Methods and compositions for T-cell coculture potency assays and use with cell therapy products
The present invention provides novel processes, compositions, and methods for analyzing or assaying the potency and/or functionality of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) products for use in therapy, including human cancer therapy, and analyzing or assaying the potency and/or functionality of other polyclonal products, such as marrow infiltrating lymphocyte (MIL) and peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) products. Compositions, methods, and kits for preparing and treating cancer using TIL, MIL, and PBL products are also provided.
1 . A method of determining the potency of a tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) cell product comprising TIL cells, the method comprising the steps of:
i. performing at least three co-cultures of U937 target cells with TIL cell product cells at different U937 target cell concentrations;
ii. performing at least three co-cultures of U937 target cells with T cell reference standard cells at different U937 target cell concentrations;
iii. extracting supernatants from each of the co-cultures; and
iv. assessing the supernatants for interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secreted from the TIL cell product cells and T cell reference standard cells to obtain U937 target cell dose-concentrations to determine the potency of the TIL cell product;
wherein the U937 target cells express a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and the TIL cells express a T cell receptor (TCR), wherein the TIL cells are activated via allogeneic MHC-TCR engagement between the MHC of the U937 target cells and the TCR of the TIL cells during the co-culture assay.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the co-cultures are performed for a time period selected from the group consisting of about 6 hours, about 12 hours, about 18 hours, about 24 hours, about 30 hours, about 36 hours, about 42 hours, and about 48 hours.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein four U937 target cell dose-concentrations of about 4×10 5 , about 2×10 5 , about 1×10 5 , and about 0.5×10 5 U937 target cells per well and a single TIL cell concentration of about 1.5×10 6 TIL per well are used.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein at least four co-cultures of U937 target cells with TIL cell product cells and at least four co-cultures of U937 target cells with T cell reference standard cells are used, parallel line analysis is performed, and one outlier U937 target cell dose-concentration is discarded.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is a component of a potency assay matrix.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the potency assay matrix comprises one or more assays selected from the group consisting of a bead- or plate-based assay using CD3, CD28, and/or CD137 stimulation and reporting interferon-γ, granzyme B, or tumor necrosis factor-α, an assay for total viable cells, an assay for percentage viable cells, an assay for CD4 + cell content, an assay for CD8 + cell content, an assay for T EM cell content, an assay for T CM cell content, an assay for LAG3 + cell content, and an assay for KLRG1 + cell content, an assay for CD101 + cell content, an assay for CD69 + cell content, an assay for T SCM cell content, an assay for T EMRA cell content, an assay for Treg cell content, an assay for PD-1 + cell content, an assay for TIM3 + cell content, an assay for CD25 + cell content, an assay for CD27 + cell content, an assay for CD28 + cell content, an assay for CD56 + cell content, an assay for CTLA-4 + cell content, an assay for TIGIT + cell content, and an assay for CD57 + cell content.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein prior to step i, the method further comprises:
(a) obtaining and/or receiving a first population of TILs from a tumor resected from a patient by surgical resection, needle biopsy, core biopsy, small biopsy, or other means by processing a tumor sample obtained from the patient into (i) multiple tumor fragments or (ii) a tumor digest;
(b) adding the first population of TILs into a closed system;
(c) performing a first expansion by culturing the first population of TILs in a cell culture medium comprising IL-2 to produce a second population of TILs, wherein the first expansion is performed in a closed container providing a first gas-permeable surface area, wherein the first expansion is performed for about 3-14 days to obtain the second population of TILs, and wherein the transition from step (b) to step (c) occurs without opening the system;
(d) performing a second expansion by supplementing the cell culture medium of the second population of TILs with additional IL-2, OKT-3, and antigen presenting cells (APCs), to produce a therapeutic population of TILs, wherein the second expansion is performed for about 7-14 days, wherein the therapeutic population of-TILs comprises the TIL cell product, wherein the second expansion is performed in a closed container providing a second gas-permeable surface area, and wherein the transition from step (c) to step (d) occurs without opening the system;
(e) harvesting the therapeutic population of TILs obtained from step (d), wherein the transition from step (d) to step (e) occurs without opening the system;
(f) transferring the therapeutic population of TILs from step (e) to an infusion bag, wherein the transfer from step (e) to (f) occurs without opening the system; and
(g) optionally cryopreserving the infusion bag comprising the therapeutic population of TILs from step (f).
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein examining the potency and/or functionality of the TILs harvested occurs after cryopreservation, or optionally before and after cryopreservation.
9 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the patient has a tumor that is unresectable, metastatic, resistant, or refractory to a CTLA-4 inhibitor, PD-1 inhibitor, or a PD-L1 inhibitor, and optionally wherein the patient has been previously treated with a CTLA-4 inhibitor, a PD-1 inhibitor, or a PD-L1 inhibitor.
10 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the second population of TILs in step (c) is at least 50-fold greater in number than the first population of TILs.
11 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the first expansion and/or the second expansion is performed over a period of about 10 to about 12 days.
12 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the first expansion and/or the second expansion is performed over a period of about 11 days or about 12 days.
13 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the IL-2 is present at an initial concentration of between 1000 IU/mL and 6000 IU/mL in the cell culture medium in the first expansion.
14 . The method of claim 7 , wherein in the second expansion step, the IL-2 is present at an initial concentration of between 1000 IU/mL and 6000 IU/mL and the OKT-3 antibody is present at an initial concentration of about 30 ng/ml.
15 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the patient has a cancer selected from the group consisting of melanoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, endometrial cancer, thyroid cancer, cervical cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small-cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, head and neck cancer (including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)), glioblastoma, gastrointestinal cancer, renal cancer, sarcoma, and renal cell carcinoma.
16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein for at least one of the co-cultures in step (i), the ratio of TIL cell product cells: U937 target cell is about 15:1.
17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein for at least one of the co-cultures in step (ii), the ratio of T cell reference standard cells: U937 target cell is about 15:1.
18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the co-cultures in step (i) and/or step (ii) are performed in a cell culture medium comprising IL-2.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the cell culture medium comprises an IL-2 concentration of about 300 IU/mL.
20 . The method of claim 1 , wherein an HLA blocking antibody is used as a negative control in step (i) and/or step (ii), wherein the corresponding co-culture for the negative control is performed in the presence of the HLA blocking antibody.
21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the HLA blocking antibody is at a concentration of about 1-20 μg/mL.
22 . The method of claim 1 , wherein no anti-CD3 antibody is added during any of steps i. to iv.
23 . A method for treating cancer in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising:
a) providing a therapeutic population of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) expanded from a tumor resected from the patient;
b) determining the potency of the population of TILs by:
i) performing at least three co-cultures of U937 target cells with a subset of the therapeutic population of TILs at different U937 target cell concentrations;
ii) performing at least three co-cultures of U937 target cells with T cell reference standard cells at different U937 target cell concentrations;
iii) extracting supernatants from each of the co-cultures; and
iv) assessing the supernatants for interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secreted from the subset of the therapeutic population of TILs and T cell reference standard cells to obtain U937 target cell dose-concentrations to determine the potency of the therapeutic population of TILs;
wherein the U937 target cells express a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and the TIL cells express a T cell receptor (TCR), wherein the TIL cells are activated via allogeneic MHC-TCR engagement between the MHC of the U937 target cells and the TCR of the TIL cells during the co-culture assay; and
c) administering a therapeutically effective dosage of the therapeutic population of TILs to the patient.
24 . The method of claim 23 , further comprising a step of treating the patient with a non-myeloablative lymphodepletion regimen prior to administering the TILs to the patient, optionally wherein the non-myeloablative lymphodepletion regimen comprises steps of administration of cyclophosphamide at a dose of 60 mg/m 2 /day for two days followed by administration of fludarabine at a dose of 25 mg/m 2 /day for five days.
25 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the non-myeloablative lymphodepletion regimen comprises steps of administration of cyclophosphamide at a dose of 60 mg/m 2 /day and fludarabine at a dose of 25 mg/m 2 /day for two days followed by administration of fludarabine at a dose of 25 mg/m 2 /day for three days.
26 . The method of claim 23 , further comprising a step of treating the patient with an IL-2 regimen starting on either the same day as, or the day after the administration of the therapeutic population of TILs to the patient.
27 . The method of claim 26 , wherein the IL-2 regimen is administered about 3 to about 24 hours after completion of the administration of the therapeutic population of TILs to the patient.
28 . The method of claim 26 , wherein the IL-2 regimen is a high-dose IL-2 regimen comprising 600,000 or 720,000 IU/kg of aldesleukin, or a biosimilar or variant thereof, administered as a 15-minute bolus intravenous infusion every eight hours until tolerance.