Composite airfoil with integrated anti-icing for an aircraft propulsion system
An apparatus is provided for an aircraft propulsion system. This apparatus includes an airfoil and an electric heater. The airfoil includes a fiber-reinforced composite and an exterior surface. The fiber-reinforced composite includes a plurality of fibers embedded within a matrix. The electric heater includes an electric heating element. The electric heater is configured to melt and/or prevent ice accumulation on the exterior surface. The electric heating element is integrated with the fibers and embedded within the matrix.
1 . An apparatus for an aircraft propulsion system, comprising:
an airfoil comprising a fiber-reinforced composite and an exterior surface, the fiber-reinforced composite comprising a plurality of fibers embedded within a matrix; and
a thermal anti-icing system, the thermal anti-icing system including an electric heater, the electric heater comprising a conductive filament, the electric heater configured to melt and/or prevent ice accumulation on the exterior surface, and the conductive filament integrated with the plurality of fibers and embedded within the matrix,
wherein the conductive filament is integrated with the plurality of fibers as an addition to all of the plurality of fibers, and
wherein the conductive filament is arranged with and follows a respective fiber of the plurality of fibers.
2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the conductive filament is woven with the plurality of fibers into a weave, and the weave is embedded within the matrix.
3 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the conductive filament is integrated into a cloth formed from the plurality of fibers, and the cloth is embedded within the matrix.
4 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein
the plurality of fibers includes a first fiber, a second fiber and a third fiber, the first fiber is parallel with the second fiber, and the third fiber is parallel with the conductive filament;
a first portion of the third fiber is above and crosses the first fiber, and a second portion of the third fiber is below and crosses the second fiber; and
a first portion of the conductive filament is below and crosses the first fiber, and a second portion of the conductive filament is above and crosses the second fiber.
5 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein
the plurality of fibers are woven together; and
the conductive filament passes through interstices between the plurality of fibers.
6 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein
the conductive filament is one of a plurality of conductive filaments integrated with the plurality of fibers and embedded within the matrix; and
a ratio of the plurality of fibers to the plurality of conductive filaments is between 1:10 and 1:1000.
7 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein
the electric heater is configured to melt and/or prevent ice accumulation on the exterior surface along a length of a span of the airfoil; and
the length is equal to or greater than seventy-five percent of the span.
8 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein
the electric heater is configured to melt and/or prevent ice accumulation on the exterior surface along a length of a span of the airfoil; and
the length is less than seventy-five percent of the span.
9 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electric heater is configured to melt and/or prevent ice accumulation on the exterior surface along a leading edge of the airfoil.
10 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electric heater is configured to melt and/or prevent ice accumulation on the exterior surface along a pressure side of the airfoil.
11 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of fibers comprise at least one of fiberglass fibers, carbon fibers or aramid fibers.
12 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the matrix comprises a polymer matrix.
13 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein
the airfoil comprises a body and a protective coating over at least a portion of the body;
the body comprises the fiber-reinforced composite; and
the protective coating forms the exterior surface.
14 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a rotor blade comprising the airfoil.
15 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a guide vane comprising the airfoil.
16 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein
the aircraft propulsion system is configured as an open rotor aircraft propulsion system; and
the airfoil is arranged at an exterior of the open rotor aircraft propulsion system.
17 . An apparatus for an aircraft propulsion system, comprising:
an airfoil comprising an exterior surface, a matrix and a sheet of a plurality of woven fibers within the matrix; and
a thermal anti-icing system, the thermal anti-icing system including an electric heater, the electric heater configured as a metal wire, the electric heater configured to melt and/or prevent ice accumulation on the exterior surface, and the metal wire integrated with the sheet of the plurality of woven fibers and disposed within the matrix,
wherein the metal wire is integrated with the sheet of the plurality of woven fibers as an addition to all of the plurality of woven fibers, and
wherein the metal wire is arranged with and follows a respective woven fiber of the plurality of woven fibers.
18 . A system, comprising:
an open rotor aircraft propulsion system comprising an open propulsor rotor, an open guide vane and a thermal anti-icing system, the thermal anti-icing system including an electric heater;
the open guide vane arranged downstream of the open propulsor rotor, the open guide vane comprising an airfoil, the airfoil arranged at an exterior of the open rotor aircraft propulsion system, and the airfoil comprising a fiber-reinforced composite and an exterior surface, the fiber-reinforced composite comprising a plurality of fibers embedded within a matrix; and
the electric heater configured to melt and/or prevent ice accumulation on the exterior surface, and the electric heater comprising a conductive filament integrated with the airfoil,
wherein the conductive filament is integrated with the airfoil as an addition to all of the plurality of fibers, and
wherein the conductive filament is arranged with and follows a respective fiber of the plurality of fibers.