Method of measuring a multiphase flow
A method of measuring the permittivity and/or conductivity of a multiphase fluid flowing through a conduit is provided. The method includes the steps of measuring the signal from a first electromagnetic transmitter to a first electromagnetic receiver separated by a first distance, measuring the signal from the first electromagnetic transmitter to a second electromagnetic receiver separated by a second distance, measuring the signal from a second electromagnetic transmitter to the first electromagnetic receiver separated by a distance substantially equal to the second distance, measuring the signal from the second electromagnetic transmitter to the second electromagnetic receiver separated by a distance substantially equal to the first distance, and wherein the first and second distances are substantially different. This is followed by the step of combining the four signals to obtain a measurement of the phase-shift and amplitude-attenuation substantially independent of the gain values applied to the receivers and transmitters to provide an estimate of the mixture permittivity and/or conductivity of the multiphase fluid.
1. A method of measuring the permittivity and/or conductivity of a multiphase fluid flowing through a conduit, the method comprising
measuring the signal from a first electromagnetic transmitter to a first electromagnetic receiver separated by a first distance across the conduit,
measuring the signal from the first electromagnetic transmitter to a second electromagnetic receiver separated by a second distance across the conduit,
measuring the signal from a second electromagnetic transmitter to the first electromagnetic receiver separated by a distance substantially equal to the second distance across the conduit,
measuring the signal from the second electromagnetic transmitter to the second electromagnetic receiver separated by a distance substantially equal to the first distance across the conduit,
wherein the first and second distances are substantially different and wherein any variation in gain values applied to the transmitters and receivers affects the measurements of signals;
using a ratio of the signals received by the first and second receivers from the first transmitter to derive a first measurement of phase shift and amplitude attenuation;
using a ratio of the signals received by the first and second receivers from the second transmitter to derive a second measurement of phase shift and amplitude attenuation; and
avoiding dependence on gain values by averaging the first and second measurements of phase shift and amplitude attenuation to obtain a measurement of the phase-shift and amplitude attenuation which is independent of the gain values applied to the receivers and transmitters and thereby provide an estimate of the permittivity and/or conductivity of the multiphase fluid.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein a transmitting and receiving antenna is able to operate as a pure magnetic dipole and/or as a pure electric dipole.
3. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the transmitting and receiving antennas are able to operate as both pure magnetic and pure electric dipoles.
4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the signals are transmitted at one or more frequencies in the range of from 10 MHz to 10 GHz.
5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the difference between the first and the second distance is at least 10%, more preferably at least 20%.
6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein “substantially equal” means that the respective distances are within 1% of the first and second distance respectively, preferably within 0.5%.
7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the conduit has a circular cross-section.
8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the first distance spans substantially diametrically across the conduit and the second distance spans substantially adjacent an inside wall of the conduit.
9. A method according to claim 1 , carried out in a surface topside, subsea wellhead or downhole environment.
10. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the transmitters and receivers are flush mounted in the wall of the conduit.