Optimization of p-xylene recovery by integration of HPLC into aromatics recovery complex
Disclosed are methods and systems for quantitation of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene in aromatics recovery complexes. High-performance liquid chromatography using a carbon stationary phase and a gradient mobile phase is performed. The carbon stationary phase can be a porous graphitic carbon stationary phase. The mobile phase includes an organic acid in water and an alcohol. The organic acid can include formic acid, and the alcohol can include methanol. The methods and systems achieve a resolution between xylene isomer peaks of greater than 2.0 when sampling industrial process streams in aromatic recovery complexes.
1. A method for the determination of concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbon components in industrial samples from an aromatics recovery complex, the method comprising the steps of:
gathering a sample from a process stream in the aromatics recovery complex;
analyzing the sample, comprising the steps of:
injecting the sample into a high-performance liquid chromatography column, wherein the high-performance liquid chromatography column comprises a carbon stationary phase, further wherein the sample comprises the aromatic hydrocarbon components, wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon components are selected from the group consisting of: benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene isomers, and combinations of the same, wherein the xylene isomers are selected from the group consisting of: o-xylene, p-xylene, m-xylene, and combinations of the same;
introducing a mobile phase into the carbon stationary phase, wherein the mobile phase comprises an organic acid in water and an alcohol;
increasing the concentration of the alcohol in the mobile phase and decreasing the concentration of the organic acid in water in the mobile phase such that the mobile phase reaches a concentration of 100% of the alcohol and 0% of the organic acid in water, such that a gradient elution is performed; then
decreasing the concentration of the alcohol in the mobile phase and increasing the concentration of the organic acid in water in the mobile phase; and
quantitating, based on the gradient elution, a concentration of the xylene isomers in the sample.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method produces a resolution of greater than 2.0 of p-xylene from o-xylene and ethyl benzene.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
preparing the sample for analysis prior to injecting the sample into a high-performance liquid chromatography column by:
diluting the sample with an alcohol, generating a first dilution;
filtering the first dilution, generating a filtered first dilution; and
diluting the filtered first dilution with alcohol.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is methanol.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of organic acid is 0.1 vol % in water.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the organic acid is formic acid.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the steps of increasing the concentration of the alcohol in the mobile phase and decreasing the concentration of the organic acid in water in the mobile phase, then decreasing the concentration of the alcohol in the mobile phase and increasing the concentration of the organic acid in water in the mobile phase, is carried out in accordance with the following time intervals and concentrations:
0.1 vol % Organic Acid
in Water (vol % of the
Alcohol (vol % of the
Time (min)
mobile phase)
mobile phase)
0.00
50
50
40.0
20
80
50.0
0
100
55.0
0
100
55.1
50
50
65.0
50
50.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon stationary phase is a porous graphitic carbon stationary phase.
9. The method of claim 1 , where the process stream comprises a hydrocarbon component, the process stream selected from the group consisting of: reformate, fuel oil, hydrodearylated products, transalkylated products, catalytic cracking products, fractionation products, thermal cracking products, steam cracking products, coal liquefaction products, gasification products, and combinations of the same.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the aromatics recovery complex comprises a unit generating the process stream, the unit selected from the group consisting of: reforming stabilizer column, reformate splitter, clay tower, hydrogenation unit, xylenes rerun column, heavy aromatics column, p-xylene separation unit, xylene isomerization unit, hydrodearylation unit, transalkylation unit, transalkylation unit stabilizer, benzene extraction unit, benzene column, toluene column, and combinations of the same.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the steps of gathering the sample from the process stream in the aromatics recovery complex, analyzing the sample, and quantitating, based on the gradient elution, a concentration of the xylene isomers in the sample is repeated at a regular intervals, and further wherein the concentration of the xylene isomers is utilized to optimize the aromatics recovery complex.
12. A system for the determination of concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbon components in industrial samples from an aromatics recovery complex, the system comprising:
a process unit;
a high-performance liquid chromatography instrument, the high-performance liquid chromatography instrument fluidly connected to the process unit, the high-performance liquid chromatography instrument comprising:
a carbon stationary phase;
a mobile phase comprising an organic acid in water and an alcohol;
a UV detector; and
a fluorescence detector;
wherein the high-performance liquid chromatography instrument is configured to perform a gradient elution such that the mobile phase reaches a concentration of 100% of the alcohol and 0% of the organic acid in water;
further wherein the high-performance liquid chromatography instrument is configured to analyze a sample gathered from a process stream in the process unit, the sample comprising aromatic hydrocarbon components, wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon components are selected from the group consisting of: benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene isomers, and combinations of the same, wherein the xylene isomers are selected from the group consisting of: o-xylene, p-xylene, m-xylene, and combinations of the same, such that a sample chromatogram can be generated.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the UV detector operates at 254 nm.
14. The system of claim 12 , wherein the fluorescence detector operates with an excitation at 200 nm and an emission at 300 nm.
15. The system of claim 12 , wherein the carbon stationary phase is a column has a length of equal to or greater than 250 mm.
16. The system of claim 12 , wherein the carbon stationary phase is a porous graphitic carbon stationary phase.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the porous graphitic carbon stationary phase is commercially available.
18. The system of claim 12 , wherein the system is configured to operate at 30° C.
19. The system of claim 12 , wherein the process unit is selected from the group consisting of: reforming stabilizer column, reformate splitter, clay tower, hydrogenation unit, xylenes rerun column, heavy aromatics column, p-xylene separation unit, xylene isomerization unit, hydrodearylation unit, transalkylation unit, transalkylation unit stabilizer, benzene extraction unit, benzene column, toluene column, and combinations of the same.