints, it would be unethical to divert antiretroviral drugs from treatment to prevention. Health Aff. 31:1537-1544. [cited by applicant]
Marillonnet S, et al. 2005. Systemic Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transfection of viral replicons for efficient transient expression in plants. Nat. Biotechnol. 23:718-723. [cited by applicant]
Matoba N, et al. 2010. HIV-1 neutralization profile and plant-based recombinant expression of actinohivin, an Envglycan-specific lectin devoid of T-cell mitogenic activity. PLoS One 5:e11143. [cited by applicant]
Mcgowan I. 2010. Microbicides for HIV prevention: reality or hope? Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 23:26-31. [cited by applicant]
Moldt B, et al. 2012. Highly potent HIV-specific antibody neutralization in vitro translates into effective protection against mucosal SHIV challenge in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109:18921-18925. [cited by applicant]
Monel B, et al. 2012. HIV cell-to-cell transmission requires the production of infectious virus particles and does not proceed through env-mediated fusion pores. J. Virol. 86:3924-3933. [cited by applicant]
Muynck et al. “Production of antibodies in plants: status after twenty years”, Plant Biotech. J. 2010; 8: 529-563. [cited by applicant]
NCBI, GenBank accession No. CAA00066.1 (Dec. 1, 2005). [cited by applicant]
Neff CP, et al. 2011. A topical microbicide gel formulation of CCR5 antagonist maraviroc prevents HIV-1 vaginal transmission in humanized RAG-hu mice. PLoS One 6:e20209. [cited by applicant]
O'Keefe BR, et al. 2009. Scaleable manufacture of HIV-1 entry inhibitor griffithsin and validation of its safety and efficacy as a topical microbicide component. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106:6099-6104. [cited by applicant]
Parrish NF, et al. 2012. Transmitted/founder and chronic subtype C HIV-1 use CD4 and CCR5 receptors with equal efficiency and are not inhibited by blocking the integrin alpha4beta7. PLoS Pathog. 8:e1002686. [cited by applicant]
PCT International Preliminary Report on Patentability for International Application No. PCT/US2012/029072, entitled “Polypeptides Having Immunoactivating Activity and Methods of Producing the Same,” mailed on Sep. 17, 2… [cited by applicant]
PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US2012/029072, entitled “Polypeptides Having Immunoactivating Activity and Methods of Producing the Same,” mailed on Sep. 24, 201… [cited by applicant]
Pirrone V, et al. 2011. Combinatorial approaches to the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 55:1831-1842. [cited by applicant]
Pogue GP, et al. 2010. Production of pharmaceutical-grade recombinant aprotinin and a monoclonal antibody product using plant-based transient expression systems. Plant Biotechnol. J. 8:638-654. [cited by applicant]
Provine NM, et al. 2012. The neutralization sensitivity of viruses representing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants of diverse subtypes from early in infection is dependent on producer cell, as well as characte… [cited by applicant]
Robinson HL. 2012. Non-neutralizing antibodies in prevention of HIV infection. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 13:197-207. [cited by applicant]
Sainsbury F, et al. 2009. pEAQ: versatile expression vectors for easy and quick transient expression of heterologous proteins in plants. Plant Biotechnol. J. 7:682-693. [cited by applicant]
Sattentau Q. 2008. Avoiding the void: cell-to-cell spread of human viruses. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 6:815-826. [cited by applicant]
Selhorst P, et al. 2012. In vitro activities of candidate microbicides against cell-associated HIV. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 56:805-815. [cited by applicant]
Strasser R, et al. 2008. Generation of glyco-engineered Nicotiana benthamiana for the production of monoclonal antibodies with a homogeneous human-like N-glycan structure. Plant Biotechnol. J. 6:392-402. [cited by applicant]
Throsby M, et al. 2008. Heterosubtypic neutralizing monoclonal antibodies cross-protective against H5N1 and H1N1 recovered from human IgM+ memory B cells. PLoS One 3:e3942. [cited by applicant]
Van Damme L, et al. 2012. Current status of topical antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS 6:520-525. [cited by applicant]
Veazey RS, et al. 2003. Prevention of virus transmission to macaque monkeys by a vaginally applied monoclonal antibody to HIV-1 gp120. Nat. Med. 9:343-346. [cited by applicant]
Veselinovic M, et al. 2012. Topical gel formulation of broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody VRC01 confers protection against HIV-1 vaginal challenge in a humanized mouse model. Virology 432:505-510. [cited by applicant]
Vezina LP, et al. 2009. Transient co-expression for fast and high-yield production of antibodies with human-like N-glycans in plants. Plant Biotechnol. J. 7:442-455. [cited by applicant]
Walker LM, et al. 2011. Broad neutralization coverage of HIV by multiple highly potent antibodies. Nature 477:466-470. [cited by applicant]
Watkins JD, et al. 2011. An anti-HIV-1 V3 loop antibody fully protects cross-clade and elicits T-cell immunity in macaques mucosally challenged with an R5 clade C SHIV. PLoS One 6:e18207. [cited by applicant]
Wilen CB, et al. 2011. Phenotypic and immunologic comparison of clade B transmitted/founder and chronic HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. J. Virol. 85:8514-8527. [cited by applicant]
Wu X, et al. 2010. Rational design of envelope identifies broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to HIV-1. Science 329:856-861. [cited by applicant]
Wu X, et al. 2012. Selection Pressure on HIV-1 Envelope by Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies to the Conserved CD4-Binding Site. J. Virol. 86:5844-5856. [cited by applicant]
Zeitlin L, et al. 2011. Enhanced potency of a fucose-free monoclonal antibody being developed as an Ebola virus immunoprotectant. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108:20690-20694. [cited by applicant]
Zhang B, et al. 2011. Coordinate expression of multiple proteins in plant cells by exploiting endogenous kex2p-like protease activity. Plant Biotechnol. J. 9:970-981. [cited by applicant]
Zhang PF, et al. 1999. Primary virus envelope cross-reactivity of the broadening neutralizing antibody response during early chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J. Virol. 73:5225-5230. [cited by applicant]