Methods of preparing a catalyst utilizing hydrated reagents
A method comprising a) contacting a solvent, a carboxylic acid, and a peroxide-containing compound to form an acidic mixture wherein a weight ratio of solvent to carboxylic acid in the acidic mixture is from about 1:1 to about 100:1; b) contacting a titanium-containing compound and the acidic mixture to form a solubilized titanium mixture wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to carboxylic acid in the solubilized titanium mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:4 and an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to peroxide-containing compound in the solubilized titanium mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:20; and c) contacting a chromium-silica support comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % water and the solubilized titanium mixture to form an addition product and drying the addition product by heating to a temperature in a range of from about 50° C. to about 150° C. and maintaining the temperature in the range of from about 50° C. to about 150° C. for a time period of from about 30 minutes to about 6 hours to form a pre-catalyst.
1. A method comprising: contacting (i) a solvent, (ii) a carboxylic acid selected from a group consisting of a-hydroxy isobutyric acid, 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid, mandelic acid, and a combination thereof; (iii) a peroxide-containing compound; (iv) a titanium-containing compound; (v) a chromium-containing compound; and (vi) a silica support comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % water to form a mixture; and spray drying the mixture to form a pre-catalyst powder; wherein: a weight ratio of solvent to carboxylic acid in the mixture is from about 1:1 to about 100:1; an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to carboxylic acid in the mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:4; and an equivalent molar ratio of titanium from the titanium-containing compound to the peroxide-containing compound in the mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:20.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the silica support is characterized by a surface area of from about 100 m 2 /gram to about 1000 m 2 /gram and a pore volume of from about 1.0 cm 3 /gram to about 2.5 cm 3 /gram.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the titanium-containing compound comprises compounds having a general formula TiO(OR K ) 2 , Ti(OR K ) 2 (acac) 2 , Ti(OR K ) 2 (oxal), a combination thereof wherein R K is ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, or a combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the titanium-containing compound is present in an amount of from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. % based on the total weight of the pre- catalyst powder.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the peroxide-containing compound comprises hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides, diacyl peroxides, peroxydicarbonates, monoperoxycarbonates, peroxyketals, peroxyesters, dialkyl peroxides, hydroperoxides or a combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein the peroxide-containing compound comprises hydrogen peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, phthaloyl peroxide or a combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 2 wherein titanium-containing compound comprises titanium(IV) ethoxide, titanium(IV) isopropoxide, titanium(IV) n-propoxide, titanium(IV) n-butoxide, titanium(IV) 2-ethylhexoxide, or a combination thereof.
8. The method of claim 2 wherein the titanium-containing compound comprises a titanium alkoxyhalide having a general formula Ti(OR K ) n Q 4-n wherein R K is ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, or a combination thereof; wherein Q is a fluoride, a chloride, a bromide, an iodide, or a combination thereof; and wherein n is an integer from 1 to 4.
9. The method of claim 2 wherein the peroxide-containing compound comprises hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides, diacyl peroxides, peroxydicarbonates, monoperoxycarbonates, peroxyketals, peroxyesters, dialkyl peroxides, hydroperoxides or a combination thereof.
10. The method of claim 2 wherein the peroxide-containing compound comprises hydrogen peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, phthaloyl peroxide or a combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 2 wherein the solvent comprises aqueous solvent, an alcohol, an organic solvent, a hydrocarbon, or a combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the titanium-containing compound comprises compounds having a general formula TiO(OR K ) 2 , Ti(OR K ) 2 (acac) 2 , Ti(OR K ) 2 (oxal), or a combination thereof wherein R K is ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, or a combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein titanium-containing compound comprises titanium(IV) ethoxide, titanium(IV) isopropoxide, titanium(IV) n-propoxide, titanium(IV) n-butoxide, titanium(IV) 2-ethylhexoxide, or a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the titanium-containing compound comprises a titanium alkoxyhalide having a general formula Ti(OR K ) n Q 4-n wherein R K is ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, or a combination thereof; wherein Q is a fluoride, a chloride, a bromide, an iodide, or a combination thereof; and wherein n is an integer from 1 to 4.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the titanium-containing compound is present in an amount of from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. % based on the total weight of the pre- catalyst powder.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the titanium-containing compound comprises compounds having a general formula TiO(OR K ) 2 , Ti(OR K ) 2 (acac) 2 , Ti(OR K ) 2 (oxal), or a combination thereof wherein R K is ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, or a combination thereof.
17. The method of claim 15 wherein the titanium-containing compound comprises compounds having a general formula TiO(OR K ) 2 , Ti(OR K ) 2 (acac) 2 , Ti(OR K ) 2 (oxal), a combination thereof wherein R K is ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, or a combination thereof.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the peroxide-containing compound comprises hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides, diacyl peroxides, peroxydicarbonates, monoperoxycarbonates, peroxyketals, peroxyesters, dialkyl peroxides, hydroperoxides or a combination thereof.
19. The method of claim 1 wherein the peroxide-containing compound comprises hydrogen peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, phthaloyl peroxide or a combination thereof.
20. The method of claim 1 wherein the solvent comprises aqueous solvent, an alcohol, an organic solvent, a hydrocarbon, or a combination thereof.