Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO
A nitric oxide delivery system, which includes a gas bottle having nitrogen dioxide in air, converts nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide and employs a surface-active material, such as silica gel, coated with an aqueous solution of antioxidant, such as ascorbic acid. A nitric oxide delivery system may be used to generate therapeutic gas including nitric oxide for use in delivering the therapeutic gas to a mammal.
1. A system for generating a therapeutic gas including nitric oxide for use in delivering the therapeutic gas to a mammal comprising:
a pressure regulator diffusing gaseous nitrogen dioxide into a gas flow; wherein the gas flow comprises nitrogen (N 2 ), air, oxygen (O 2 ), or a combination thereof, and
a receptacle configured to attach to the pressure regulator, the receptacle capable of converting gaseous nitric dioxide to nitric oxide and including an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is configured to receive the gas flow and fluidly communicate the flow to the outlet,
wherein the system is capable of providing a flow from the outlet of the receptable with a gaseous nitric oxide dose of 5 ppm to 200 ppm without providing toxic amounts of gaseous nitrogen dioxide.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pressure regulator diffuses gaseous nitrogen dioxide into gas flow, wherein the gas flow is configured to be between 5 to 60 liters per minute.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous nitric oxide dose is 5 ppm to 100 ppm.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous nitric oxide dose is 100 ppm to 200 ppm.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the receptacle includes a surface-active material that is capable of converting the gaseous nitrogen dioxide flowing therethrough to nitric oxide at ambient temperature.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the receptacle has a pressure drop of between 0.001 and 0.05 psi.
7. The system of claim 5 , wherein the surface-active material is coated with an aqueous solution of an antioxidant.
8. The system of claim 5 , wherein the surface-active material is saturated with an aqueous solution of the antioxidant.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the antioxidant comprises ascorbic acid.
10. The system of claim 8 , wherein the antioxidant comprises alpha tocopherol or gamma tocopherol.
11. The system of claim 5 , wherein the surface-active material comprises a substrate that retains water.
12. The system of claim 5 , wherein the surface-active material comprises a silica gel.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the receptacle comprises a cartridge.
14. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a source of liquid nitrogen dioxide in fluid communication with the pressure regulator.
15. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a nitric dioxide shut off valve to cut off the flow of nitric dioxide to the gas flow.
16. A system for generating a therapeutic gas including nitric oxide for use in delivering the therapeutic gas to a mammal comprising: a pressure regulator diffusing gaseous nitrogen dioxide into a gas flow, wherein the gas flow comprises nitrogen (N 2 ), air, oxygen (O 2 ), or a combination thereof; and a receptacle configured to attach to the pressure regulator, the receptacle capable of converting gaseous nitric dioxide to nitric oxide and including an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is configured to receive the gas flow and fluidly communicate the flow to the outlet, wherein the system is capable of providing a flow from the outlet of the receptable with a gaseous nitric oxide dose of 200 ppm to 5000 ppm.
17. The system of claim 16 , further comprising a cartridge that includes activated alumina and that is in fluid communication with the flow from the outlet for removing gaseous nitric dioxide.