System and method for real-time drilling fluids pH measuring utilizing electrolyte insulator semiconductor field-effect sensors
Systems and methods for measuring pH of a drilling fluid in a downhole drilling environment are disclosed. The system includes wireless pH sensing devices dispersed in the drilling fluid and circulated through a borehole. The wireless pH sensing devices include a capsule shell for protecting internal electronics from harsh downhole conditions. The electronics include an electrolyte insulator semiconductor field-effect (EIS) pH sensor structure, a controller, RF communications unit and power supply. The pH sensing devices periodically measure the pH of the fluid while circulating through the borehole. Upon return of the sensors above ground, the pH measurements are wirelessly provided to a monitoring computer, prior to recirculating the sensors through the borehole.
1. A system configured to measure pH of a water-based mud (WBM) drilling fluid in real-time in a downhole drilling environment, the system comprising:
a wireless pH sensing device configured to be deposited in the WBM and measure the pH of the WBM drilling fluid, the wireless pH sensing device including:
a capsule shell, wherein the capsule shell is composed of a functional polymer that is sensitive to pH change and wherein the functional polymer is vinyl-benzyl chloride-co-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl acrylate (VBC-TCPA),
a pH sensor of a type having an electrolyte insulator semiconductor field-effect (EIS) structure,
a controller operatively connected to the pH sensor and configured to measure the pH of the WBM drilling fluid using the EIS pH sensor,
a radio-frequency (RF) communications unit operatively connected to the controller and configured to wirelessly transmit the measured pH to a remote monitoring computer, and
an energy unit for powering the controller, the RF communications unit and the pH sensor, and
wherein the controller, the RF communications unit, the pH sensor and the energy unit are encapsulated within the capsule shell, and wherein the capsule shell is made of a material that resists degradation from chemicals, temperatures and pressures of the downhole drilling environment,
wherein the EIS pH sensor comprises:
a semiconductor substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate comprises Iridium oxide (IrOx),
a metal oxide insulator layer disposed over a first surface of the semiconductor substrate, wherein an outer surface of the insulator layer is exposed through the capsule shell and thereby is in contact with the WBM drilling fluid during use, and separates the WBM drilling fluid from the semiconductor substrate,
a rear-side electrical contact provided at a second surface of the semiconductor substrate that is opposite to the first surface of the semiconductor substrate, and
a reference electrode exposed to the WBM drilling fluid through the capsule shell, wherein the controller is configured to apply a gate voltage between the reference electrode and the rear-side electrical contact and an alternating voltage, and measure one or more electrical parameters representing the pH of the WBM drilling fluid, wherein the reference electrode is an ionic conducting ceramic.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electrical parameters are selected from the group consisting of: a potential change at an interface between the drilling fluid and the insulator layer, a capacitance, and a capacitance voltage curve, and wherein the controller is configured to calculate the pH as a function of the measured one or more electrical parameters.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the RF communications unit is configured for short-range wireless data transfer.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to periodically measure the pH of the WBM drilling fluid during circulation of the wireless pH sensing device with the WBM drilling fluid through the downhole drilling environment, thereby measuring the pH at a plurality of locations within the downhole drilling environment, respectively.
5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of the wireless pH sensing device.
6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a monitoring computer provided above ground, wherein the monitoring computer is configured to wirelessly receive the respective pH measurements from the wireless pH sensing device.
7. A system configured to measure pH of a water-based mud (WBM) drilling fluid in real-time in a downhole drilling environment, the system comprising:
a plurality of wireless pH sensing devices configured to be dispersed in the WBM drilling fluid and measure the pH of the WBM drilling fluid during circulation of the WBM drilling fluid through the downhole drilling environment, each of the wireless pH sensing devices including:
a capsule shell, wherein the capsule shell is composed of a functional polymer that is sensitive to pH change and wherein the functional polymer is vinyl-benzyl chloride-co-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl acrylate (VBC-TCPA),
a pH sensor of a type having an electrolyte insulator semiconductor field-effect (EIS) structure, wherein the EIS pH sensor comprises:
a semiconductor substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate comprises Iridium oxide (IrOx),
a metal oxide insulator layer disposed over a first surface of the semiconductor substrate, wherein an outer surface of the insulator layer is exposed through the capsule shell and thereby is in contact with the WBM drilling fluid during use, and separates the WBM drilling fluid from the semiconductor substrate,
a rear-side electrical contact provided at a second surface of the semiconductor substrate that is opposite to the first surface of the semiconductor substrate, and
a reference electrode exposed to the WBM drilling fluid through the capsule shell, wherein the reference electrode is an ionic conducting ceramic,
a controller operatively connected to the pH sensor, wherein the controller is configured to apply a gate voltage between the reference electrode and the rear-side electrical contact and an alternating voltage, and periodically measure one or more electrical parameters representing the pH of the WBM drilling fluid during circulation of the wireless pH sensing device through the downhole drilling environment, thereby capturing a respective pH measurement at a plurality of locations within the downhole drilling environment,
a radio-frequency (RF) communications unit operatively connected to the controller and configured to wirelessly transmit the measured pH to a remote monitoring computer,
an energy unit for powering the controller, the RF communications unit and the pH sensor, and wherein the controller, the RF communications unit, the pH sensor and the energy unit are encapsulated within the capsule shell, and wherein the capsule shell is made of a material that resists degradation from chemicals, temperatures and pressures of the downhole drilling environment, and
a monitoring computer provided above ground, wherein the monitoring computer is configured to wirelessly receive the pH measurement respectively captured by the plurality of wireless pH sensing devices upon the plurality of wireless pH sensing devices returning above ground.