D flip-flop, processor including the d flip-flop, and computing apparatus
A D flip-flop, a processor including the D flip-flop, and a computing apparatus. A D flip-flop is provided, including: an input stage configured to receive a flip-flop input; an output stage configured to output a flip-flop output; an intermediate node disposed between an output of the input stage and an input of the output stage, where the output stage is configured to receive a signal at the intermediate node as an input; an intermediate stage configured to receive the output of the input stage and provide the output to the intermediate node; and a feedback stage configured to receive the flip-flop output and provide a feedback to the intermediate node, where the feedback stage assumes a logic-high state, a logic-low state, and a high-impedance state.
1. A D flip-flop comprising:
an input stage configured to receive a flip-flop input;
an output stage configured to output a flip-flop output;
an intermediate node disposed between an output of the input stage and an input of the output stage, wherein the output stage is configured to receive a signal at the intermediate node as an input;
an intermediate stage configured to receive an output of the input stage and provide the output to the intermediate node; and
a feedback stage configured to receive the flip-flop output and provide a feedback to the intermediate node,
wherein the feedback stage assumes a logic-high state, a logic-low state, and a high-impedance state,
wherein a potential at the intermediate node is maintained such that a use of a high-threshold transistor as a transistor connected to the intermediate node is avoided in the D flip-flop, and a threshold of the transistor connected to the intermediate node in the D flip-flop is substantially identical to thresholds of all other transistors in the D flip-flop.
2. The D flip-flop according to claim 1 , wherein the feedback stage comprises a tri-state gate that comprises:
first to fourth transistors that are sequentially connected in series, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are transistors of a first conductivity type, the third transistor and the fourth transistor are transistors of a second conductivity type that is different from the first conductivity type,
a control terminal of one of the first transistor and the second transistor is configured to be connected to the flip-flop output, and a control terminal of the other of the first transistor and the second transistor is configured to be connected to a first clock signal,
a control terminal of one of the third transistor and the fourth transistor is configured to be connected to the flip-flop output, and a control terminal of the other of the third transistor and the fourth transistor is configured to be connected to a second clock signal, wherein the second clock signal is an inverse of the first clock signal,
a node at which the second transistor and the third transistor are connected with each other is configured to be connected to the intermediate node.
3. The D flip-flop according to claim 1 , wherein the feedback stage comprises an inverter and a transmission gate connected in series,
the inverter comprises a first transistor of a first conductivity type and a fourth transistor of a second conductivity type that are connected in series, the transmission gate comprises a second transistor of the first conductivity type and a third transistor of the second conductivity type that are connected in parallel, the second conductivity type is different from the first conductivity type,
an input of the inverter is configured to be connected to the flip-flop output, an output of the inverter is configured to be connected to an input of the transmission gate, an output of the transmission gate is configured to be connected to the intermediate node,
two control terminals of the transmission gate are configured to receive a first clock signal and a second clock signal respectively, wherein the second clock signal is an inverse of the first clock signal.
4. The D flip-flop according to claim 2 , wherein:
the first conductivity type is P-type, and the second conductivity type is N-type,
when the first clock signal is high and the second clock signal is low, the feedback stage is configured to be turned off to assume the high-impedance state;
when the first clock signal is low and the second clock signal is high, the feedback stage is configured to provide a feedback to the intermediate node based on the flip-flop output.
5. The D flip-flop according to claim 1 , wherein the input stage comprises a transmission gate.
6. The D flip-flop according to claim 2 , wherein the intermediate stage is a tri-state logic configured to receive the output of the input stage as well as the first clock signal and the second clock signal, the tri-state logic is configured to assume the logic-high state, the logic-low state, and the high-impedance state based on the output of the input stage, the first clock signal, and the second clock signal.
7. The D flip-flop according to claim 6 , wherein
the tri-state logic comprises an inverter and a transmission gate, the inverter is configured to receive the output of the input stage as an input, an output of the inverter is configured to be connected to one end of the transmission gate, another end of the transmission gate is configured to be connected to the intermediate node, and control terminals of the transmission gate are configured to receive the first clock signal and the second clock signal respectively.
8. The D flip-flop according to claim 6 , wherein the tri-state logic comprises a tri-state gate that comprises:
fifth to eighth transistors that are sequentially connected in series, wherein the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor are transistors of the first conductivity type, and the seventh transistor and the eighth transistor are transistors of the second conductivity type,
a control terminal of one of the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor is configured to be connected to the output of the input stage, and a control terminal of the other of the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor is configured to be connected to the second clock signal,
a control terminal of one of the seventh transistor and the eighth transistor is configured to be connected to the output of the input stage, and a control terminal of the other of the seventh transistor and the eighth transistor is configured to be connected to the first clock signal,
a node at which the sixth transistor and the seventh transistor are connected with each other is configured to be connected to the intermediate node.
9. The D flip-flop according to claim 1 , wherein the D flip-flop is a semi-static flip-flop, and the output stage, the feedback stage, and the intermediate node constitute a latch.
10. The D flip-flop according to claim 7 , wherein the first conductivity type is P-type, and the second conductivity type is N-type,
when the first clock signal is high and the second clock signal is low, the first intermediate stage is configured to provide an output to the intermediate node based on the output of the input stage;
when the first clock signal is low and the second clock signal is high, the first intermediate stage is configured to be turned off to assume a high-impedance state.
11. The D flip-flop according to claim 1 , wherein logic toggling of an output of at least one of the input stage or the intermediate stage is triggered by an edge of a clock signal.
12. A processor comprising:
at least one D flip-flop, wherein the D flip-flop is the D flip-flop according to claim 1 .
13. The processor according to claim 12 , wherein the at least one D flip-flop comprises a plurality of D flip-flops; and the processor further comprises:
a clock circuit configured to provide a desired clock signal to each of the plurality of D flip-flops.
14. The processor according to claim 13 , wherein the clock circuit comprises a first inverter and a second inverter connected in series, the first inverter is configured to receive a clock signal and output a first clock signal, and the second inverter is configured to receive the first clock signal and output a second clock signal,
the first clock signal and the second clock signal are provided to each of the plurality of D flip-flops.
15. A computing apparatus comprising the processor according to claim 12 .
16. The computing apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the computing apparatus is a computing apparatus for digital currency.
17. The D flip-flop according to claim 3 , wherein:
the first conductivity type is P-type, and the second conductivity type is N-type,
when the first clock signal is high and the second clock signal is low, the feedback stage is configured to be turned off to assume the high-impedance state;
when the first clock signal is low and the second clock signal is high, the feedback stage is configured to provide a feedback to the intermediate node based on the flip-flop output.
18. The D flip-flop according to claim 3 , wherein the intermediate stage is a tri-state logic configured to receive the output of the input stage as well as the first clock signal and the second clock signal, the tri-state logic is configured to assume the logic-high state, the logic-low state, and the high-impedance state based on the output of the input stage, the first clock signal, and the second clock signal.
19. The D flip-flop according to claim 8 , wherein the first conductivity type is P-type, and the second conductivity type is N-type,
when the first clock signal is high and the second clock signal is low, the first intermediate stage is configured to provide an output to the intermediate node based on the output of the input stage;
when the first clock signal is low and the second clock signal is high, the first intermediate stage is configured to be turned off to assume a high-impedance state.