Electrophotographic member and electrophotographic image forming apparatus
An electrophotographic member includes a base layer and an elastic layer on the base layer, wherein the elastic layer includes a matrix rubber, an ionic liquid including an anion and a cation, and an inorganic layered double hydroxide compound, wherein the anion is at least one selected from the group consisting of structural formulae (1) to (3), the cation is at least one selected from the group consisting of structural formulae (4) to (7), and the inorganic layered double hydroxide compound has an average value of interlayer distances of 4 Å or larger and 8 Å or smaller, which are measured by XRD.
1. An electrophotographic member comprising a base layer and an elastic layer on the base layer, wherein
the elastic layer comprises a rubber mixture comprising rubber as a matrix, an anion, a cation, and an inorganic layered double hydroxide compound, wherein
the anion is at least one selected from the group consisting of structural formulae (1) to (3),
the cation is at least one selected from the group consisting of structural formulae (4) to (7), and
the inorganic layered double hydroxide compound has an average value of interlayer distances of 4 Å or larger and 8 Å or smaller, which are measured by XRD:
(wherein in structural formula (3), X represents a halogen element;)
(wherein in structural formulae (4) and (5), R 1 to R 4 each independently represent an alkyl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group or a carboxyl group;)
(wherein in structural formulae (6) and (7), R 5 to R 7 each independently represent an alkyl group having 4 to 16 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 4 to 16 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group or a carboxyl group; R 8 to R 10 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms;
R 11 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, which optionally has a substituent; the alkylene group optionally has a structure through a group selected from the group consisting of -Ph-, —O—, —C(═O)—, —C(═O)—O—, and —C(═O)—NR— (where R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms); and
m represents an integer of 1 or more and 16 or less.).
2. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic layered double hydroxide compound is represented by the following chemical formula:
M 2+ (1−X) M 3+ X (OH) 2 A n− (X/n) ·mH 2 O
(wherein 0<X≤0.5, m≤0, M 2+ ; divalent metal ion, M 3+ ; trivalent metal ion, A n− ; n-valent anion, and n represents an integer of 1 or more.).
3. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the rubber is a silicone rubber.
4. The electrophotographic member according to claim 3 , wherein the elastic layer is a cured product of an addition cure liquid silicone rubber mixture comprising an addition cure liquid silicone rubber, an ionic liquid comprising the anion and the cation, and the inorganic layered double hydroxide compound.
5. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the inorganic layered double hydroxide compound is 0.05 parts by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber.
6. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein a total amount of the anion and the cation is 0.01 parts by mass or more and 12 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber.
7. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the rubber mixture further comprises hydrophilic silica.
8. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the base layer is a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin.
9. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the electrophotographic member is a belt for electrophotography having an endless belt shape.
10. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the elastic layer substantially does not contain other anions that are not captured by the inorganic layered double hydroxide compound.
11. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the elastic layer substantially does not contain other cations that are captured by the inorganic layered double hydroxide compound.
12. An electrophotographic image forming apparatus comprising an intermediate transfer member, wherein
the intermediate transfer member is an electrophotographic member, wherein
the electrophotographic member comprises a base layer and an elastic layer on the base layer, wherein
the elastic layer comprises a rubber mixture comprising rubber as a matrix, an anion, a cation, and an inorganic layered double hydroxide compound, wherein
the anion is at least one selected from the group consisting of structural formulae (1) to (3),
the cation is at least one selected from the group consisting of structural formulae (4) to (7), and
the inorganic layered double hydroxide compound has an average value of interlayer distances of 4 Å or larger and 8 Å or smaller, which are measured by XRD:
(wherein in structural formula (3), X represents a halogen element;)
(wherein in structural formulae (4) and (5), R 1 to R 4 each independently represent an alkyl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group or a carboxyl group;)
(wherein in structural formulae (6) and (7), R 5 to R 7 each independently represent an alkyl group having 4 to 16 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 4 to 16 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group, or a carboxyl group; R 8 to R 10 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms;
R 11 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, which optionally has a substituent; the alkylene group optionally has a structure through a group selected from the group consisting of -Ph-, —O—, —C(═O)—, —C(═O)—O—, and —C(═O)—NR— (where R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms); and
m represents an integer of 1 or more and 16 or less.).