Fire-fighting foam concentrate
A method of fighting a fire, the method includes aerating a firefighting foam composition to form an areated firefighting foam; administering the aerated firefighting foam to a fire or applying the aerated firefighting foam to a surface of a volatile flammable liquid; wherein the firefighting foam composition includes a surfactant component comprising an anionic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, optionally a nonionic surfactant, or a mixture of any two or more thereof; an aliphatic alcohol-based component comprising at least two compounds selected from C 8 -C 14 -aliphatic alcohols and ethoxylates of C 10 -C 14 -aliphatic alcohols having an average of no more than about 6 ethylene oxide units; and at least about 30 wt. % water.
1. A method of fighting a fire, the method comprising:
aerating a firefighting foam composition to form an aerated firefighting foam; and
administering the aerated firefighting foam to a fire or applying the aerated firefighting foam to a surface of a volatile flammable liquid;
wherein:
the firefighting foam composition comprises:
a surfactant component comprising an anionic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, optionally a nonionic surfactant, or a mixture of any two or more thereof;
an aliphatic alcohol-based component comprising an ethoxylate of a C 10 -C 14 -aliphatic alcohol having an average of no more than about 6 ethylene oxide units or a mixture of an C 8 -C 14 -aliphatic alcohol and an ethoxylate of C 10 -C 14 -aliphatic alcohols having an average of no more than about 6 ethylene oxide units; and
at least about 30 wt. % water.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising prior to aerating mixing the firefighting foam composition with a diluent.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the diluent comprises municipal water, brackish water, salt water, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 comprising:
about 2 to 50 wt. % of the surfactant component;
about 0.1 to 10 wt. % of the aliphatic alcohol-based component; and
at least about 50 wt. % water; and
further comprising about 1 to 30 wt. % of a water-miscible organic solvent.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising a polysaccharide thickener and a water-miscible organic solvent.
6. The method of claim 1 which is free of nonionic surfactant.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising a reducing agent.
8. The method of claim 1 , comprising:
about 0.1 to 5 wt. % of a polysaccharide thickener;
about 5 to 50 wt. % of a surfactant component comprising two or more of an anionic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, and optionally a nonionic surfactant;
about 0.1 to 5 wt. % of the aliphatic alcohol-based component;
about 1 to 30 wt. % of a water-miscible organic solvent; and
at least about 50 wt. % water.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic alcohol-based component comprises an ethoxylate of a linear C 12 -C 14 -aliphatic alcohol having an average of no more than about 6 ethylene oxide units.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic alcohol-based component comprises a lauryl alcohol ethoxylate or a myristyl alcohol ethoxylate having an average of no more than about 5 ethylene oxide units.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant component comprises an alkyl sulfate salt, an alkyl ether sulfate salt, an alkyl sulfonate salt, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant component comprises octyl sulfate salt, decyl sulfate salt, lauryl sulfate salt, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentrate comprises about 1 to 30 wt. % of anionic surfactant.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant component comprises an alkyl polyglycoside nonionic surfactant.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the alkyl polyglycoside comprises an alkyl polyglucoside.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent comprises the organic solvent comprises diethylene glycol n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether, hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol, glycerol, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the firefighting foam composition further comprises a biocide, a corrosion inhibitor, a reducing agent, a microfibrous cellulose, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
18. The method of claim 5 , wherein the polysaccharide thickener comprises agar, sodium alginate, carrageenan, gum arabic, gum guaicum, neem gum, pistacia lentiscus, gum chatti, caranna, galactomannan, gum tragacanth, karaya gum, guar gum, welan gum, rhamsam gum, locust bean gum, beta-glucan, cellulose, methylcellulose, chicle gum, kino gum, dammar gum, glucomannan, mastic gum, spruce gum, tara gum, gellan gum, xanthan gum, succinoglycan, acacia gum, cassia gum, diutan gum, fenugreek gum, ghatti gum, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, karaya gum, konjac gum, pectin, propylene glycol alginate, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
19. The method of claim 5 , wherein the polysaccharide thickener comprises xanthan gum, diutan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum, gellan gum, succinoglycan, guar gum, konjac gum, tara gum, methylcellulose, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic alcohol-based component comprises an ethoxylate of a linear C 12 -C 14 -aliphatic alcohol having an average of no more than about 4 ethylene oxide units.