Microorganisms and methods for producing cannabinoids and cannabinoid derivatives
The present disclosure provides genetically modified host cells that produce a cannabinoid, a cannabinoid derivative, a cannabinoid precursor, or a cannabinoid precursor derivative. The present disclosure provides methods of synthesizing a cannabinoid, a cannabinoid derivative, a cannabinoid precursor, or a cannabinoid precursor derivative.
1. A genetically modified host cell for producing a cannabinoid or a cannabinoid derivative, the cell comprising one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a geranyl pyrophosphate:olivetolic acid geranyltransferase, wherein the geranyltransferase catalyzes in the cell production of cannabigerolic acid from geranyl pyrophosphate and olivetolic acid in an amount at least ten times higher than CsPT1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:82, wherein the geranyltransferase is Cannabis sativa CsPT4 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:110 or a truncated version thereof.
2. The genetically modified host cell of claim 1 , wherein the geranyltransferase is CsPT4t comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:100.
3. The genetically modified host cell of claim 1 , wherein the genetically modified host cell further comprises one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a tetraketide synthase (TKS) polypeptide and one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding an olivetolic acid (OAC) polypeptide, or one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a fusion TKS and OAC polypeptide.
4. The genetically modified host cell of claim 1 , wherein the genetically modified host cell further comprises one or more of the following:
a) one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a polypeptide that generates an acyl-CoA compound or an acyl-CoA compound derivative;
b) one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a polypeptide that generates geranyl pyrophosphate; or
c) one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a polypeptide that generates malonyl-CoA.
5. The genetically modified host cell of claim 4 , further comprising:
one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a polypeptide that generates an acyl-CoA compound or an acyl-CoA compound derivative, wherein the polypeptide that generates an acyl-CoA compound or an acyl-CoA compound derivative is an acyl-activating enzyme (AAE) polypeptide;
one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a polypeptide that generates an acyl-CoA compound or an acyl-CoA compound derivative, wherein the polypeptide that generates an acyl-CoA compound or an acyl-CoA compound derivative is a fatty acyl-CoA ligase polypeptide;
one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a polypeptide that generates an acyl-CoA compound or an acyl-CoA compound derivative, wherein the polypeptide that generates an acyl-CoA compound or an acyl-CoA compound derivative is a fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (FAA) polypeptide;
one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a polypeptide that generates geranyl pyrophosphate, wherein the polypeptide that generates geranyl pyrophosphate is a geranyl pyrophosphate synthetase (GPPS) polypeptide; or
one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a polypeptide that generates malonyl-CoA, wherein the polypeptide that generates malonyl-CoA is an acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC1) polypeptide.
6. The genetically modified host cell of claim 1 , further comprising one or more of the following:
a) one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a HMG-CoA synthase (HMGS) polypeptide;
b) one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) polypeptide;
c) one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a mevalonate kinase (MK) polypeptide;
d) one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a phosphomevalonate kinase (PMK) polypeptide;
e) one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase (MVD) polypeptide; or
f) one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI) polypeptide.
7. The genetically modified host cell of claim 1 , further comprising one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a polypeptide that condenses two molecules of acetyl-CoA a to generate acetoacetyl-CoA.
8. The genetically modified host cell of claim 1 , further comprising one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) polypeptide.
9. The genetically modified host cell of claim 1 , wherein the cell is a yeast cell.
10. The genetically modified host cell of claim 1 , wherein:
at least one of the one or more heterologous nucleic acids is integrated into the chromosome of the genetically modified host cell;
at least one of the one or more heterologous nucleic acids is maintained extrachromosomally;
two or more of the one or more heterologous nucleic acids are present in a single expression vector;
at least one of the heterologous nucleic acids is operably linked to an inducible promoter; or
at least one of the heterologous nucleic acids is operably linked to a constitutive promoter.
11. The genetically modified host cell of claim 1 , wherein the genetically modified host cell further comprises one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a cannabinoid a synthase polypeptide.
12. The genetically modified host cell of claim 1 , wherein the cannabinoid is cannabigerolic acid, cannabigerol, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, Δ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiolic acid, cannabidiol, cannabichromenic acid, cannabichromene, cannabinolic acid, cannabinol, cannabidivarinic acid, cannabidivarin, tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid, tetrahydrocannabivarin, cannabichromevarinic acid, cannabichromevarin, cannabigerovarinic acid, cannabigerovarin, cannabicyclolic acid, a cannabicyclol, cannabielsoinic acid, cannabielsoin, cannabicitranic acid, or cannabicitran.
13. A method of producing a cannabinoid or a cannabinoid derivative in a genetically modified host cell, the method comprising:
a) culturing the genetically modified host cell of claim 1 in a medium to produce the cannabinoid or cannabinoid derivative; and
b) recovering the produced cannabinoid or cannabinoid derivative.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the medium comprises:
a carboxylic acid; or
olivetolic acid or an olivetolic acid derivative.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the medium comprises:
a fermentable sugar,
a pretreated cellulosic feedstock or a non-fermentable carbon source.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the cannabinoid is cannabigerolic acid, cannabigerol, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, Δ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiolic acid, cannabidiol, cannabichromenic acid, cannabichromene, cannabinolic acid, cannabinol, cannabidivarinic acid, cannabidivarin, tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid, tetrahydrocannabivarin, cannabichromevarinic acid, cannabichromevarin, cannabigerovarinic acid, cannabigerovarin, cannabicyclolic acid, cannabicyclol, cannabielsoinic acid, cannabielsoin, cannabicitranic acid, or cannabicitran.
17. The genetically modified host cell of claim 1 , wherein the cell is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
18. The genetically modified host cell of claim 1 , wherein the cell is a protease-deficient strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the medium comprises:
a carboxylic acid; and
olivetolic acid or an olivetolic acid derivative.