IP Library Granted Patent US 12,685,578
Granted Patent B2
US 12,685,578 · App. 17/962,142 · Granted Jul 21, 2026

Pulsed electric field waveform manipulation and use

Inventors: Quim Castellvi (Barcelona, ES); Robert E. Neal, II (Redwood City, CA); Timothy J. O'Brien (Santa Clara, CA); Jonathan R. Waldstreicher (West Orange, NJ)
Assignee: Galvanize Therapeutics, Inc.
A61B18/1206A61B18/1492A61B2018/00577A61B2018/00791
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,685,578
App. No.
17/962,142
Granted
Jul 21, 2026
Kind
B2
Abstract

Devices, systems and methods are provided for delivering pulsed electric field (PEF) energy to tissue through one or more energy delivery bodies, each having one or more electrodes. The PEF energy is generated from a waveform having a variety of features. Waveform delays, such as inter-pulse delays, inter-cycle delays, inter-phase delays, inter-packet delays, inter-bundle delays, may be utilized within a treatment to obtain a desired outcome. In particular, these delays may be specifically manipulated to obtain particular desired outcomes. For example, one, some or all of these delays may be manipulated to control various aspects of PEF therapy so as to mitigate any associated risks, such as gas formation, electrical discharge, cavity formation, muscle contraction, and temperature rise, to name a few. In some embodiments, the delays distribute the period over which PEF energy is delivered, resulting in marked changes and optimization to the treatment delivery outcomes.

Claims (37)

1 . A system for treating tissue of a patient comprising:

at least one electrode positionable near the tissue; and

a generator in electrical communication with the at least one electrode, wherein the generator includes at least one energy delivery algorithm that provides pulsed electric field energy to the electrode so that the pulsed electric field energy provides a treatment to the tissue,

wherein the pulsed electric field energy is generated from a waveform comprising at least one packet of pulses having one or more delay periods so that each packet has a duty cycle of less than or equal to 2.5 percent, which manipulates or reduces or avoids one or more secondary effects,

wherein the pulsed electric field energy causes cell death by non-thermal effects.

2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more secondary effects comprises cavity formation in the tissue.

3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the pulses are biphasic pulses and wherein the at least one of the one or more delay periods is a cycle delay or phase delay of approximately 1,000 microseconds to 10,000 microseconds.

4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more secondary effects comprises an electrical discharge event.

5 . The system of claim 4 , wherein the electrical discharge event comprises electrical arcing from at least one of the at least one electrode.

6 . The system of claim 4 , wherein the pulses are biphasic pulses and wherein the at least one of the one or more delay periods is a cycle delay or phase delay of approximately 250 microseconds.

7 . The system of claim 4 , wherein the electrical discharge event comprises generation of a pressure wave against the tissue.

8 . The system of claim 7 , wherein the pressure wave is sufficient to generate a cavity within the tissue.

9 . The system of claim 8 , wherein each of the one or more packets of pulses has an on-time in a range of 0.5 to 20 microseconds.

10 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more secondary effects comprises bubble formation.

11 . The system of claim 10 , wherein bubble formation comprises formation of bubbles greater than or equal to 0.1 mm in diameter.

12 . The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more delay periods is in a range of 250 microseconds to 1000 microseconds.

13 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more packets of pulses comprises 100 packets.

14 . The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more packets has a cycle count of up to 60 cycles.

15 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more secondary effects comprises a contraction of a muscle.

16 . The system of claim 15 , wherein the at least one electrode is configured to create a lesion having a width and wherein reducing or avoiding contraction of the muscle causes the at least one electrode to maintain a position that does not move more than 25% of the width.

17 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the pulses comprise biphasic pulses and the delay period comprises an inter-phase delay between a positive phase and a negative phase of a biphasic pulse.

18 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the waveform comprises one or more bundles separated by an inter-bundle delay, wherein each bundle comprises two or more packets.

19 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a remote dispersive electrode positionable so that the pulsed electric field energy is delivered in a monopolar manner.

20 . A system for treating tissue of a patient comprising:

an energy delivery device having at least one energy delivery body having a form of a probe, wherein the probe is configured to penetrate the tissue; and

a generator in electrical communication with the at least one energy delivery body, wherein the generator includes at least one energy delivery algorithm that provides pulsed electric field energy to the energy delivery body so that the pulsed electric field energy provides a treatment to the tissue, wherein the pulsed electric field energy is generated from a waveform comprising a plurality of packets of pulses to provide the treatment and comprising one or more delay periods positioned within the waveform so that each packet has a duty cycle of less than or equal to 2.5 percent so as to reduce or avoid cavity formation around the probe in the tissue,

wherein the pulsed electric field energy causes cell death by non-thermal effects.

21 . The system of claim 20 , wherein at least one of the one or more delay periods is greater than 100 microseconds.

22 . The system of claim 20 , wherein the pulses are biphasic pulses and wherein the at least one of the one or more delay periods is a cycle delay or phase delay.

23 . A system for treating tissue of a patient comprising:

at least one electrode positionable near the tissue; and

a generator in electrical communication with the at least one electrode, wherein the generator includes at least one energy delivery algorithm that provides pulsed electric field energy to the electrode so that the pulsed electric field energy provides a treatment to the tissue,

wherein the pulsed electric field energy is generated from a waveform comprising at least one packet of pulses which causes a temperature rise spike within the tissue,

wherein each packet of pulses includes one or more delay periods so that each packet has a duty cycle of less than or equal to 2.5 percent, which affect an amplitude of the temperature rise spike in an amount sufficient to reduce or avoid an electrical discharge event,

wherein the pulsed electric field energy causes cell death by non-thermal effects.

24 . The system of claim 23 , wherein each of the one or more delay periods is 200 microseconds to 20,000 microseconds.

25 . The system of claim 23 , wherein each of the one or more delay periods is 1,000 microseconds to 10,000 microseconds.

Assignments (2)
SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Jan 13, 2025
From: GALVANIZE THERAPEUTICS, INC.
To: SYMBIOTIC CAPITAL AGENCY LLC
Reel/Frame 069879/0694 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Dec 18, 2022
From: CASTELLVI, QUIM; NEAL, ROBERT E., II; O'BRIEN, TIMOTHY J.; WALDSTREICHER, JONATHAN R.
To: GALVANIZE THERAPEUTICS, INC.
Reel/Frame 062133/0045 →
Continuity (4)
Continuation PCTUS2021026221 · Apr 7, 2021
Provisional Application 63078784 · Sep 15, 2020
Provisional Application 63007233 · Apr 8, 2020
Related Publication 20230172650A1 · Jun 8, 2023
References Cited (400)
US 874178A · Forest · 1907 [cited by applicant]
US 4249541A · Pratt · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US 5232856A · Firth · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5304120A · Crandell et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5386837A · Sterzer · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5507724A · Hofmann et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5601588A · Tonomura et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5683384A · Gough et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5704908A · Hofmann et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5833710A · Jacobson · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5906609A · Assa et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5972026A · Laufer et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6009347A · Hofmann · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6038478A · Yuen et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6041252A · Walker et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6078490A · Walters · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6083255A · Laufer et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6107699A · Swanson · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6120493A · Hofmann · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6200333B1 · Laufer · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6219577B1 · Brown, III et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6233482B1 · Hofmann et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6248056B1 · Persson · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6261831B1 · Agee · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6273907B1 · Laufer · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6283988B1 · Laufer et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6283989B1 · Laufer et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6299633B1 · Laufer · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6326177B1 · Schoenbach et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6366808B1 · Schroeppel et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6411852B1 · Danek et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6488673B1 · Laufer et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6520950B1 · Hofmann et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6569149B2 · Dev et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6634363B1 · Danek et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6678558B1 · Dimmer et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6697670B2 · Chomenky et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6733485B1 · Whitehurst et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6738663B2 · Schroeppel et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6770070B1 · Balbierz · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6795728B2 · Chornenky et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6892099B2 · Jaafar et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6994706B2 · Chornenky et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7027869B2 · Danek et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7054685B2 · Dimmer et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7104987B2 · Biggs et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7130697B2 · Chornenky et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7171263B2 · Darvish · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7198635B2 · Danek et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7200445B1 · Dalbec et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7211083B2 · Chornenky et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7255693B1 · Johnston et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7264002B2 · Danek et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7273055B2 · Danek et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7344533B2 · Pearson et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7395112B2 · Keisari et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7412284B2 · Hofmann · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7412285B2 · Schroeppel et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7425212B1 · Danek et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7542802B2 · Danek et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7556624B2 · Laufer et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7565205B2 · Palti · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7565206B2 · Palti · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7594925B2 · Danek et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7599745B2 · Palti · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7599746B2 · Palti · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7620451B2 · Demarais et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7655004B2 · Long · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7680543B2 · Azure · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7708768B2 · Danek et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7713740B2 · Jaroszeski et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7722606B2 · Azure · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7740017B2 · Danek et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7742811B2 · Schroeppel et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7756583B2 · Demarais et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7765010B2 · Chornenky et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7770584B2 · Danek et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7805201B2 · Palti · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7819908B2 · Ingenito · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7824870B2 · Kovalcheck et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7837679B2 · Biggs et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US RE42016E · Chornenky et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7853331B2 · Kaplan et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7853333B2 · Demarais · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7854734B2 · Biggs et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7879610B1 · Heller et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7906124B2 · Laufer et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7917227B2 · Palti · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US RE42277E · Jaafar et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7921855B2 · Danek et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7931647B2 · Wizeman et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7937143B2 · Demarais et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7938123B2 · Danek et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7938824B2 · Chornenky et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7949407B2 · Kaplan et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7959628B2 · Schaer et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7992572B2 · Danek et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8007496B2 · Rioux et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8014854B2 · Schroeppel et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8019414B2 · Palti · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8024048B2 · Schroeppel et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8026223B1 · Heller et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US RE42835E · Chornenky et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8048067B2 · Davalos et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US RE43009E · Chornenky et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8105324B2 · Palanker et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8109926B2 · Azure · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8114070B2 · Rubinsky et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8120207B2 · Sanders et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8131371B2 · Demarals et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8145316B2 · Deem et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8145317B2 · Demarais et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8150519B2 · Demarais et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8150520B2 · Demarais et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8161978B2 · Danek et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8181656B2 · Danek et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8221411B2 · Francischelli et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8231603B2 · Hobbs et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8235983B2 · Webster et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8244345B2 · Palti · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8251070B2 · Danek et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8251986B2 · Chornenky et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8257413B2 · Danek et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8267094B2 · Danek et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8282631B2 · Davalos et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8292882B2 · Danek et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8298222B2 · Rubinsky et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8298224B2 · Danek et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8406870B2 · Palti · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8425505B2 · Long · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8428710B2 · Kuriyama et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8443810B2 · Danek et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8449538B2 · Long · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8459268B2 · Danek et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8464723B2 · Danek et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8465484B2 · Davalos et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8465486B2 · Danek et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8480667B2 · Kaplan et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8500713B2 · Ferek-Petric · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8504147B2 · Deem et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8512334B2 · Nuccitelli et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8521274B2 · Gutsol et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8534291B2 · Danek et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8540710B2 · Johnson et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8562588B2 · Hobbs et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8568403B2 · Soltesz et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8579888B2 · Hoey et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8584681B2 · Danek et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8600494B2 · Schroeppel et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8603087B2 · Rubinsky et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8620423B2 · Demarais et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8632534B2 · Pearson et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8634929B2 · Chornenky et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8636726B1 · Wells et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8640711B2 · Danek et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8647338B2 · Chornenky et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8652130B2 · Kreindel · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8676309B2 · Deem et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8721632B2 · Hoey et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8733367B2 · Danek et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8740895B2 · Mayse et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8753335B2 · Moshe et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8774922B2 · Zarins et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8777943B2 · Mayse et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8802643B1 · Heller et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8814860B2 · Davalos et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8828945B2 · Laufer et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8888769B2 · Biggs et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8903488B2 · Callas et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8906006B2 · Chornenky et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8911430B2 · Hoey et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8911439B2 · Mayse et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8920413B2 · Danek et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8926606B2 · Davalos et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8927518B1 · Heller et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8944071B2 · Loomas et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8968210B2 · Mugan et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8974417B2 · Kimura et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8992513B2 · Delaney · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8992517B2 · Davalos et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9005189B2 · Davalos et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9017324B2 · Mayse et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9027564B2 · Danek et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9033976B2 · Danek et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9037230B2 · Goldfarb et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9078665B2 · Moss et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9095323B2 · Chu et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9101764B2 · Nuccitelli et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9108052B2 · Jarrard · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9125666B2 · Steinke et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9144449B2 · Burr et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9168373B2 · Nuccitelli et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9173704B2 · Hobbs et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9186128B2 · Mugan et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9198733B2 · Neal, II et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9199091B2 · Danek et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9211155B2 · Fruland et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9242041B2 · Kosik et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9259235B2 · Chierchia et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9265563B2 · Racz et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9272132B2 · Laufer et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9277957B2 · Long et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9283374B2 · Hollett et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9289606B2 · Paul et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9295516B2 · Pearson et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9301796B2 · Burr et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9308043B2 · Zarins et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9308044B2 · Zarins et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9314620B2 · Long et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9327122B2 · Zarins et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9332973B2 · McWeeney et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9339328B2 · Ortiz et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9339618B2 · Deem et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9358024B2 · Danek et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9375268B2 · Long · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9414881B2 · Callas et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9439726B2 · Zarins et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9486266B2 · Soltesz et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9510888B2 · Lalonde · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9526568B2 · Ohri et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9572619B2 · Laufer et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9598691B2 · Davalos · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9610067B2 · Sekikawa · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9610364B1 · Heller et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9629912B2 · Soikum et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9649153B2 · Mayse et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9649154B2 · Mayse et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9655669B2 · Palti et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9656055B2 · Weissberg et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9656066B2 · Nuccitelli et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9668809B2 · Mayse et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9675406B2 · Moss et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9675412B2 · Mayse et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9681909B2 · Bhargav et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9700368B2 · Callas et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9717552B2 · Cosman · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9724155B2 · Nuccitelli et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9788707B2 · Tinkham et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9789331B2 · Danek et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9820724B2 · Mamiya · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9820797B2 · Burr et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9833617B2 · Travers et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9867648B2 · Mulcahey et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9867652B2 · Sano et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9877708B2 · McWeeney et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9888956B2 · Model et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9895189B2 · Pearson · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9931161B2 · Willis · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9931163B2 · Danek et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9943684B2 · Nuccitelli et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9956391B2 · Weissberg et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9974609B2 · Hollett et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9987081B1 · Bowers et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9993296B2 · Ladtkow et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9999465B2 · Long et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10010666B2 · Rubinsky et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10016232B1 · Bowers et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US D831199S · Holton et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US D832426S · Holton et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10130423B1 · Viswanathan et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10136943B1 · Cosman, Jr. et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10143512B2 · Rubinsky et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10143759B1 · Heller et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10149714B2 · Mayse et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10154869B2 · Onik et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10154874B2 · Davalos et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10166071B2 · Sherman et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10172673B2 · Viswanathan et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10238447B2 · Neal et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10245105B2 · Davalos et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10271893B2 · Stewart et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10292755B2 · Arena et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10322286B2 · Viswanathan et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10391125B2 · Nuccitelli et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10426847B2 · Pierce et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10448989B2 · Arena et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10471254B2 · Sano et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10499980B2 · Shuman et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10639098B2 · Cosman · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10694972B2 · Davalos et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10702337B2 · Waldstreicher et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10779887B2 · Deem et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10849678B2 · Onik et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10874451B2 · Athos et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10939958B2 · Waldstreicher et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 10945714B2 · Ralph · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11039819B2 · Gonzalez · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11051871B2 · Nuccitelli et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11052246B2 · Stewart et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11065372B2 · Stender et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11071530B2 · Wang et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11167095B2 · Ralph et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11324543B2 · Waldstreicher et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11369433B2 · Waldstreicher et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11382681B2 · Arena et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11471208B2 · Waldstreicher et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11547851B2 · Krimsky et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11638603B2 · Sano et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11696797B2 · Onik · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11723712B2 · Athos et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11737810B2 · Davalos et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11903690B2 · Davalos et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11938317B2 · Krimsky et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11952568B2 · Neal, II et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 12059197B2 · Davalos et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 12173280B2 · Neal, II et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 12178496B2 · Jauregui Johnston et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 12201349B2 · Pearson et al. · 2025 [cited by applicant]
US 12349967B2 · Waldstreicher et al. · 2025 [cited by applicant]
US 12403305B2 · Waldstreicher et al. · 2025 [cited by applicant]
US 20010008016A1 · Kotani et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 20010020166A1 · Daly et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 20020010491A1 · Schoenbach et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020022839A1 · Stewart et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020103483A1 · Edwards · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020104318A1 · Jaafar et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020115991A1 · Edwards · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020188242A1 · Wu · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020198567A1 · Keisari et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20030170898A1 · Gundersen et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030199050A1 · Mangano et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040029240A1 · Acker · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040044338A1 · Lennox et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040047855A1 · Ingenito · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040102818A1 · Hakky et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050010270A1 · Laufer · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050049542A1 · Sigg et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050096584A1 · Ferek-Petric · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050096644A1 · Hall · 2005 [cited by examiner]
US 20050096647A1 · Steinke et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050170510A1 · Huang et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050171523A1 · Rubinsky et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050171574A1 · Rubinsky et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050171575A1 · Dev et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050177150A1 · Amoah et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050222646A1 · Kroll et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050288730A1 · Deem et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060264752A1 · Rubinsky et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060269531A1 · Beebe et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060293725A1 · Rubinsky et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060293731A1 · Rubinsky et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070021803A1 · Deem et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070025919A1 · Deem et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070083239A1 · Demarais et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070093802A1 · Danek et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070106296A1 · Laufer et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070106348A1 · Laufer · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070112349A1 · Danek et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070118184A1 · Danek et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070118190A1 · Danek et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070123958A1 · Laufer · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070129720A1 · Demarais et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070156135A1 · Rubinsky et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070191904A1 · Libbus et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070239213A1 · Palti · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080015571A1 · Rubinsky et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080071264A1 · Azure · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080132884A1 · Rubinsky et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080132885A1 · Rubinsky et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080161801A1 · Steinke et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080195174A1 · Walker et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080200912A1 · Long · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080231337A1 · Krishnaswamy et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080269586A1 · Rubinsky et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080306570A1 · Rezai et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080319372A1 · Palti et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090043301A1 · Jarrard et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090069797A1 · Danek et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090118726A1 · Auth et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090157002A1 · Dumot et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090192504A1 · Askew · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090192505A1 · Askew et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090192508A1 · Laufer et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090247933A1 · Maor et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090281477A1 · Mikus et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090292342A1 · Rubinsky et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090306644A1 · Mayse et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090318914A1 · Utley et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100004623A1 · Hamilton, Jr. et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100023004A1 · Francischelli et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100130975A1 · Long · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100152725A1 · Pearson et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100160906A1 · Jarrard · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100179530A1 · Long et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100204688A1 · Hoey et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100228248A1 · Griffin · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100240995A1 · Nuccitelli et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100256628A1 · Pearson et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100256630A1 · Hamilton, Jr. et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100261994A1 · Davalos et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100274236A1 · Krimsky · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100324616A1 · Livnat et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110112527A1 · Hamilton, Jr. et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110118732A1 · Rubinsky et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110152855A1 · Mayse et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110166565A1 · Wizeman et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110190662A1 · McWeeney · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110196288A1 · Kaplan et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110202052A1 · Gelbart et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110208166A1 · Dumot et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]