Structural adhesive compositions
Disclosed herein are compositions including (a) a first component comprising (1) an epoxy-adduct that is the reaction product of reactants comprising a first epoxy compound, a polyol, and an anhydride and/or a diacid and (2) a second epoxy compound; (b) rubber particles having a core/shell structure and/or graphenic carbon particles; and (c) a second component that chemically reacts with the first component at ambient or slightly thermal conditions. Also disclosed herein are compositions including (a) an epoxy-capped flexibilizer; (b) a heat-activated latent curing agent; and optionally (c) rubber particles having a core/shell structure and/or graphenic carbon particles; (d) an epoxy/CTBN adduct; and/or (e) an epoxy/dimer acid adduct. The heat-activated latent curing agent may include at least one reaction product of reactants including an epoxy compound and an amine and/or an alkaloid.
1. A one-component composition comprising:
(a) an epoxy-capped flexibilizer comprising a reaction product of reactants comprising (i) a first epoxy compound, (ii) a polyol, and (iii) an anhydride;
(b) a heat-activated latent curing agent comprising (x) a reaction product of reactants comprising (i) a second epoxy compound and (ii) an amine, an alkaloid, or combinations thereof, and (y) dicyandiamide having a D98 of 6 μm;
(c) an optional epoxy/CTBN adduct;
(d) an epoxy/dimer acid adduct;
(e) rubber particles having a core/shell structure;
(f) optional graphenic carbon particles; and
an epoxy compound or an epoxy resin not incorporated into or reacted as a part of any of the components (a)—(f) and/or an epoxy carrier resin incorporated into the component (e).
2. The one-component composition of claim 1 , which comprises at least one of:
2% by weight to 40% by weight, based on total weight of the composition, of the epoxy-capped flexibilizer (a);
3% by weight to 25% by weight, based on total weight of the composition, of the heat-activated latent curing agent (b);
a positive amount of up to 75% by weight, based on total weight of the composition, of the rubber particles having a core/shell structure (e); and
1% by weight to 15% by weight, based on total weight of the composition, of the epoxy/dimer acid adduct (d).
3. The one-component composition of claim 1 , wherein the first epoxy compound reactant (i) of the epoxy-capped flexibilizer (a) comprises Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, phenyl diglycidyl ether, or combinations thereof.
4. The one-component composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyol reactant (ii) of the epoxy-capped flexibilizer (a) has a hydroxy equivalent weight of 30 to 1000.
5. The one-component composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyol reactant (ii) of the epoxy-capped flexibilizer (a) comprises ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, polyether diols of any of the foregoing, polyester diols, urethane diols or combinations thereof.
6. The one-component composition of claim 5 , wherein the polyester diol is synthesized by ring opening polymerization of caprolactone.
7. The one-component composition of claim 5 , wherein the urethane diol is synthesized by reaction of a cyclic carbonate with a diamine.
8. The one-component composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyol reactant (ii) of the epoxy-capped flexibilizer (a) comprises polytetrahydrofuran, a diol derived from caprolactone or combinations thereof.
9. The one-component composition of claim 1 , wherein (x) is a reaction product of reactants comprising (i) a second epoxy compound and (ii) an alkaloid, which are provided in a molar ratio of (i) to (ii) of 1:1 to 3:1.
10. The one-component composition of claim 1 , wherein (x) is a reaction product of reactants comprising (i) a second epoxy compound and (ii) an amine, which are provided in a molar ratio of (i) to (ii) of 1:2 to 8:9.
11. The one-component composition of claim 1 , wherein (x) is a reaction product of reactants comprising (i) a second epoxy compound and (ii) an amine or an alkaloid.
12. The one-component composition of claim 11 , wherein the alkaloid comprises an imidazole.
13. The one-component composition of claim 1 , wherein the heat-activated latent curing agent (b) further comprises 3,4-dichlorophenyl-N,N-dimethyl urea.
14. The one-component composition of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the epoxy/CTBN adduct (c) and the graphenic carbon particles (f) is present in the composition.
15. The one-component composition of claim 14 , wherein the epoxy/CTBN adduct (c) is formed from CTBN having a functionality of 1.6 to 2.4.
16. The one-component composition of claim 1 , wherein the epoxy/CTBN adduct (c) is present in an amount of 1% by weight to 20% by weight, based on total weight of the composition.
17. The one-component composition of claim 1 , further comprising 1,10-phenanthroline as a chelating agent.
18. The one-component composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is formulated to cure at a temperature of 120° C. to 140° C. within 20 minutes or less.
19. The one-component composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is formulated to cure following exposure to thermal conditions or actinic radiation.
20. A method of treating a substrate, comprising:
applying the composition of claim 1 to a surface of the substrate.
21. The method of claim 20 , further comprising heating the composition at a temperature of 120° C. to 140° C.
22. The method of claim 20 , further comprising exposing the composition to thermal conditions or actinic radiation for 20 minutes or less.
23. An article comprising:
a coating formed on a surface of a substrate from the composition of claim 1 .
24. The article of claim 23 , further comprising a second substrate, wherein the composition is positioned between the surface and the second substrate.
25. The article of claim 24 , wherein the coating has a measured lap shear strength of at least 15 MPa when tested at room temperature.
26. An automotive component comprising the article of claim 23 .
27. A wind turbine comprising the article of claim 23 .