IP Library Granted Patent US 12,201,639
Granted Patent B2
US 12,201,639 · App. 17/809,192 · Granted Jan 21, 2025

Aqueous oral pharmaceutical suspension compositions

Inventors: John Mccall (Boca Grande, FL); Jesse Damsker (Alexandria, VA)
Assignee: ReveraGen BioPharma, Inc.
A61K31/573A61K9/0053A61K9/08A61K47/10A61K47/36
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,201,639
App. No.
17/809,192
Granted
Jan 21, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

Provided is an aqueous oral pharmaceutical suspension composition comprising vamorolone Form I. Also provided are methods for its preparation and its use.

Claims (18)

1. A crystalline form of vamorolone characterized by one or more of the following:

an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising two or more peaks, in terms of ° 2θ, at about 11.9, about 13.7, about 16.1, and about 18.3 with radiation Cu Kα;

a thermogravimetric analysis profile showing less than about 0.5% weight loss below about 175° C.; and

an exothermic event onset at 180.7° C. and a melting event with an onset and peak temperatures of 231.0° C. and 234.7° C., respectively, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry; and

wherein the crystalline form has not more than 0.5% by high performance liquid chromatography of an impurity.

2. The crystalline form of vamorolone of claim 1 , wherein the impurity is

3. The crystalline form of vamorolone of claim 1 , wherein the impurity is

4. The crystalline form of vamorolone of claim 1 , wherein the impurity is

5. The crystalline form of vamorolone of claim 1 , wherein the impurity is

6. An oral pharmaceutical composition comprising the crystalline form of vamorolone of claim 1 .

7. The oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 6 , wherein the oral pharmaceutical composition is stable at 25° C./60% relative humidity for at least three months.

8. The oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 7 , wherein the oral pharmaceutical composition is stable at 25° C./60% relative humidity for at least one year.

9. A method of treating or reducing the symptoms of muscular dystrophy, comprising the administration, to a patient in need thereof, of a therapeutically effective amount of the crystalline form of vamorolone of claim 1 .

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the muscular dystrophy is chosen from Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, limb girdle muscular dystrophy, congenital muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, myotonic muscular dystrophy, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, distal muscular dystrophy, and Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the muscular dystrophy is Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount is between 10 mg to 200 mg.

13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount is between 0.01 mg/kg to 10.0 mg/kg.

14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount is between 2 mg/kg to 6.0 mg/kg.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jun 29, 2022
From: MCCALL, JOHN; DAMSKER, JESSE
To: REVERAGEN BIOPHARMA, INC.
Reel/Frame 060350/0287 →
Continuity (4)
Continuation 17651877 · Feb 21, 2022
Continuation 16811973 · Mar 6, 2020
Provisional Application 62815097 · Mar 7, 2019
Related Publication 20230027370A1 · Jan 26, 2023
References Cited (376)
US 2776927A · Shull · 1957 [cited by applicant]
US 2838536A · Magerklein · 1958 [cited by applicant]
US 2894963A · Gould · 1959 [cited by applicant]
US 2957893A · Herzog · 1960 [cited by applicant]
US 2980713A · Chemerda · 1961 [cited by applicant]
US 3004965A · Kerwin · 1961 [cited by applicant]
US 3009933A · Robinson · 1961 [cited by applicant]
US 3047468A · Origoni · 1962 [cited by applicant]
US 3053866A · Chemerda · 1962 [cited by applicant]
US 3087938A · Reimann · 1963 [cited by applicant]
US 3098086A · Wettstein · 1963 [cited by applicant]
US 3127425A · Reimann · 1964 [cited by applicant]
US 3284477A · Rausser · 1966 [cited by applicant]
US 3463852A · Reimann · 1969 [cited by applicant]
US 3681405A · Laurent · 1972 [cited by applicant]
US 3842105A · Hofmeister · 1974 [cited by applicant]
US 3891631A · Phillipps · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 3923985A · Marechal · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 4041055A · Shephard · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4076708A · Green · 1978 [cited by applicant]
US 4260464A · Kerb · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US 4318853A · Ayer · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4336200A · Ayer · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4404141A · Annen · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 4427591A · Ayer · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4444689A · Ayer · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4472393A · Shapiro · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4555507A · Annen · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4613463A · Sacks · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4645763A · Annen · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4701451A · Annen · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4771042A · Braughler · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4777165A · Annen · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4876250A · Clark · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4891426A · Vanrheenen · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4910192A · Avery · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4920216A · Breslow · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4929395A · Vanrheenen · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4948533A · Braughler · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4975536A · Shephard · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4975537A · Aristoff · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4977255A · Livingston · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4990612A · Vanrheenen · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 4994443A · Folkman · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5001116A · Folkman · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5225335A · Kominek · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5248773A · Boivin · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5310896A · Devocelle · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5412091A · Boivin · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5434258A · Devocelle · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5451690A · Devocelle · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5502183A · Andrews · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5502222A · Fu · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5508452A · Roussel · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5616742A · Fu · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5616743A · Boivin · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5731447A · Buendia · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5750745A · Fu · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5939302A · Goeddel · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5972922A · Wilks · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5990099A · Clark · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6011012A · Ni · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6011023A · Clark · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6030834A · Chu · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6090794A · Martuza · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6090798A · Clark · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6169178B1 · La Loggia · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6194565B1 · Buendia · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6500814B1 · Hesch · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 8207151B2 · Mccall · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8334279B2 · Mccall · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8673887B2 · Mccall · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 9198921B2 · Mccall · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9434758B2 · Mccall · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9649320B2 · Mccall · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 10206933B2 · Mccall · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10464967B2 · Mccall · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10799514B2 · Mccall · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10857161B2 · Mccall · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 11382922B2 · Mccall · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11471471B2 · Mccall · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11690853B2 · Mccall · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20020002155A1 · Bhatnagar · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20030032630A1 · Merlos Roca · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040181055A1 · Murillo Garrido · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050090553A1 · Shapiro · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060018933A1 · Vaya · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060024365A1 · Vaya · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060025436A1 · Ridgway · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060089395A1 · Muto · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060153916A1 · Vaya · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070212751A1 · Messinger · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070225315A1 · Guttridge · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080064753A1 · Palladino · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080090791A1 · Reading · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080234380A1 · Shapiro · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090099191A1 · Gudkov · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100087408A1 · Mccall · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20140018337A1 · Frincke · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140142078A1 · Mccall · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150011519A1 · Mccall · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20190125763A1 · Mccall · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200148717A1 · Mccall · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20210046089A1 · Mccall · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210052606A1 · Mccall · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20220324902A1 · Mccall · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20240285650A1 · Mccall · 2024 [cited by applicant]
CA 975755A · 1975 [cited by applicant]
CA 983919A · 1976 [cited by applicant]
CA 1086715A · 1980 [cited by applicant]
CA 2725008 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
CN 1896090A · 2007 [cited by applicant]
CN 1907999A · 2007 [cited by applicant]
CN 101412742A · 2007 [cited by applicant]
CN 101347438A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
CN 101353368A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
CN 101397319A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
CN 101397320A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
CN 101434631A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
CN 101624414A · 2010 [cited by applicant]
CN 101759742 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
DE 3149475A1 · 1982 [cited by applicant]
DE 3227312A1 · 1984 [cited by applicant]
EP 0057401A1 · 1982 [cited by applicant]
EP 0097328A2 · 1984 [cited by applicant]
EP 0114589A1 · 1984 [cited by applicant]
EP 0126877A1 · 1984 [cited by applicant]
EP 0156643A2 · 1985 [cited by applicant]
EP 0164298A2 · 1985 [cited by applicant]
EP 0263213A1 · 1988 [cited by applicant]
EP 0875516A2 · 1998 [cited by applicant]
EP 1236469A2 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
EP 1336602A1 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
ES 0445981A1 · 1977 [cited by applicant]
FR 1433301 · 1959 [cited by applicant]
FR 335M · 1961 [cited by applicant]
GB 814000A · 1959 [cited by applicant]
GB 843214A · 1960 [cited by applicant]
GB 843215A · 1960 [cited by applicant]
GB 901093A · 1962 [cited by applicant]
GB 912378A · 1962 [cited by applicant]
GB 928301A · 1963 [cited by applicant]
GB 928302A · 1963 [cited by applicant]
GB 959378A · 1964 [cited by applicant]
GB 1115893 · 1968 [cited by applicant]
GB 1480763A · 1977 [cited by applicant]
GB 2089808A · 1982 [cited by applicant]
GB 2131811A · 1984 [cited by applicant]
JP H04504572A · 1992 [cited by applicant]
JP H05500054A · 1993 [cited by applicant]
JP H05507912A · 1993 [cited by applicant]
JP 2003081836 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
JP 2009126852 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
JP 5780521B · 2015 [cited by applicant]
RU 2156256C1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO 1987001706 · 1987 [cited by applicant]
WO 1987007895 · 1987 [cited by applicant]
WO 1988007092 · 1988 [cited by applicant]
WO 1988007527 · 1988 [cited by applicant]
WO 1988009337 · 1988 [cited by applicant]
WO 1990012577 · 1990 [cited by applicant]
WO 1990015816 · 1990 [cited by applicant]
WO 1991019731 · 1991 [cited by applicant]
WO 1993025570 · 1993 [cited by applicant]
WO 1995018621 · 1995 [cited by applicant]
WO 1996006618 · 1996 [cited by applicant]
WO 1996010402 · 1996 [cited by applicant]
WO 1997022616 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
WO 1997039018 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
WO 1999003503 · 1999 [cited by applicant]
WO 1999017778 · 1999 [cited by applicant]
WO 1999032102 · 1999 [cited by applicant]
WO 1999061030 · 1999 [cited by applicant]
WO 2000038653 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO 2002000001 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
WO 2002043785 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
WO 2003014141 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
WO 2004012699 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO 2006007910 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
WO 2007016979 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
WO 2009155056 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
WO 2010041827 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2011127048 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO 2013082253 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017004205 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
“A Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Vamorolone in Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)”, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03439670, 16 pages, (first posted: Feb. 20, 2018). [cited by applicant]
“A Study to Assess Vamorolone in Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD)”, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05166109, 13 pages, (first posted: Dec. 21, 2021). [cited by applicant]
“A Study to Assess Vamorolone in Boys Ages 2 to <4 Years and 7 to <18 Years With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)”, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05185622, 16 pages, (first posted: Jan. 11, 2022). [cited by applicant]
“A Study to Assess Vamorolone in Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)”, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02760264, 12 pages, (first posted: May 3, 2016). [cited by applicant]
“An Extension Study to Assess Vamorolone in Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)”, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02760277, 12 pages, (first posted: May 3, 2016). [cited by applicant]
“Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Related Dystrophinopathies: Developing Drugs for Treatment Guidance for Industry”, FDA Guidance Document issued by the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, published Feb. 2018; 16 pa… [cited by applicant]
“Expanded Access Protocol for Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy”, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03863119, 6 pages, (first posted: Mar. 5, 2019). [cited by applicant]
“Long-term Extension Study to Assess Vamorolone in Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)”, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03038399, 9 pages, (first posted: Jan. 31, 2017). [cited by applicant]
“Proof of Concept Trial of Vamorolone in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis”, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04348890, 7 pages, (first posted: Apr. 16, 2020). [cited by applicant]
“Heart Failure: Understanding Heart Failure.” Cleveland Clinic website. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17069-heart-failure-understanding-heart-failure. Published Dec. 18, 2017. [cited by applicant]
AARTSMA-RUS, A. et al., “226th ENMC International Workshop: Towards validated and qualified biomarkers for therapy development for Duchenne muscular dystrophy Jan. 20-22, 2017, Heemskerk, The Netherlands”, Neuromuscul. … [cited by applicant]
Agusti, A., “Systemic Effects of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: What We Know and What We Don't Know (But Should)”, Proc Am Thorac Soc., 4(7):522-5, (2007). [cited by applicant]
Asahara, H. et al., “High DNA-Binding Activity of Transcription Factor NF-kappa B in Synovial Membranes of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis”, Biochem Mol Biol Int., 37(5):827-32, (1995). [cited by applicant]
Atreya, I. et al., “NF- [cited by applicant]
Baeuerle, P. et al., “NF-kB: Ten Years After”, Cell, 87(1):13-20, (1996). [cited by applicant]
Bao, Z. et al., “A Novel Antiinflammatory Role for Andrographolide in Asthma via Inhibition of the Nuclear Factor-kappa B Pathway,” Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 179(8):657-65, (2009). [cited by applicant]
Barnes, P., “The Cytokine Network in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease”, J Clin Invest., 118(11):3546-56, (2008). [cited by applicant]
Benny Klimek, M. et al., “Effects of Chronic, Maximal Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomer (PMO) Dosing on Muscle Function and Dystrophin Restoration in a Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy”, J. of Neuromuscul… [cited by applicant]
Bikdeli, B. et al., Two Decades of Cardiovascular Trials With Primal Surrogate Endpoints: 1990-2011, J Am Heart Assoc. 2017; 6:e005285, pp. 1-9. [cited by applicant]
Clemens, P. et al., “P.337Dystrophin Restoration by Exon 53 Skipping in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy After Viltolarsen Treatment: Phase 2 Study Update”, Neuromuscl. Disord., 29(1):S165-S166, Abstract, (2019… [cited by applicant]
Clemens, P. et al., “P.338Vamorolone Trial in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Shows Dose-Related Improvement of Muscle Function”, Neuromuscul. Dis., 29(1):S166, Abstract, (2019). [cited by applicant]
Clemens, P. et al., “Drug Development of Vamorolone for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy”, Neuromuscul. Disord., 27(2):S217-S218, (2017). [cited by applicant]
Conklin, L. et al., “Developmental Pharmacodynamics and Modeling in Pediatric Drug Development”, J. Clin. Pharmacol., 59(1):S87-S94, (2019). [cited by applicant]
Conklin, L. et al., “Phase IIa Trial in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Shows Vamorolone is a First-in-Class Dissociative Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug”, Pharmacol. Res., 136:140-150, (2018). [cited by applicant]
Conklin, L. et al., “Serum Biomarkers of Glucocorticoid Response and Safety in Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis and Juvenile Dermatomyositis”, Steroids, 140:159-166, (2018). [cited by applicant]
Conklin, LS et al., “O39 Defining Serum CCL22 and Trefoil Factor 3 (TFF3) as Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers for Use in a Proof-of-Concept Clinical Trial of Vamorolone in Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis”, Arch Dis Child, 104:e… [cited by applicant]
Dang, U. et al., “Serum Biomarkers Associated with Baseline Clinical Severity in Young Steroid-Naive Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Boys”, Human Molecular Genetics, 29(15):2481-2495, (2020). [cited by applicant]
De Groote, P. et al., “Long-Term Functional and Clinical Follow-Up of Patients With Heart Failure With Recovered Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction After β-Blocker Therapy”, Circ. Heart Fail., Downloaded from http://aha… [cited by applicant]
Declaration under 37 C.F.R. § 1.132 of John M. Mccall, Ph D., dated Feb. 12, 2018; 17 pages. [cited by applicant]
Definition of “Glioma”, American Brain Tumor Association (ABTA), online at http://www.abta.org/brain-tumor-informationtypes-=of-tumors/glioma.html?print=t; accessed Mar. 9, 2016; 3 pages; (2016). [cited by applicant]
Del Prete, A. et al., “Molecular Pathways in Cancer-Related Inflammation”, Biochem Med (Zagreb)., 21(3):264-75, (2011). [cited by applicant]
Di Meglio, P. et al., “Amelioration of Acute Inflammation by Systemic Administration of a Cell-Permeable Peptide Inhibitor of NF-kB Activation”, Arthritis Rheum., 52(3):951-8, (2005). [cited by applicant]
Di Stefano, A. et al., “Increased Expression of Nuclear Factor- [cited by applicant]
Edwards, M. et al., “Targeting the NF- [cited by applicant]
EMFLAZA™ (Product Label), Prescribing Information, 26 pages, (Revised: Feb. 2017). [cited by applicant]
EP Application No. 09767367.7; European Extended Search Report, dated May 12, 2011; 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
EP Patent Application No. 09767367.7; File History Download, dated Apr. 13, 2012; 219 pages. [cited by applicant]
EP Patent Application No. 11191434.7; European Search Report, dated Mar. 27, 2012; 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
EP Patent Application No. 12853185.2; Extended European Search Report, dated Apr. 28, 2015; 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
Fiorillo, A. et al., “Muscle miRNAome Shows Suppression of Chronic Inflammatory miRNAs with Both Prednisone and Vamorolone”, Physiol Genomics, 50(9):735-745, (2018). [cited by applicant]
Fiorillo, A. et al., “TNFα-induced MicroRNAs Control Dystrophin Expression in Becker Muscular Dystrophy”, Cell Rep., 12(10): 27 pages, (2015). [cited by applicant]
Freishtat, R. et al., “Beneficial Glucocorticoid Effects in Asthmatic Airway Epithelium Are Not Dependent on Receptor-Mediated Transcription”, Am Fed Med Res., 1 page, (Apr. 2001). [cited by applicant]
Fukuma, K. et al., “Effect of Lazaroid U-74389G and Methyl prednisolone on Endotoxin-Induced Shock in Mice,” Surgery, 125(4):421-30, (1999). [cited by applicant]
Gong, H. et al., “Dexamethasone Rapidly Inhibits Glucose Uptake via Non-Genomic Mechanisms in Contracting Myotubes”, Arch Biochem Biophys., 603:102-9, (2016). [cited by applicant]
GPG1004 Report and Results, Source: Patent Information Services, Inc. Online Patent and Literature Searching, 113 pages; Apr. 12, 2010. [cited by applicant]
GPG1017 Report and Results, Source: Patent Information Services, Inc. Online Patent and Literature Searching, 171 pages; Jan. 23, 2011. [cited by applicant]
GPG903 Report and Results, Source: Patent Information Services, Inc. Online Patent And Literature Searching, 22 pages; Apr. 22, 2009. [cited by applicant]
GPG903A Report and Results, Source: Patent Information Services, Inc. Online Patent and Literature Searching, 385 pages; Apr. 22, 2009. [cited by applicant]
Guglieri, M. et al., “P.336Vision DMD: a Phase IIb Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Group, Placebo-and Active-Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Vamorolone in Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy”,… [cited by applicant]
Guglieri, M. et al., “Vision DMD: a Drug Development Program for Vamorolone in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy”, Neuromuscul. Dis., 1(27):S17, (2017). [cited by applicant]
Guglieri, M. et al., “Vision DMD: Vamorolone (VBP15) Drug Development Program for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy”, European J. Paediatric Neur., 21(1):E238, Abstract, (2017). [cited by applicant]
Guglieri, M. et al., “Vamorolone Versus Placebo and Prednisone in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Results from a 24-Week Double-Blind Randomized Trial”, Neuromuscul. Dis., 31., (2021). [cited by applicant]
Guglieri, M., et al., “Vision DMD: Vamorolone Drug Development Program for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.” Neuromuscul. Dis., 26:S156, Abstract, (2016). [cited by applicant]
Gulati, G. et al., “Heart Failure With Improved Ejection Fraction: Is it Possible to Escape One's Past?”, JACC: Heart Failure, 6(9):725-33, (2018). [cited by applicant]
Hall, E. et al., “Effects of the 21-Aminosteroid U74006F on Experimental Head Injury in Mice”, J Neurosurg., 68(3):456-61, (1988). [cited by applicant]
Hathout, Y. et al., “Serum Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers for Chronic Corticosteroid Treatment of Children”, Scientific Reports, 6:31727, 10 pages, (2016). [cited by applicant]
Hathout, Y. et al., “Biomarkers for Muscle Disease Gene Therapy”, Muscle Gene Therapy, 239-252, (2019). [cited by applicant]
Hathout, Y. et al., “Disease-Specific and Glucocorticoid-Responsive Serum Biomarkers for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy”, Scientific Reports, 9:12167, 13 pages, (2019). [cited by applicant]
Heier, C. et al., “Vamorolone Targets Dual Nuclear Receptors to Treat Inflammation and Dystrophic Cardiomyopathy”, Life Science Alliance, 2(1):e201800186, (2019). [cited by applicant]
Heier, C. et al., “VBP15, A Novel Anti-Inflammatory and Membrane-Stabilizer, Improves Muscle Dystrophy Without Side Effects”, EMBO Mol Med, 5(10):1569-85, (2013). [cited by applicant]
Hoffman, E. et al., “Clinical Trial Highlights: O. 3a 2.5-Years of Vamorolone Treatment in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Results of an Open Label Long-Term Extension”, Neuromuscul. Dis., 31:S48, (2021). [cited by applicant]
Hoffman, E. et al., “DMD-Treatment: EP. 147 2.5-Years of Vamorolone Treatment in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Results of an Open Label Long-Term Extension”, Neuromuscul. Dis., 31:S93-S94, (2021). [cited by applicant]
Hoffman, E. et al., “Phase 1 Trial of Vamorolone, a First-in-Class Steroid, Shows Improvements in Side Effects via Biomarkers Bridged to Clinical Outcomes”, Steroids, 134:43-52 with supplemental materials, 18 pages, (20… [cited by applicant]
Hoffman, E. et al., “Phase 1 Trial of Vamorolone, a First-in-Class Steroid, Shows Improvements in Side Effects via Biomarkers Bridged to Clinical Outcomes”, Steroids, 134:43-52, (2018). [cited by applicant]
Hoffman, E. et al., “Vamorolone Trial in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Shows Dose-Related Improvement of Muscle Function”, Neurology, 93(13):e1312-e1323, (2019). [cited by applicant]
Hoffman, E., “The Discovery of Dystrophin, The Protein Product of the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Gene”, The FEBS Journal, 287(18):3879-3887, (2020). [cited by applicant]
Hoffman, E., “Causes of Clinical Variability in Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophies and Implications for Exon Skipping Therapies”, Acta Myologica, 39(4):179-186, (2020). [cited by applicant]
Hoffman, E., “Pharmacotherapy of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy”, Pediatric Pharmacotherapy, Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 25-37, (2019). [cited by applicant]
Hoffman, P. et al., CCDC Access Structure, Database Identifier SICZIQ, Deposition No. 1557034, retrieved from https://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/structures/Search?Ccdcid=1557034&DatabaseToSearch=Published on Mar. 14, 2022; 5 pa… [cited by applicant]
Hori, Y. et al., “Differential Effects of Angiostatic Steroids and Dexamethasone on Angiogenesis and Cytokine Levels in Rat Sponge Implants”, Br J Pharmacol., 118(7):1584-91, (1996). [cited by applicant]
International Application No. PCT/US2009/045489; International Preliminary Report on Patentability, date of issuance Nov. 30, 2010; 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Application No. PCT/US2009/045489; International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, date of mailing Jan. 29, 2010; 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Application No. PCT/US2012/067003; Declaration of Non-Establishment of International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, date of mailing Feb. 25, 2013; 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Application No. PCT/US2012/067003; International Preliminary Report on Patentability, date of issuance Jun. 3, 2014; 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Application No. PCT/US2016/040098; International Preliminary Report on Patentability, date of issuance Jan. 2, 2018; 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Application No. PCT/US2016/040098; International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Search Authority, date of mailing Sep. 15, 2016; 5 pages. [cited by applicant]
Izmailova, E. et al., “Use of Molecular Imaging to Quantify Response to IKK-2 Inhibitor Treatment in Murine Arthritis”, Arthritis Rheum., 56(1):117-28, (2007). [cited by applicant]
Jacobsen, J. et al., “Novel 21-Aminosteroids That Inhibit Iron-Dependent Lipid Peroxidation and Protect Against Central Nervous System Trauma”, J Med Chem., 33(4):1145-51, (1990). [cited by applicant]
Jobin, C. et al., “NF-kB Signaling Proteins as Therapeutic Targets for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases”, Inflamm Bowel Dis., 6(3):206-13, (2000). [cited by applicant]
Johnson, J. et al., “Relationships Between Drug Activity and NCI Preclinical In Vitro and In Vivo Models and Early Clinical Trials”, Br J Cancer, 84(10):1424-31, (2001). [cited by applicant]
Judge, D. et al., “Pathophysiology and therapy of cardiac dysfunction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy”, Am J Cardiovasc Drugs, 11(5):287-294, (2011). [cited by applicant]
Kalsi, J. et al., “Suppressive Effects of a Novel Antioxidant Compound on Human T Cell Functions In Vitro”, Agents Actions, (Special Conference Issue), 39(Suppl1):C110-C112, (1993). [cited by applicant]
Kaltschmidt, B. et al., “Activation of NF- [cited by applicant]
Kinder, T. et al., “Muscle Weakness in Myositis: MicroRNA-Mediated Dystrophin Reduction in a Myositis Mouse Model and Human Muscle Biopsies”, Arthritis & Rheumatology, 72(7): 1170-1183, (2020). [cited by applicant]
Lawrence, T., “The Nuclear Factor NF-kappaB Pathway in Inflammation”, Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol., 1(6):a001651, (2009). [cited by applicant]
Li, X. et al., “Exposure-Response Analysis of Vamorolone (VBP15) in Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy”, J. Clin. Pharmacol., 60(10):1385-1396, (2020). [cited by applicant]
Lin, Y. et al., “Dexamethasone Reduced Invasiveness of Human Malignant Glioblastoma Cells Through a MAPK Phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) Dependent Mechanism”, Eur J Pharmacol., 593(1-3):1-9, (2008). [cited by applicant]
Lindner, V., “The NF-kappaB and IkappaB System in Injured Arteries”, Pathobiol., 66(6):311-20, (1998). [cited by applicant]
Liu, X. et al., “Disruption of a Key Ligand-H-Bond Network Drives Dissociative Properties in Vamorolone for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Treatment”, PNAS, 117(39):24285-24293, (2020). [cited by applicant]
Loprizi, C. et al., “Randomized Comparison of Megestrol Acetate versus Dexamethasone versus Fluoxymesterone for the Treatment of Cancer Anorexia/Cachexia”, J Clin Oncol., 17(10):3299-306, (1999). [cited by applicant]
Louis, D., “Molecular Pathology of Malignant Gliomas”, Annu Rev Pathol., 1:97-117, (2006). [cited by applicant]
Lührs, H. et al., “Butyrate Inhibits NF- [cited by applicant]
Lupón, J. et al., “Recovered Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Outcomes: a Prospective Study”, European Journal of Heart Failure, 19:1615-23, (2017). [cited by applicant]
Maeda, S. et al., “Nod2 Mutation in Crohn's Disease Potentiates NF- [cited by applicant]
Mah, J. et al., “Efficacy and Safety of Vamorolone in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: a 30-Month Nonrandomized Controlled Open-Label Extension Trial”, JAMA Network Open, 5(1):e2144178, 16 pages, (2022). [cited by applicant]
Mah, J. et al., “Vamorolone Versus Corticosteroid Real-World Experience: Comparisons of 2-Year Treatment Period with NorthStar UK Network and CINRG Duchenne Natural History Study”, Neuromuscul. Dis., 31, (2021). [cited by applicant]
Matthews, E. et al., “Corticosteroids for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy”, Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 5, (2016). [cited by applicant]
Mavroudis, P. et al., “Population Pharmacokinetics of Vamorolone (VBP15) in Healthy Men and Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy”, J Clin Pharmacol. 59(7):979-88, (2019). [cited by applicant]
Mcdonald, C. et al., “Long-term effects of glucocorticoids on function, quality of life, and survival in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a prospective cohort study”, Lancet, 391(10119):451-61, (2018). [cited by applicant]
Mcguire, C. et al., “Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-.kappa.B) in Multiple Sclerosis Pathology”, Trends Mol Med., 19(10):604-13, (2013). [cited by applicant]
Mcnatt, L. et al., “Angiostatic Activity of Steroids in the Chick Embryo CAM and Rabbit Cornea Models of Neovascularization”, J Ocul Pharmacol Ther., 15(5):413-23, (1999). [cited by applicant]
Metzinger, L. et al., “Lazaroids Enhance Skeletal Myogenesis in Primary Cultures of Dystrophin-Deficient Mdx Mice”, J Neurol Sci., 126(2):138-45, (1994). [cited by applicant]
Metzinger, L. et al., “Modulation by Prednisolone of Calcium Handling in Skeletal Muscle Cells”, Br J Pharmacol., 116(7):2811-6, (1995). [cited by applicant]
MX Patent Application No. 2010012976; Letter Reporting First Office Action, Apr. 3, 2013; 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Nadruz, W. et al., “Heart Failure and Midrange Ejection Fraction: Implications of Recovered Ejection Fraction for Exercise Tolerance and Outcomes”, Downloaded from http://ahajournals.org on Dec. 3, 2018; pp. 1-8, (2016). [cited by applicant]
Nagaraju, K. et al., “DMD Clinical Therapies I: P. 114Vamorolone as a Replacement for Corticosteroids in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Phase 2a Results in 48 DMD Boys”, Neuromuscul. Dis., 28:S63-S64, (2018). [cited by applicant]
Niazi, S., “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations: Sterile Products”, CRC Press LLC, Preface to the Series, 1 page, (2004). [cited by applicant]
NZ Patent Application No. 589444; Examination Report, dated Dec. 20, 2011; 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
NZ Patent Application No. 589444; First Official Action, dated Apr. 19, 2011; 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
NZ Patent Application No. 589444; Response to Office Action, dated Nov. 30, 2011; 35 pages. [cited by applicant]
NZ Patent Application No. 589444; Second Official Action, dated Oct. 25, 2012; 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
NZ Patent Application No. 603107; First Official Action, dated Oct. 25, 2012; 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
NZ Patent Application No. 603107; Specification as filed, dated Oct. 18, 2012; 76 pages. [cited by applicant]
Onai, Y. et al., “Inhibition of NF- [cited by applicant]
Park, J. et al., “Recurrence of Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients With Restored Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy”, Clin Cardiol., 37(4):222-6, (2014). [cited by applicant]
Peterson, J. et al., “Peptide-Based Inhibitioon of NF-kB Rescues Diaphragm Muscle Contractile Dysfunction in a Murine Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy”, Mol Med., 17(5-6):508-15, (2011). [cited by applicant]
Poynter, M. et al., “NF-kB activation in Airways Modulates Allergic Inflammation but Not Hyperresponsiveness”, J Immunol., 173(11):7003-9, (2004). [cited by applicant]
Pubchem-‘668’. Create Date: Aug. 8, 2005 (Aug. 8, 2005) Date Accessed: Aug. 18, 2016 (Aug. 18, 2016); p. 3, compound. [cited by applicant]
Puliyappadamba, V. et al., “The Role of NF-kappaB in the Pathogenesis of Glioma”, Mol Cell Oncol., 1(3):e963478, (2014). [cited by applicant]
Raychaudhuri, B. et al., “Aberrant Constitutive Activation of Nuclear Factor kB in Glioblastoma Multiforme Drives Invasive Phenotype”, J Neurooncol., 85(1):39-47, (2007). [cited by applicant]
RAYOS (Product Label), Prescribing Information, 16 pages, (Revised: Jul. 2012). [cited by applicant]
Reeves, E. et al., “VBP15: Preclinical Characterization of a Novel Anti-inflammatory Delta 9, 11 Steroid”, Bioorg Med Chem., 21(8):2241-9, (2013). [cited by applicant]
Ridder, D. et al., “NF-kappaB Signaling in Cerebral Ischemia”, Neuroscience, 158(3):995-1006, (2009). [cited by applicant]
Roy, R. et al., “Acute Serum Protein and Cytokine Response of Single Dose of Prednisone in Adult Volunteers”, Steroids, 178(2):108953, 9 pages, (2022). [cited by applicant]
SciFinder search results, (May 28, 2009), 1-20. [cited by applicant]
Smith, E. et al., “Vamorolone Newsletter #1”, ReverGen BioPharma, 1(1):1-6, (2017). [cited by applicant]
Smith, E. et al., “Efficacy and Safety of Vamorolone in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: an 18-month Interim Analysis of a Non-Randomized Open-Label Extension Study”, PLoS Medicine, 17(9):e1003222, 18 pages, (2020). [cited by applicant]
Sreetama, S. et al., “Membrane Stabilization by Modified Steroid Offers a Potential Therapy for Muscular Dystrophy Due to Dysferlin Deficit”, Molecular Therapy, 26(9):2231-2242, (2018). [cited by applicant]
Tak, P. et al., “NF- [cited by applicant]
Takeda, S. et al., “Exon-Skipping in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy”, Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases, 8:S343-S358, (2021). [cited by applicant]
Teramoto, S. et al., “The Role of Nuclear Factor- [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 12/473,921; downloaded Nov. 7, 2012; 563 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 12/473,921; Notice of Allowance, dated Jan. 20, 2012; 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 12/473,921; Notice of Allowance, dated May 15, 2012; 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/327,628; Image File Warapper, downloaded Nov. 7, 2012; 2598 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/327,628; Notice of Allowance, dated Aug. 17, 2012; 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/678,253; Examiner-Initiated Interview Summary, dated Oct. 25, 2013; 1 page. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/678,253; Notice of Allowance, dated Oct. 25, 2013; 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 14/164,779; Notice of Allowance, dated May 5, 2016; 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 14/360,384; Final Office Action, dated Aug. 11, 2017; 16 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 14/360,384; Final Office Action, dated Mar. 11, 2019; 25 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 14/360,384; Non-Final Office Action, dated May 18, 2018; 19 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 14/360,384; Non-Final Office Action, dated Oct. 18, 2016; 15 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 14/360,384; Notice of Allowability, dated Sep. 25, 2019; 6 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 14/360,384; Notice of Allowance, dated Jun. 24, 2019; 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 14/360,384; Response After Final Office Action, dated Feb. 12, 2018; 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 14/360,384; Response to Non-Final Office Action, dated Apr. 18, 2017; 6 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 14/360,384; Response to Restriction Requirement, dated Jul. 26, 2016; 5 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/197,118 ; Examiner-Initiated Interview Summary, dated May 20, 2020; 3 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/197,118; Advisory Action, dated Nov. 27, 2017; 3 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/197,118; Applicant-Initiated Interview Summary, dated Dec. 14, 2018; 3 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/197,118; Final Office Action, dated Aug. 17, 2017; 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/197,118; Final Office Action, dated Oct. 30, 2018; 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/197,118; Non-Final Office Action, dated Apr. 4, 2017; 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/197,118; Non-Final Office Action, dated Mar. 22, 2018; 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/197,118; Notice of Allowance, dated Jun. 4, 2020; 22 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/197,118; Patent Board Decision—Examiner Reversed, dated Feb. 26, 2020; 1 page. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/197,118; Response to Final Office Action, dated Nov. 16, 2017; 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/197,118; Response to Non-Final Office Action, dated Aug. 4, 2017; 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/229,947; Examiner-Initiated Interview Summary, dated Jan. 10, 2017; 1 page. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/229,947; Notice of Allowance, dated Jan. 10, 2017; 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/483,863; Amendment and Response to Non-Final Office Action, dated Jun. 4, 2018; 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/483,863; Applicant-Initiated Interview Summary, dated Oct. 3, 2018; 1 page. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/483,863; Final Office Action, dated Aug. 10, 2018; 21 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/483,863; Non-Final Office Action, dated Mar. 5, 2018; 17 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/483,863; Notice of Allowance, dated Oct. 3, 2018; 13 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/226,061; Non-Final Office Action, dated Feb. 5, 2020; 26 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/580,883; Non-Final Office Action, dated Oct. 5, 2020; 37 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/811,973; Notice of Allowability, dated May 18, 2022; 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/811,973; Notice of Allowance, dated Mar. 10, 2022; 33 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/811,973; Notice of Allowance, dated May 4, 2022; 15 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/008,237; Non-Final Office Action, dated Aug. 5, 2022; 18 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/651,877; Notice of Allowance, dated May 19, 2022; 23 pages. [cited by applicant]
Vernier, A. et al., “Antioxidant Lazaroids Enhance Differentiation of C2 Skeletal Muscle Cells”, Neurosci Lett., 186(2-3):177-80, (1995). [cited by applicant]
Voelkel, N. et al., “Pulmonary Vascular Involvement in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease”, Eur Respir J Supp., 22(46):28-32, (2003). [cited by applicant]
Voskoglou-Nomikos, T. et al., “Clinical Predictive Value of the in Vitro Cell Line, Human Xenograft, and Mouse Allograft Preclinical Cancer Models”, Clin Cancer Res., 9(11):4227-39, (2003). [cited by applicant]
Ward, L. et al., “Proceedings of a Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy Bone Health Workshop: Morbidity due to osteoporosis in DMD: The Path Forward May 12-13, 2016, Bethesda, Maryland, USA”, Neuromuscular Disorders, 28(1)… [cited by applicant]
Ward, L., “Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Why Kids Are Different”, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 11:576, (2020). [cited by applicant]
Weinstein, R. et al., “Promotion of Osteoclast Survival and Antagonism of Bisphosphonate-Induced Osteoclast Apoptosis by Glucocorticoids”, J Clin Invest., 109(8):1041-8, (2002). [cited by applicant]
Weintraub, W. et al., “The Perils of Surrogate Endpoints”, Eur Heart J., 36(33):2212-8, (2015). [cited by applicant]
Wells, E. et al., “Vamorolone, a Dissociative Steroidal Compound, Reduced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Glioma Cells and Increase Activity and Survival in Murine Model of Cortical Tumor”, Oncotarget, 8(6):9366… [cited by applicant]
Xiao, L. et al., “New Paradigms in Inflammatory Signaling in Vascular Endothelial Cells”, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 306:H317-H325, (2014). [cited by applicant]
Yan, J. et al., “NF- [cited by applicant]
Yang, C. et al., “Immunolocalization of Transcription Factor NF-kappa B in Inclusion-Body Myositis Muscle and at Normal Human Neuromuscular Junctions”, Neurosci Lett., 254(2):77-80, (1998). [cited by applicant]
Zhong, J. et al., “Regulation of Oxygen Free Radical on Expression of Interleukin-8 in Gastric Cancer Cell Line SGC-7901”, Zhongguo Zongxiyi Jiehe Waike Zazhi, 12(3):264-8, (2006), Abstract. [cited by applicant]
Ziemba, M. et al., “Biomarker-Focused Multi-Drug Combination Therapy and Repurposing Trial in MDX Mice”, PloS One, 16(2):e0246507, 19 pages, (2021). [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/008,237; Notice of Allowance, dated Feb. 9, 2023; 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/082,521; Examiner-Initiated Interview Summary, date of interview Jul. 19, 2023; 1 page. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/082,521; Non-Final Office Action, dated Jan. 31, 2023; 38 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/082,521; Notice of Allowance, dated Jul. 28, 2023; 22 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 18/314,260; Application as filed, dated May 9, 2023; 86 pages. [cited by applicant]