Shape memory polymers
New shape memory polymer compositions, methods for synthesizing new shape memory polymers, and apparatus comprising an actuator and a shape memory polymer wherein the shape memory polymer comprises at least a portion of the actuator. A shape memory polymer comprising a polymer composition which physically forms a network structure wherein the polymer composition has shape-memory behavior and can be formed into a permanent primary shape, re-formed into a stable secondary shape, and controllably actuated to recover the permanent primary shape. Polymers have optimal aliphatic network structures due to minimization of dangling Chains by using monomers that are symmetrical and that have matching amine and hydroxyl groups providing polymers and polymer foams with clarity, tight (narrow temperature range) single transitions, and high shape recovery and recovery force that are especially useful for implanting in the human body.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a biodegradable, amorphous, crosslinked polyurethane thermoset open cell shape memory polymer (SMP) foam that is a reaction product of: (a) at least one aliphatic diisocyanate monomer, and (b) at least one aliphatic hydroxyl monomer with an average functionality greater than 3;
wherein the at least one aliphatic diisocyanate monomer includes hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI);
wherein the at least one aliphatic hydroxyl monomer includes N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine (HPED) and triethanol amine (TEA);
wherein the at least one aliphatic diisocyanate monomer includes isocyanate groups to match and react with hydroxyl groups of the at least one aliphatic hydroxyl monomer;
wherein the HPED is present in an amount of 10.8-37.5 wt %, the TEA is present in an amount of 6.7-28.2 wt %, and the HDI is present in an amount of 55.9-61.0 wt %; and
wherein the SMP foam has a glass transition temperature of at least 35 degrees Celsius but no greater than 132 degrees Celsius.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one aliphatic diisocyanate monomer further includes trimethyl hexamethylene methylene diisocyanate, ethylene diisocyanate, propylene diisocyanate, butylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, heptamethylene diisocyanate, octamethylene diisocyanate, n-alkane diisocyanates, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, methylene biscyclohexane diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, trimethylene diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 1,2-diisocyanatoethane, 1,3-diisocyanatopropane, 1,4-diisocyanatobutane, 1,5-diisocyanatopentane, 1,7-diisocyanatoheptane, 1,8-diisocyanatooctane, 1,9-diisocyanatononane, 1,10-diisocyanatodecane, 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane, methylene-bis(4-cyclohexylisocyanate), or combinations thereof.