Condensing, ultra-low NOx gas-fired humidifier
A gas-fired atmospheric pressure steam humidifier having high efficiency and ultra-low NOx(3) emissions is disclosed. In some examples, the gas-fired humidifier can have an efficiency of greater than 90 percent and a NOx(3) output of less than 20 parts per million (ppm). In one aspect, the humidifier includes a secondary heat exchanger having a first heat exchange section for pre-heating combustion air and a separate second heat exchange section for pre-heating make-up water, wherein the first and second heat exchange sections are in heat transfer communication with exhaust gases generated by the gas-fired burner and combustion blower assembly. In some examples, the first heat exchange section includes orifices for enabling flue gas recirculation.
1. A gas-fired humidifier comprising:
a) an atmospheric pressure storage tank for holding a volume of water, the storage tank having a make-up water inlet and a steam outlet;
b) a gas-fired burner and combustion blower assembly;
c) a primary heat exchanger connected to the gas-fired burner and combustion blower assembly, the primary heat exchanger being located within the storage tank and configured to heat the volume of water to generate steam;
d) a make-up water heat exchanger configured to receive exhaust gases generated and discharged by the gas-fired burner and combustion blower assembly to pre-heat make-up water delivered to the storage tank, the make-up water heat exchanger having a combustion gas side through which exhaust gases flow in an upward direction, and a water side in which the make-up water flows in a downward direction;
e) a first conduit connecting a first port of the make-up water heat exchanger to the storage tank make-up water inlet;
f) a second conduit connecting an exhaust gas inlet port of the make-up water heat exchanger to an outlet of the primary heat exchanger;
g) a pressure equalization line connecting a second port of the make-up water heat exchanger to the storage tank at a location above the make-up water inlet, the second conduit including a trap section to block steam from the storage tank from entering the make-up water heat exchanger;
h) a make-up water valve assembly including a solenoid valve and an orifice for controlling a net flow rate of an inlet water stream into the make-up water heat exchanger, the make-up water valve assembly being directly connected to a third port of the make-up water heat exchanger; and
i) an electronic controller configured to send a pulse-width-modulated output signal to the solenoid valve to supply make-up water to the make-up water heat exchanger.
2. The gas-fired humidifier of claim 1 , wherein the orifice is located downstream of the solenoid valve.
3. The gas-fired humidifier of claim 1 , wherein the make-up water heat exchanger is a shell and tube heat exchanger.
4. The gas-fired humidifier of claim 3 , wherein the shell and tube heat exchanger includes a plurality of tubes in fluid communication with the exhaust gases.
5. The gas-fired humidifier of claim 4 , wherein the plurality of tubes includes between fifteen and forty tubes.
6. A gas-fired humidifier comprising:
a) an atmospheric pressure storage tank for holding a volume of water, the storage tank having a make-up water inlet and a steam outlet;
b) a gas-fired burner and combustion blower assembly;
c) a primary heat exchanger connected to the gas-fired burner and combustion blower assembly, the primary heat exchanger being located within the storage tank and configured to heat the volume of water to generate steam;
d) a make-up water heat exchanger configured to receive exhaust gases generated and discharged by the gas-fired burner and combustion blower assembly to pre-heat make-up water delivered to the storage tank, the make-up water heat exchanger having a combustion gas side through which exhaust gases flow in an upward direction, and a water side in which the make-up water flows in a downward direction;
e) a first conduit connecting a first port of the make-up water heat exchanger to the storage tank make-up water inlet;
f) a second conduit connecting an exhaust gas inlet port of the make-up water heat exchanger to an outlet of the primary heat exchanger;
g) a make-up water valve assembly, including a solenoid valve and a pressure compensating orifice downstream of the solenoid valve, for controlling a net flow rate of an inlet water stream into the make-up water heat exchanger, the make-up water valve assembly being directly connected to the make-up water heat exchanger by a third conduit; and
h) an electronic controller configured to send a pulse-width-modulated output signal to the make-up water valve assembly to supply make-up water to the make-up water heat exchanger;
i) a pressure equalization line connecting a second port of the make-up water heat exchanger to the storage tank at a location above the make-up water inlet, the second conduit including a trap section to block steam from the storage tank from entering the make-up water heat exchanger.
7. The gas-fired humidifier of claim 6 , wherein the make-up water heat exchanger is a shell and tube heat exchanger, wherein the shell and tube heat exchanger includes a plurality of tubes in fluid communication with the exhaust gases, and wherein the plurality of tubes includes between fifteen and forty tubes.