Method for forming high efficiency geothermal wellbores
Wellbore synthesis techniques are disclosed suitable for use in geothermal applications. Embodiments are provided where open hole drilled wellbores are sealed while drilling to form an impervious layer at the wellbore/formation interface. The techniques may be chemical, thermal, mechanical, biological and are fully intended to irreversibly damage the formation in terms of the permeability thereof. With the permeability negated, the wellbore may be used to create a closed loop surface to surface geothermal well operable in the absence of well casing for maximizing thermal transfer to a circulating working fluid. Formulations for the working and drilling fluids are disclosed.
1. A method for drilling a wellbore system in a geothermal heat recovery zone, the method comprising:
drilling an inlet wellbore extending from a terranean surface and a first open hole lateral wellbore extending from the inlet wellbore into the geothermal zone;
sealing the first open hole lateral wellbore, the sealing comprising inducing permeability damage to said open hole lateral wellbore using a chemical mechanism; and
forming an interface between said wellbore and said formation by the sealing that is impermeable to fluids while the first lateral wellbore remains open hole.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising sealing a second open hole lateral wellbore with a sealant, the second lateral wellbore extending from an outlet wellbore into the geothermal zone to the first lateral wellbore and residing at a different depth than the first lateral wellbore, the second lateral wellbore configured to allow fluid to circulate from the inlet wellbore to the first lateral wellbore, from the first lateral wellbore to the second lateral wellbore, and from the second lateral wellbore to the outlet wellbore, the outlet wellbore extending from the terranean surface.
3. The method of claim 2 , comprising:
casing the inlet wellbore;
casing the outlet wellbore; and
leaving an open hole junction between the inlet wellbore and the first lateral wellbore and leaving an open hole junction between the outlet wellbore and the second lateral wellbore.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein:
drilling the first lateral wellbore is before or while sealing the first lateral wellbore; and
drilling the second lateral wellbore is before or while sealing the second lateral wellbore.
5. The method of claim 4 , where drilling the first lateral wellbore and drilling the second lateral wellbore comprise drilling the two lateral wellbores to intersect.
6. The method of claim 4 , comprising drilling a sloped wellbore segment in a lateral wellbore where the first and second lateral wellbores couple, the sloped wellbore segment inclined more steeply than the remainder of the wellbore having the sloped wellbore segment.
7. The method of claim 2 , comprising circulating a heat transfer working fluid in the wellbores while maintaining the first lateral wellbore and the second lateral wellbore sealed.
8. The method of claim 2 , comprising:
drilling a plurality of first open hole lateral wellbores from the inlet wellbore into the geothermal zone; and
drilling a plurality of second open hole lateral wellbores from the outlet wellbore into the geothermal zone to each couple to a respective one of the first open hole lateral wellbores.
9. The method of claim 2 , wherein drilling the inlet wellbore and drilling the outlet wellbore comprise drilling the inlet wellbore and drilling the outlet wellbore at a surface site, and comprising:
drilling a second inlet wellbore at the surface site;
drilling a second outlet wellbore at the surface site;
drilling a third open hole lateral wellbore from the second inlet wellbore into the geothermal zone; and
drilling, at a different depth than the third lateral wellbore, a fourth open hole lateral wellbore from the second outlet wellbore into the geothermal zone to the third lateral wellbore to allow fluid to circulate from the second inlet wellbore to the third lateral wellbore, from the third lateral wellbore to the fourth lateral wellbore, and from the fourth lateral wellbore to the second outlet wellbore.
10. The method of claim 9 , where drilling the third open hole lateral wellbore and drilling the fourth open hole lateral wellbore comprising drilling the third and fourth open hole lateral wellbores to extend out into the geothermal zone in a different direction from the first and second open hole lateral wellbores.
11. The method of claim 9 , where drilling the third open hole lateral wellbore and drilling the fourth open hole lateral wellbore comprising drilling the third and fourth open hole lateral wellbores to extend out into the geothermal zone in an opposite direction from the first and second open hole lateral wellbores.
12. The method of claim 1 , where the geothermal zone is a basement formation.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein using the chemical mechanism comprises
utilizing an alkali silicate based drilling fluid to form the interface.