Carbon dioxide multiphase flow measurement based on dielectric permittivity
Methods and apparatus for determining mass flow rate of a CO 2 rich stream using dielectric permittivity are described. A method herein measures a dielectric permittivity of a CO 2 rich stream; determines a density of the CO 2 rich stream from the measured dielectric permittivity; determines a viscosity of the CO 2 rich stream from the measured dielectric permittivity; measures a pressure drop of the CO 2 rich stream flowing through a flow restriction; and determines mass flow rate of the CO 2 rich stream using the measured pressure drop, the determined density, and the determined viscosity.
1 . A method for a flow measurement device, comprising:
restricting a flow of a CO 2 rich stream flowing in a flow pathway of the flow measurement device using a flow restriction in the flow pathway of the flow measurement device;
disposing a first microwave transmitter-receiver pair respectively opposing each other across the flow pathway on an interior surface along a first diameter of the flow pathway at an outlet side of the flow restriction in the flow pathway of the flow measurement device;
disposing a second microwave transmitter-receiver pair respectively opposing each other across the flow pathway on the interior surface of the flow pathway along a second diameter of the flow pathway, the second diameter intersecting the first diameter;
disposing a differential pressure instrument across the flow restriction in the flow pathway of the flow measurement device;
measuring, by the first microwave transmitter-receiver pair and the second microwave transmitter-receiver pair, a dielectric permittivity of the CO 2 rich stream flowing in the flow pathway of the flow measurement device;
determining, by the flow measurement device, a density of the CO 2 rich stream from the measured dielectric permittivity;
determining, by the flow measurement device, a viscosity of the CO 2 rich stream from the measured dielectric permittivity;
measuring, by the differential pressure instrument across the flow restriction in the flow pathway, a pressure drop of the CO 2 rich stream flowing through the flow restriction; and
determining, by the flow measurement device, a mass flow rate of the CO 2 rich stream using the measured pressure drop, the determined density, and the determined viscosity.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
measuring, by the flow measurement device, a dielectric permittivity at the interior surface of the flow pathway;
detecting, by a microwave reflection sensor disposed at an inlet side of the flow restriction on the interior surface of the flow pathway of the flow measurement device, a presence and a salinity of a free water at the interior surface;
resolving, by the flow measurement device, a volumetric fraction of the free water; and
ascertaining, by the flow measurement device, a dielectric permittivity of a water-free portion of the CO 2 rich stream from the measured dielectric permittivity of the CO 2 rich stream and the free water volumetric fraction.
3 . The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
disposing a temperature sensor on the interior surface of the flow pathway of the flow measurement device;
measuring, by the temperature sensor, a temperature of the CO 2 rich stream; and
determining a permittivity of the free water volumetric fraction from the measured dielectric permittivity and temperature of the CO 2 rich stream.
4 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
measuring, by the flow measurement device, a dielectric permittivity across the flow pathway;
detecting, by the flow measurement device, a dispersed water volumetric fraction; and
ascertaining, by the flow measurement device, a dielectric permittivity of a water-free portion of the CO 2 rich stream from the measured dielectric permittivity of the CO 2 rich stream and the dispersed water volumetric fraction.
5 . A flow measurement device, comprising:
a flow pathway including an interior surface;
a flow restriction in the flow pathway, the flow restriction being configured to restrict a flow of a CO 2 rich stream flowing in the flow pathway;
a first microwave transmitter-receiver pair respectively opposing each other across the flow pathway on an interior surface along a first diameter of the flow pathway at an outlet side of the flow restriction in the flow pathway of the flow measurement device, the first microwave transmitter-receiver pair being configured to measure a dielectric permittivity of the CO 2 rich stream flowing in the flow pathway;
a second microwave transmitter-receiver pair respectively opposing each other across the flow pathway on the interior surface of the flow pathway along a second diameter of the flow pathway, the second microwave transmitter-receiver pair being configured to measure the dielectric permittivity of the CO 2 rich stream flowing in the flow pathway, the second diameter intersecting the first diameter;
a differential pressure instrument disposed across the flow restriction in the flow pathway, the differential pressure instrument being configured to measure a pressure drop, across the flow restriction, of the CO 2 rich stream flowing through the flow restriction; and
a digital processing system configured to:
determine a density of the CO 2 rich stream from the measured dielectric permittivity;
determine a viscosity of the CO 2 rich stream from the measured dielectric permittivity; and
determine a mass flow rate of the CO 2 rich stream using the measured pressure drop, the determined density, and the determined viscosity.
6 . The flow measurement device of claim 5 , further comprising:
a microwave reflection sensor disposed at an inlet side of the flow restriction on the interior surface of the flow pathway of the flow measurement device, the microwave reflection sensor being configured to detect a presence and a salinity of a free water at the interior surface,
wherein the first microwave transmitter-receiver pair is further configured to measure a dielectric permittivity at the interior surface of the flow pathway, and
wherein the digital processing system is further configured to:
resolve a volumetric fraction of the free water, and
ascertain a dielectric permittivity of a water-free portion of the CO 2 rich stream from the measured dielectric permittivity of the CO 2 rich stream and the free water volumetric fraction.
7 . The flow measurement device of claim 6 , further comprising:
a temperature sensor disposed on the interior surface of the flow pathway, the temperature sensor being configured to measure a temperature of the CO 2 rich stream; and
the digital processing system is further configured to determine a permittivity of the free water volumetric fraction from the measured dielectric permittivity and temperature of the CO 2 rich stream.
8 . The flow measurement device of claim 5 , wherein:
the first microwave transmitter-receiver pair is further configured to measure a dielectric permittivity across the flow pathway; and
the digital processing system is further configured to:
detect a dispersed water volumetric fraction; and
ascertain a dielectric permittivity of a water-free portion of the CO 2 rich stream from the measured dielectric permittivity of the CO 2 rich stream and the dispersed water volumetric fraction.