IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,498,598
Granted Patent B2
US 12,498,598 · App. 17/948,019 · Granted Dec 16, 2025

Systems and methods for operating one or more electrically controllable privacy glazing structures

Inventors: Nicholas Schleder (Saint Paul, MN); Michael Eul (Grant, MN); William Emile Julien Schoettler (Saint Paul, MN); Peter Whaley (Minneapolis, MN)
Assignee: Cardinal IG Company
G02F1/13306E06B9/24E06B2009/2417E06B2009/2464
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,498,598
App. No.
17/948,019
Granted
Dec 16, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

An electrical response of a privacy glazing structure to an applied electrical sensing pulse can be measured, and one or more parameters of the privacy glazing structure can be characterized. The one or more parameters can be used to load one or more drive parameters for subsequent use in an electrical drive signal used to operate the privacy glazing structure. If an electrical drive signal is already in place, the characterized one or more parameters can be compared to one or more parameters characterized at a previous time. If the one or more characterized parameters are different from those characterized at the previous time by more than a threshold amount, one or more drive parameters of the electrical drive signal can be adjusted to a new value.

Claims (39)

1 . A method comprising:

electrically coupling a driver to an electrically controllable optically active material of a privacy glazing structure;

applying a sense pulse from the driver to the electrically controllable optically active material;

measuring an electrical response of the privacy glazing structure in response to the applied sense pulse;

characterizing one or more electrical parameters of the privacy glazing structure based on the measured electrical response to the applied sense pulse, the characterizing the one or more electrical parameters comprising determining at least a resistance value, a capacitance value, or an inductance value of the privacy glazing structure; and

loading one or more drive parameters for subsequent use by the driver based on the characterized one or more electrical parameters of the privacy glazing structure; wherein:

characterizing one or more electrical parameters of the privacy glazing structure comprises categorizing the privacy glazing structure into one of a plurality of predefined categories of privacy glazing structures; and

loading one or more drive parameters for subsequent use by the driver based on the characterized one or more electrical parameters of the privacy glazing structure comprises loading one or more drive parameters corresponding to the category of the privacy glazing structure; and

wherein the predefined categories include:

a high-resistance, high-capacitance category;

a high-resistance, low-capacitance category;

a low-resistance, high capacitance category; and

a low-resistance, low-capacitance category.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein characterizing one or more electrical parameters comprises generating an equivalent circuit representative of the electrically controllable optically active material of the privacy glazing structure and determining one or more values associated with the equivalent circuit.

3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein determining one or more values associated with the equivalent circuit comprises determining a resistance value, a capacitance value, an inductance value, an RL value, an RC value, an RLC value, or a combination thereof.

4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein loading one or more drive parameters comprises loading one or more drive parameters stored in a non-transitory memory of the driver.

5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein loading one or more drive parameters comprises loading one or more drive parameters from a cloud-based storage.

6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein loading one or more drive parameters for subsequent use comprises replacing previous drive parameters utilized by the driver for driving the electrically controllable optically active material.

7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying the sense pulse from the driver to the electrically controllable optically active material comprises applying a DC pulse.

8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying the sense pulse comprises applying a driver signal used during operational driving of the electrically controllable optically active material.

9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrically controllable optically active material is a liquid crystal material.

10 . A method comprising:

electrically coupling a driver to an electrically controllable optically active material of a privacy glazing structure;

applying a sense pulse from the driver to the electrically controllable optically active material;

measuring an electrical response of the privacy glazing structure in response to the applied sense pulse;

characterizing one or more electrical parameters of the privacy glazing structure based on the measured electrical response to the applied sense pulse, characterizing the one or more electrical parameters of the privacy glazing structure comprising categorizing the privacy glazing structure into one of a plurality of predefined categories of privacy glazing structures; and

loading one or more drive parameters for subsequent use by the driver, at least one of the one or more drive parameters corresponding to the category of the privacy glazing structure; and

wherein the predefined categories include:

a high-resistance, high-capacitance category;

a high-resistance, low-capacitance category;

a low-resistance, high capacitance category; and

a low-resistance, low-capacitance category.

11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein characterizing one or more electrical parameters comprises generating an equivalent circuit representative of the electrically controllable optically active material of the privacy glazing structure and determining one or more values associated with the equivalent circuit.

12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein determining one or more values associated with the equivalent circuit comprises determining a resistance value, a capacitance value, an inductance value, an RL value, an RC value, an RLC value, or a combination thereof.

13 . The method of claim 10 , wherein loading one or more drive parameters comprises loading one or more drive parameters stored in a non-transitory memory of the driver.

14 . The method of claim 10 , wherein loading one or more drive parameters comprises loading one or more drive parameters from a cloud-based storage.

15 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the applying the sense pulse from the driver to the electrically controllable optically active material comprises applying a DC pulse.

16 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the applying the sense pulse comprises applying a driver signal used during operational driving of the electrically controllable optically active material.

17 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the electrically controllable optically active material is a liquid crystal material.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Nov 22, 2022
From: SCHLEDER, NICHOLAS; EUL, MICHAEL; SCHOETTLER, WILLIAM EMILE JULIEN; WHALEY, PETER
To: CARDINAL IG COMPANY
Reel/Frame 061848/0763 →
Continuity (3)
Division 16861546 · Apr 29, 2020
Provisional Application 62840026 · Apr 29, 2019
Related Publication 20230020132A1 · Jan 19, 2023
References Cited (307)
US 3951846A · Gavrilovic · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 3953630A · Roberts et al. · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 4047351A · Derner et al. · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4150877A · Kobale et al. · 1979 [cited by applicant]
US 4277294A · Orcutt · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US 4284677A · Herliczek · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US 4465340A · Suganuma · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4587784A · Chavy et al. · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4614676A · Rehfeld · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4702566A · Tukude · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4749261A · McLaughlin et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4932608A · Heidish et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4958917A · Hashimoto et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 5076673A · Lynam et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5103336A · Sieloff · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5111329A · Gajewski et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5111629A · Baughman et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5142644A · Vansteenkiste et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5151824A · O'Farrell · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5154953A · De Moncuit et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5164853A · Shimazaki · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5168387A · Asakura et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5197242A · Baughman et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5202787A · Byker et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5239406A · Lynam · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5244557A · Defendini et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5408353A · Nichols et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5589958A · Lieb · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5643644A · Demars · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5668663A · Varaprasad et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5766755A · Chaussade et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5796452A · Pierson · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5855638A · Demars · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5889608A · Buffat et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6001487A · Ladang et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6055088A · Fix et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6061105A · Nakagawa · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6064509A · Tonar et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6143209A · Lynam · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6261652B1 · Poix et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6280041B1 · Unger et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6297900B1 · Tulloch et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6317248B1 · Agrawal et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6340963B1 · Anno et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6366391B1 · Hurtz · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6373618B1 · Agrawal et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6407847B1 · Poll et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6466298B1 · Fix et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6486928B1 · Lin et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6567708B1 · Bechtel et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6589613B1 · Kunert · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6594067B2 · Poll et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6621534B2 · Lin et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6639708B2 · Elkadi et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6643050B2 · Rukavina et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6671008B1 · Li et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6671080B2 · Poll et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6795226B2 · Agrawal et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6819467B2 · Lynam · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6829074B2 · Terada et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6829511B2 · Bechtel et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6842276B2 · Poll et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6950221B1 · Terada et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 7002720B2 · Beteille et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7009665B2 · Li et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7023600B2 · Mallya et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7033655B2 · Beteille et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7081929B2 · Furuki et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7085609B2 · Bechtel et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7173750B2 · Rukavina · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7230748B2 · Giron et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7300166B2 · Agrawal et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7423664B2 · Ukawa · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7502156B2 · Tonar et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7505188B2 · Niiyama et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7525714B2 · Poll et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7542809B2 · Bechtel et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7671948B2 · Ninomiya · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7719751B2 · Egerton et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7738155B2 · Agrawal et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7746534B2 · Tonar et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7817327B2 · Derda · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7822490B2 · Bechtel et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7872791B2 · Karmhag et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7876400B2 · Baliga et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7906203B2 · Hartig · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7960854B2 · Paulus et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7990603B2 · Ash et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8102478B2 · Xue · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8164818B2 · Collins et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8169587B2 · Bolton · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8187682B2 · Albrecht et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8189254B2 · Voss et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8199264B2 · Veerasamy · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8213074B1 · Shrivastava et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8218224B2 · Kwak et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8219217B2 · Bechtel et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8263228B2 · Torr · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8289609B2 · Lamine et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8343571B2 · Werners et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8355112B2 · Bolton · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8482838B2 · Sbar et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8547624B2 · Ash et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8551603B2 · Thompson · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8610992B2 · Varaprasad et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8619204B2 · Saitoh et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8643933B2 · Brown · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8711465B2 · Bhatnagar et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8810889B2 · Brown · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8869493B2 · Chubb et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8913215B2 · Yang et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8941788B2 · Brecht et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8970810B2 · Bowser et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8975789B2 · Snyker et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8995039B2 · Bartug et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9019588B2 · Brown et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9036242B2 · Bergh et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9091868B2 · Bergh et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9097842B2 · Van Nutt et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9102124B2 · Collins et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9128346B2 · Shrivastava et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9158173B2 · Bhatnagar et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9176357B2 · Lam et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9193135B2 · Boote et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9316883B2 · Sbar et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9333728B2 · Veerasamy · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9341015B2 · Fernando et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9341909B2 · Egerton et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9389454B2 · Yamaguchi et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9400411B2 · Poix et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9436054B2 · Brown et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9436055B2 · Shrivastava et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9442341B2 · Shrivastava et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9477130B2 · Dubrenat et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9494717B2 · Reymond et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9550457B2 · Green et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9568799B2 · Lam et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9581877B2 · Bass et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9606411B2 · Bergh et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9606412B2 · Geerlings et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9618819B2 · Egerton et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9618820B2 · Conklin et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9625783B2 · Bjornard et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9664976B2 · Rozbicki · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9690162B2 · Wilbur et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9701577B1 · Simmons · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9726925B2 · Relot et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9766496B2 · Cammenga et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9810963B2 · Gauthier et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9829763B2 · Friedman et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9857657B2 · Ash et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9891454B2 · Zhang et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9927609B2 · Cammenga et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9939702B2 · Bjornard · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9952481B2 · Rozbicki et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9958750B2 · Parker et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9958751B2 · Bergh et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9963383B2 · Veerasamy · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9971194B2 · Brecht et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9989822B2 · Galstian · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 11100845B1 · Kim et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20030214695A1 · Pullen et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040233379A1 · Kinoshita et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050002081A1 · Beteille et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050046920A1 · Freeman et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050132558A1 · Hennessy et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050233125A1 · Anderson et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20080089073A1 · Hikmet · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080317977A1 · Wu · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090246426A1 · Wu · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090279004A1 · Greenall et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090303565A1 · Karmhag et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100028585A1 · Shimatani · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100279125A1 · Buyuktanir et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110007253A1 · Stocq · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110181820A1 · Watanabe · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120086904A1 · Oki et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120094118A1 · Oki et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120113167A1 · Margerm et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120218175A1 · Uemura et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120239209A1 · Brown et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120327499A1 · Parker et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130107563A1 · McCabe et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130118918A1 · Servida · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130265511A1 · Poix et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130271814A1 · Brown · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140020851A1 · Ouzts et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140204294A1 · Lv · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140211129A1 · Bowser et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140236323A1 · Brown et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140247475A1 · Parker et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150002919A1 · Jack et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150049270A1 · Zhang et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150049378A1 · Shrivastava et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150103389A1 · Klawuhn et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150116649A1 · Watanabe · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150118869A1 · Brown et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150151613A1 · Weng · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150219975A1 · Phillips et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150277165A1 · Burrows et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150346575A1 · Bhatnagar et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150370140A1 · Bertolini · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150378189A1 · Kim et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160026061A1 · O'Keeffe · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160085129A1 · Cammenga et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160085131A1 · Lam et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160096344A1 · Kurihara · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160097960A1 · Dixit et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160124283A1 · Brown et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160124284A1 · O'Keeffe · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160133196A1 · Emelie et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160138328A1 · Behmke et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160161818A1 · Gregard et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160187753A1 · Sbar et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160243773A1 · Wang · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160259225A1 · Paolini, Jr. et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160312523A1 · Miyasaka et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160349590A1 · Ohshima et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160363831A1 · Ash et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160377951A1 · Harris · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170028686A1 · Wilson et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170075323A1 · Shrivastava et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170097553A1 · Jack et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170122028A1 · Suzuka et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170139302A1 · Tonar · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170152702A1 · Chang et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170218686A1 · Galstian · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170219908A1 · Brown et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170328121A1 · Purdy et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170371218A1 · Kailasam et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180011383A1 · Higashihara et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180095337A1 · Rozbicki et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180101080A1 · Gauthier et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180173030A1 · Li · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180224689A1 · Demiglio et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180259804A1 · Bae et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180307111A1 · Le Houx et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190018298A1 · Engfeldt et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190041668A1 · Neic · 2019 [cited by examiner]
US 20190137796A1 · Bjergaard et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190346710A1 · Schleder et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200057346A1 · Zedlitz · 2020 [cited by examiner]
US 20200118480A1 · Paolini, Jr. et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20210208436A1 · Wang · 2021 [cited by examiner]
CN 201226062Y · 2009 [cited by applicant]
CN 101775953A · 2010 [cited by applicant]
CN 102473382A · 2012 [cited by applicant]
CN 102592548A · 2012 [cited by applicant]
CN 203858432U · 2014 [cited by applicant]
CN 104820383A · 2015 [cited by applicant]
CN 105044965A · 2015 [cited by applicant]
CN 105334656A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 205176432U · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 105607372A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 104948080B · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 205297172U · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 205558664U · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 106125444A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 206035269U · 2017 [cited by applicant]
CN 206352460U · 2017 [cited by applicant]
CN 107077040A · 2017 [cited by applicant]
CN 107288492A · 2017 [cited by applicant]
CN 107327250A · 2017 [cited by applicant]
CN 206737720U · 2017 [cited by applicant]
CN 206801372U · 2017 [cited by applicant]
CN 206848627U · 2018 [cited by applicant]
CN 207004397U · 2018 [cited by applicant]
EP 978620A2 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
EP 2093051A1 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
EP 2256545A1 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
EP 2860580A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
GB 2546987A · 2017 [cited by applicant]
JP 862071930A · 1987 [cited by applicant]
JP H01202713A · 1989 [cited by applicant]
JP 2001004971A · 2001 [cited by applicant]
JP 2004182484A · 2004 [cited by applicant]
JP 2006053551A · 2006 [cited by applicant]
JP 2016218431A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
JP 2017068196A · 2017 [cited by applicant]
JP 6135793B1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
JP 2019502938A · 2019 [cited by applicant]
JP 2019503510A · 2019 [cited by applicant]
KR 20130037600A · 2013 [cited by applicant]
KR 1020160037226A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
KR 1020190027956A · 2019 [cited by applicant]
TW 201423245A · 2014 [cited by applicant]
TW 201619952A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2005084378A2 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO 2008090438A2 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO 2010100807A1 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2012111715A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO 2013155612A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO 2014032023A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015059029A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015100419A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015117736A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016008375A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016043164A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017008881A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017011268A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017062639A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017183692A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017189307A2 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018009645A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018086400A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
Bortolozzo et al., Abstract of “Transmissive Liquid Crystal Light-valve for Near-Infrared Applications,” Appl. Opt., 52(22), Aug. 2013, accessed on the internet at https://www.osapublishing.org/ao/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-52… [cited by applicant]
International Patent Application No. PCT/US2020/030394, International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jun. 30, 2020, 13 pages. [cited by applicant]