IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,672,643
Granted Patent B2
US 12,672,643 · App. 18/152,086 · Granted Jul 7, 2026

Genetically modified non-human animals and methods of use thereof

Inventors: Dietmar Herndler-Brandstetter (New Haven, CT); Richard A. Flavell (Guilford, CT); Davor Frleta (Tarrytown, NY); Cagan Gurer (Tarrytown, NY); Markus Gabriel Manz (Zurich, CH); Andrew J. Murphy (Tarrytown, NY); Noah W. Palm (New Haven, CT); Liang Shan (New Haven, CT); Sean Stevens (Del Mar, CA); Till Strowig (Braunschweig, DE); George D. Yancopoulos (Yorktown Heights, NY); Marcel de Zoete (Amersfoort, NL)
Assignees: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Yale University; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB)
A01K67/0278A01K67/0271A61K49/0008A01K2207/12A01K2217/072A01K2217/15A01K2227/105A01K2267/0331A01K2267/0337
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,672,643
App. No.
18/152,086
Filed
Jan 9, 2023
Granted
Jul 7, 2026
Kind
B2
Art Unit
1638
USPC
800/3
Abstract

Genetically modified non-human animals expressing human SIRPα and human IL-15 from the non-human animal genome are provided. Also provided are methods for making non-human animals expressing human SIRPα and human IL-15 from the non-human animal genome, and methods for using non-human animals expressing human SIRPα and human IL-15 from the non-human animal genome. These animals and methods find many uses in the art, including, for example, in modeling human T cell and/or natural killer (NK) cell development and function, in modeling human pathogen infection of human T cells and/or NK cells, and in various in vivo screens.

Claims (24)

1 . A genetically modified mouse comprising in its genome:

a humanized SIRPα gene comprising exon 1 of a mouse SIRPα gene, exons 2, 3 and 4 of a human SIRPα gene, and exons 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the mouse SIRPα gene, wherein the humanized SIRPα gene is operably linked to a mouse SIRPα promoter at the endogenous mouse SIRPα locus, and expresses in the mouse a humanized SIRPα protein comprising an extracellular portion of the human SIRPα protein encoded by the human SIRPα gene and an intracellular portion of the mouse SIRPα protein encoded by the mouse SIRPα gene; and

a humanized IL-15 gene comprising exons 3 and 4 of a mouse IL-15 gene and exons 5, 6, 7 and 8 of a human IL-15 gene, wherein the humanized IL-15 gene is operably linked to a mouse IL-15 promoter at the endogenous mouse IL-15 locus, and expresses in the mouse a humanized IL-15 protein.

2 . The genetically modified mouse of claim 1 , wherein the genetically modified mouse is heterozygous for the humanized SIRPα gene.

3 . The genetically modified mouse of claim 1 , wherein the genetically modified mouse is homozygous for the humanized SIRPα gene.

4 . The genetically modified mouse of claim 1 , wherein the genetically modified mouse is heterozygous for the humanized IL-15 gene.

5 . The genetically modified mouse of claim 1 , wherein the genetically modified mouse is homozygous for the humanized IL-15 gene.

6 . The genetically modified mouse of claim 1 , wherein the genetically modified mouse is immunodeficient.

7 . The genetically modified mouse of claim 6 , wherein the genetically modified mouse comprises a Rag2 gene knock-out.

8 . The genetically modified mouse of claim 6 , wherein the genetically modified mouse comprises an IL2rg gene knock-out.

9 . The genetically modified mouse of claim 6 , wherein the genetically modified mouse comprises a Rag2 gene knock-out and an IL2rg gene knock-out.

10 . The genetically modified mouse of claim 6 , wherein the genetically modified mouse comprises an engraftment of human hematopoietic cells.

11 . The genetically modified mouse of claim 10 , wherein the genetically modified mouse comprises an infection with a human pathogen.

12 . The genetically modified mouse of claim 11 , wherein the human pathogen activates, induces and/or targets T cells.

13 . The genetically modified mouse of claim 11 , wherein the human pathogen activates, induces and/or targets natural killer (NK) cells.

14 . The genetically modified mouse of claim 11 , wherein the human pathogen is a pathogen that infects human intestine.

15 . The genetically modified mouse of claim 14 , wherein the human pathogen is a human rotavirus.

16 . The genetically modified mouse of claim 11 , wherein the human pathogen is a pathogen that infects human lung.

17 . The genetically modified mouse of claim 16 , wherein the human pathogen is an influenza virus.

18 . The genetically modified mouse of claim 6 , wherein the genetically modified mouse comprises a transplanted tumor.

19 . The genetically modified mouse of claim 1 , wherein:

the humanized SIRPα gene comprises a replacement of exons 2, 3 and 4 of the mouse SIRPα gene at the endogenous mouse SIRPα locus with exons 2, 3 and 4 of the human SIRPα gene;

the humanized IL-15 gene comprises a replacement of exons 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the mouse IL-15 gene at the endogenous mouse IL-15 locus with exons 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the human IL-15 gene; and

the genetically modified mouse is homozygous for the humanized SIRPα gene.

Assignments (3)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded May 2, 2023
From: HERNDLER-BRANDSTETTER, DIETMAR; SHAN, LIANG; DE ZOETE, MARCEL; PALM, NOAH W.; FLAVELL, RICHARD A.; STROWIG, TILL
To: YALE UNIVERSITY
Reel/Frame 063512/0354 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded May 2, 2023
From: FRLETA, DAVOR; GURER, CAGAN; MURPHY, ANDREW J.; STEVENS, SEAN; YANCOPOULOS, GEORGE D.
To: REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
Reel/Frame 063512/0315 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded May 2, 2023
From: MANZ, MARKUS GABRIEL
To: INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN BIOMEDICINE (IRB)
Reel/Frame 063512/0378 →
Continuity (7)
Continuation 16782708 · Feb 5, 2020
Continuation 15954450 · Apr 16, 2018
Continuation 15097239 · Apr 12, 2016
Provisional Application 62287842 · Jan 27, 2016
Provisional Application 62148667 · Apr 16, 2015
Provisional Application 62146938 · Apr 13, 2015
Related Publication 20230292721A1 · Sep 21, 2023
References Cited (400)
US 4736866A · Leder et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4870009A · Evans et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 5222982A · Ommaya · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5385582A · Ommaya · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5573930A · Ladner et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5583278A · Alt et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5633426A · Namikawa et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5652373A · Reisner et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5663481A · Gallinger et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5681729A · Kudo et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5709843A · Reisner et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5750826A · Borkowski et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5849288A · Reisner et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5866757A · Reisner et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6018096A · Keating et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6248721B1 · Chang · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6353150B1 · Dick et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6455756B1 · Chen et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6586251B2 · Economides et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 7273753B2 · Crawford et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7294754B2 · Poueymirou et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7576259B2 · Poueymirou et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7659442B2 · Poueymirou et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7759541B2 · Wolf et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 8541646B2 · Stevens et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8692052B2 · Stevens et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8847004B2 · Murphy et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8878001B2 · Wang et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 9127292B2 · Murphy et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9155290B2 · Rojas · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9193977B2 · Murphy et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9301509B2 · Stevens et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9402377B2 · Flavell · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9462794B2 · Murphy et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9554563B2 · Stevens et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9655352B2 · Murphy et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9820476B2 · Flavell et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9901082B2 · Flavell et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9986724B2 · Flavell et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10278374B2 · Stevens · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10433527B2 · Flavell et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10561126B2 · Herndler-Brandstetter et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 11051499B2 · Stevens · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20020037523A1 · Ruben et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20030028911A1 · Huang et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20050208474A1 · Lau et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20070254842A1 · Bankiewicz · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080081064A1 · Jelle et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080311095A1 · Holmes et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090196903A1 · Kliman · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20110200982A1 · Stevens et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120157667A1 · Chen qingfeng · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130022996A1 · Stevens et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130024957A1 · Stevens et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130042330A1 · Murphy et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130117873A1 · Wang et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140090095A1 · Stevens et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140134662A1 · Flavell et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150047061A1 · Murphy et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150089678A1 · Murphy et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150089679A1 · Murphy et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150208622A1 · Flavell et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150327524A1 · Murphy et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160050896A1 · Murphy et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160295844A1 · Herndler-Brandstetter et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160366862A1 · Flavell et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160374321A1 · Murphy et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170172121A1 · Murphy et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170273285A1 · Murphy et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180020647A1 · Flavell et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180049413A1 · Flavell et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180295820A1 · Herndler-Brandstetter et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190216779A1 · Basta et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190297862A1 · Stevens et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200093105A1 · Flavell et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20210368752A1 · Flavell et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20220000084A1 · Murphy et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
AU 2013204613A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
CN 1748143 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
CN 101250553 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
EP 0322240 · 1989 [cited by applicant]
EP 0438053 · 1991 [cited by applicant]
EP 0517199 · 1992 [cited by applicant]
EP 1452093 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
GB 2434578A · 2007 [cited by applicant]
JP 2002501375 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
JP 2007312772A · 2007 [cited by applicant]
JP 2009542253 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
RU 2425880 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1988003173 · 1988 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1989012823 · 1989 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1991016910 · 1991 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1991018615 · 1991 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1993005796 · 1993 [cited by applicant]
WO WO200115521 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2002066630 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2003018744 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2003039232 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2004005496 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2004022738 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2004044003 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2004060052 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008069659 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008153742 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2009034328 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2009042917 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008010100 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011002721 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011002727 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011044050 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012040207 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012051572 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012112544 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013063556 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014039782 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014071397 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015042557 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015179317 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
Abadie V., et al; (2014) “IL-15: a central regulator of celiac disease immunopathology”; [cited by applicant]
Abboud et al., “Analysis of the Mouse CSF-1 Gene Promoter in a Transgenic Mouse Model” [cited by applicant]
Alves et al.; “Characterization of the thymic IL-7 niche in vivo”; [cited by applicant]
Angulo-Barturen Inigo, et al; “A Murine Model of falciparum-Malaria by In Vivo Selection of Competent Strains in Non-Myelodepleted Mice Engrafted with Human Erythrocytes”; [cited by applicant]
Appenheimer et al (2007) “Conservation of IL-6 trans-signaling mechanisms controlling L-selectin adhesion by fever-range thermal stress”; Eur J Immunol. 37(10):2856-67. [cited by applicant]
Arranz Eduardo and Garrote Jose A. (2011) “IL-15 modulates the effect of retinoic acid, promoting inflammation rather than oral tolerance to dietary antigen”; [cited by applicant]
Auffray et al., (2009), “Blood monocytes: development, heterogeneity, and relationship with dendritic cells”; [cited by applicant]
Badell et al. (2000) “Human malaria in immunocompromised mice: an in vivo model to study defense mechanisms against Plasmodium falciparum”; [cited by applicant]
Baenziger et al., (2006), “Disseminated and Sustained HIV Infection in CD34 [cited by applicant]
Bartley, T.D. et al. (1994) Identification and cloning of a megakaryocyte growth and development factor that is a ligand for the cytokine receptor Mpl, [cited by applicant]
Becker et al., (2010), “Generation of Human Antigen-Specific Monoclonal IgM Antibodies Using Vaccinated Human Immune System Mice”; [cited by applicant]
Bergsagel et al.; (2005); “Cyclin D dysregulation: an early and unifying pathogenic event in multiple myeloma”; [cited by applicant]
Bernard, et al; “Establishing humanized mice using stem cells: maximizing the potential”; Clinical & Experimental Immunology vol. 152, Issue 3, pp. 406-414, (Jun. 2008). [cited by applicant]
Bernier et al. (2001) “M-CSF Transgenic Mice: Role of M-CSF in Infection and Autoimmunity”; Exp. Toxic Pathology. 53: pp. 165-173. [cited by applicant]
Biedzka-Sarek; et al. “How to outwit the enemy: dendritic cells face [cited by applicant]
Billerbeck, et al.(2011) “Development of human CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in human stem cell factor-, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-, and interleukin-3-expressing NOD-SCID IL2Rγ(null) humanized mic… [cited by applicant]
Bingle et al., (2002), “The role of tumour-associated macrophages in tumour progression: implications for new anticancer therapies”; [cited by applicant]
Bird et al., (1988), “Single-Chain Antigen-Binding Proteins”; [cited by applicant]
Bock; et al. “Improved Engraftment of Humanized Hematopoeitic Cells in Severe Combined Immunodeficient (SCID) Mice Carrying Human Cytokine Transgenes”, [cited by applicant]
Bosma et al. (1989), “The mouse mutation severe combined immune deficiency (scid) is on chromosome 16”; [cited by applicant]
Brehm et al., (2012), “Engraftment of human HSCs in nonirradiated newborn NOD-scid IL2ry [cited by applicant]
Brehm; et al.“Parameters for establishing humanized mouse models to study human immunity: Analysis of human hematopoeitic stem cell engraftment in three immunodeficient strains of mice bearing the IL2ry null mutation”, [cited by applicant]
Budzynski, et al (1994) “Cytotoxic cells in immunodeficient athymic mice”; [cited by applicant]
Burger et al., (2001) “Gp130 and ras mediated signaling in human plasma cell line INA-6: a cytokine-regulated tumor model for plasmacytoma”; [cited by applicant]
Calvi; et al. “Osteoblastic cells regulate the haematopoietic stem cell niche”, [cited by applicant]
Campbell et al., “Neurologic disease induced in transgenic mice by cerebral overexpression of interleukin 6,” [cited by applicant]
Carstea, et al. (2009) “Germline competence of mouse ES and iPS cell lines: Chimera technologies and genetic background”; [cited by applicant]
Chang, et al (2015) “Anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody enhances antitumor immunity by modulating tumor-infiltrating Tregs in an ovarian cancer xenograft humanized mouse model”; [cited by applicant]
Chen et al., “Expression of human cytokines dramatically improves reconstitution of specific human-blood lineage cells in humanized mice” [cited by applicant]
Chen et al., (2012) “Human extramedullary bone marrow in mice: a novel in vivo model of genetically controlled hematopoietic microenvironment”; Blood 119(21); pp. 4971-4980. [cited by applicant]
Cheng et al., “Therapeutic Antibodies Targeting CSF1 Impede Macrophage Recruitment in a Xenograft Model of Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor” [cited by applicant]
Chicha et al. “Human Adaptive Immune System Rag2-/-c -/- Mice”; [cited by applicant]
Chng et al., (2005), “A validated FISH trisomy index demonstrates the hyperdiploid and nonhyperdiploid dichotomy in MGUS” [cited by applicant]
Chow et al., (2011), “Studying the mononuclear phagocyte system in the molecular age” [cited by applicant]
Clark, et al.; “A future for transgenic livestock”, [cited by applicant]
Cocco; et al. “CD34+ Cord Blood Cell-Transplanted Rag2-/-yc-/-Mice as a Model for Epstein-Barr Virus Infection”; [cited by applicant]
Coussens et al.,(2013) “Neutralizing tumor-promoting chronic inflammation: a magic bullet?”; [cited by applicant]
Cros et al., (2010), “Human CD14 [cited by applicant]
Cuende, et al (2015) “Monoclonal antibodies against GARP/TGF-β1 complexes inhibit the immunosuppressive activity of human regulatory T cells in vivo”; Sci Transl Med. 7(284):284ra56; pp. 1-13. [cited by applicant]
Dai et al., “Incomplete restoration of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) function in CSF-1-deficient Csflop/Csflop mice by transgenic expression of cell surface CSF-1” [cited by applicant]
Danos et al. (1988) “Safe and efficient generation of recombinant retroviruses with amphotropic and ecotropic host ranges”; [cited by applicant]
Dao; et al. “Immunodeficient mice as models of human hematopoietic stem cell engraftment”, [cited by applicant]
Das, et al (2016) “Microenvironment-dependent growth of preneoplastic and malignant plasma cells in humanized mice”; Nat Med. 22(11); pp. 1351-1357. [cited by applicant]
De Raeve and Vanderkerken, (2005), “The role of the bone marrow microenvironment in multiple myeloma”; [cited by applicant]
De Sauvage, F.J. et al. (1994) “Stimulation of megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis by the c-Mpl ligand”; [cited by applicant]
Denning, et al (2001) “Deletion of the alpha(1,3)galactosyl transferase (GGTA1) gene and the prion protein (PrP) gene in sheep”; Nat Biotech;19; pp. 559-562. [cited by applicant]
Dennis Melvin B. (2002) “Welfare issues of genetically modified animals”; ILAR Journal, vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 100-109. [cited by applicant]
Denton PW, et al. (2012) “IL-2 receptor γ-chain molecule is critical for intestinal T-cell reconstitution in humanized mice”; Mucosal Immunol; 5(5); pp. 555-566. [cited by applicant]
Depaolo, et al. (2011) “Co-adjuvant effects of retinoic acid and IL-15 induce inflammatory immunity to dietary antigens”; Nature. 471; pp. 220-224. [cited by applicant]
Dewan et al., (2004), “Prompt tumor formation and maintenance of constitutive NF-κB activity of multiple myeloma cells in NOD/SCID/γc [cited by applicant]
Dhodapkar, (2009), “Myeloid neighborhood in myeloma: Cancer's underbelly” [cited by applicant]
Diminici et al. (2006) “Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement”; [cited by applicant]
Doherty et al. (1999) “Infection of HIV-1 Transgenic Mice with [cited by applicant]
Drake, et al. (2012) “Engineering humanized mice for improved hematopoietic reconstitution”; [cited by applicant]
Egeblad et al., (2010), “Tumors as organs: complex tissues that interface with the entire Organism”; [cited by applicant]
Eisenbarth et al.; “Development and Characterization of a Human IL-7 Transgenic Humanized Mouse Model,”; iwhm2, 2nd International Workshop on Humanized Mice, Program & Abstract Book; Sint Olofskapel, Amsterdam, The Neth… [cited by applicant]
El-Ad et al. (2013) “viSNE enables visualization of high dimensional single-cell data and reveals phenotypic heterogeneity of leukemia”; Nat. Biotechnol. 31(6); pp. 545-552. [cited by applicant]
Epstein et al., (2005), “The SCID-bu myeloma model”; [cited by applicant]
Erta M. et al., (2012) “Interleukin-6, a major cytokine in the central nervous system”; Int J Biol Sci. 8(9):1254-66. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.4679. Epub Oct. 25, 2012. [cited by applicant]
Extended European Search Report for EP Application No. 16157878.6 dated May 23, 2016. [cited by applicant]
Fattori et al., (1995)“IL-6 Expression in Neurons of Transgenic Mice Causes Reactive Astrocytosis and Increase in Ramified Microglial Cells but no Neuronal Damage,” European [cited by applicant]
Fattori, et al., (1994) “Development of Progressive Kidney Damage and Myeloma Kidney in Interleukin-6 Transgenic Mice,” [cited by applicant]
Felix, R. et al. (1990) “Macrophage colony stimulating factor restores In Vivo bone resorption in the OP/OP osteopetrotic mouse”; [cited by applicant]
Figueiredo-Pontes, et al (2021) “Improved hematopoietic stem cell transplantation upon inhibition of natural killer cell-derived interferon-gamma”; [cited by applicant]
Fisher et al.; (1993) “Lymphoprolierative Disorders in an IL-7 Transgenic Mouse Line”; [cited by applicant]
Flavell, Richard A. “Tissue-resident T cells in a novel humanized mouse model” Presentation: CSH Meeting, Apr. 16, 2015; 23 pages. [cited by applicant]
Fonseca et al., (2002), “Genomic abnormalities in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance” [cited by applicant]
Foss et al; “Frequent Expression of IL-7 Gene Transcripts in Tumor Cells of Classical Hodgkin's Disease”; [cited by applicant]
Fox, N., et al. (2002) “Thrombopoietin expands hematopoietic stem cells after transplantation”; J [cited by applicant]
Freeden Jeffry et al.; “Lymphopenia in Interleukin (IL)-7 Gene-deleted Mice Identifies IL-7 as a Nonredundant Cytokine”; [cited by applicant]
Fry et al., “A potential role for interleukin-7 in T-cell homeostasis,” [cited by applicant]
Fry et al., “IL-7 comes of age,” [cited by applicant]
Fry et al., “The Many Faces of IL-7: From Lymphopoiesis to Peripheral T Cell Maintenance,”; [cited by applicant]
Fry, et al., “Interleukin-7: from bench to clinic,” [cited by applicant]
Fukuchi, Y., et al., “Cytokine dependent growth of human TF-1 leukemic cell line in human GMCSF and IL-3 producing transgenic SCID mice”; [cited by applicant]
Galán J.E. & Curtiss, R. (1991) Distribution of the invA, -B, -C, and -D genes of [cited by applicant]
Garcia, Sylvie , et al; “Humanized mice: Current states an perspectives”; [cited by applicant]
Geiselhart et al., “IL-7 Administration Alters the CD4: CDS Ratio, Increases T Cell Numbers, and Increases T Cell Function in the Absence of Activation,” [cited by applicant]
Goldman, et al. (2004) “Transgenic animals in medicine: integration and expression of foreign genes, theoretical and applied aspects”; [cited by applicant]
Goldman; et al. “BMP4 regulates the hematopoietic stem cell niche”, [cited by applicant]
Goodwin et al.; “Human interleukin 7: Molecular cloning and growth factor activity on human and murine B-lineage cells”; [cited by applicant]
Gorantla; et al. “Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Pathobiology Studied in Humanized BALB/c-Rag2-/-Yc-/- Mice”, [cited by applicant]
Goya et al., “Sustained interleukin-6 signalling leads to the development of lymphoid organ-like structures in the lung”: [cited by applicant]
Greenblatt, et al. (2012) “Graft versus host disease in the bone marrow, liver and thymus humanized mouse model”; PLoS One 7(9); e44664. [cited by applicant]
Greiner; et al. “Improved Engraflment of Human Spleen Cells in NOD/LtSz-scid/scid Mice as Compared with C. B-17-scid/scid Mice”, [cited by applicant]
Groen, R. W. J., et al; “Reconstructing the human hematopoietic niche in immunodeficient mice: opportunities for studying primary multiple myeloma”; [cited by applicant]
Guimond et al.; “Cytokine Signals in T-Cell Homeostasis”; [cited by applicant]
Haley, (2003), “Species differences in the structure and function of the immune System”; [cited by applicant]
Hao et al., (2012), Macrophages in tumor microenvironments and the progression of tumors; [cited by applicant]
Hayakawa J., et al., (2009), “Busulfan produces efficient human cell engraftment in NOD/LtSz-Scid IL2R gamma(null) mice”; [cited by applicant]
Hayday Adrian and Viney Joanne L. (2000) “The ins and outs of body surface immunology”; [cited by applicant]
Heinrich et al., “Interleukin-6 and the acute phase response,” [cited by applicant]
Hideshima et al., (2007), “Understanding multiple myeloma pathogenesis in the bone marrow to identify new therapeutic targets”; [cited by applicant]
Hiramatsu, Hidefumi, et al. (2003) “Complete reconstitution of human lymphocytes from cord blood CD34+ cells using the NOD/SCID/γcnull mice model”; [cited by applicant]
Hirano et al., “Biological and clinical aspects of interleukin 6”; [cited by applicant]
Hirano et al., “Complementary DNA for a novel human interleukin (BSF-2) that induces B lymphocytes to produce immunoglobulin,” [cited by applicant]
Hirano et al., Purification to homogeneity and characterization of human B-cell differentiation factor (BCDF or BSFp-2), Proc. [cited by applicant]
Hirota et al., “Continuous activation of gp130, a signal-transducing receptor component for interleukin 6-related cytokines, causes myocardial hypertrophy in mice”; [cited by applicant]
Hofer; et al. “RAG2-/-yc-/-Mice Transplanted with CD34+ Cells from Human Cord Blood Show Low Levels of Intestinal Engraflment and Are Resistant to Rectal Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus”, [cited by applicant]
Hofker Marten H., et al., Transgenic mouse methods and protocols, Methods in molecular biology, vol. 209 (2002-2003), p. 51-58. [cited by applicant]
Holyoake et al. (1999) “Functional differences between transplantable human hematopoietic stem cells from fetal liver, cord blood, and adult marrow”; [cited by applicant]
Houdebine Louis-Marie (2009) “Methods to Generate Transgenic Animals”; [cited by applicant]
Houdebine, Louis-Marie (2007) “Transgenic animal models in biomedical research”; [cited by applicant]
Hu, Z. et al.; “Macrophages prevent human red blood cell reconstitution in immunodeficient mice”; [cited by applicant]
Huntington et al., (2009), “IL-15 trans-presentation promotes human NK cell development and differentiation in vivo”; [cited by applicant]
Huo; et al. “Humanized Mouse Model of Cooley's Anemia”, [cited by applicant]
Huston et al., (1988), “Protein engineering of antibody binding sites: recovery of specific activity in an anti-digoxin single-chain Fv analogue produced in [cited by applicant]
Inagaki et al. (2000) “SHPS-1 regulates integrin-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization and cell motility”; EMBO J. 19(24); pp. 6721-6731. [cited by applicant]
Irvine et al., “Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) delivers a proatherogenic signal to human macrophages” [cited by applicant]
Ishikawa et al. (2005), “Development of functional human blood and immune systems in NOD/SCID/IL2 receptor {gamma} chain(null) mice”; [cited by applicant]
Ito et al., “NOD/SCID/gamma(c)(null) mouse: an excellent recipient mouse model for engraftment of human cells” [cited by applicant]
Ito, et al (2013) “Establishment of a human allergy model using human IL-3/GM-CSF-transgenic NOG mice”; [cited by applicant]
IWHM2 2nd International Workshop on Humanized Mice, Colorado State University, Program & Abstract Book. (Apr. 3-6, 2009), Sint Olofskapei/Amsterdam, NL. [cited by applicant]
Jacob et al: (2010) “Gene targeting in the rat: advances and opportunities”; Trends Genet. 26(12):510-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2010.08.006. Epub Oct. 1, 2010. [cited by applicant]
Jacobs et al., “IL-7 Is Essential for Homeostatic Control ofT Cell Metabolism In Vivo” The [cited by applicant]
Jimenez-Diaz et al. (2009) “Improved murine model of malaria using Plasmodium falciparum competent strains and non-myelodepleted NOD-scid IL2Rgnull mice engrafted with human erythrocytes. Antimicrob Agents”; [cited by applicant]
Jones et al (1995) “Antimicrobial Chemotherapy of Human Infection due to Listeria Monocytogenes”; Eur. J. Clin. Microbial. Infect. Dis., 14(3); pp. 165-175. [cited by applicant]
Kalberer, et al (2003) “Human NK cell development in NOD/SCID mice receiving grafts of cord blood CD34+ cells”; [cited by applicant]
Kalueff A.V. et al., (2004) “Intranasal administration of human IL-6 increases the severity of chemically induced seizures in rats.” [cited by applicant]
Kamel-Reid and Dick, “Engraftment of immune-deficient mice with human hematopoietic stem cells”; [cited by applicant]
Kandalaft et al., “Angiogenesis and the tumor vasculature as antitumor immune modulators: the role of vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelin”; [cited by applicant]
Kang et al., “Defective Development of y/o T Cells in Interleukin 7 Receptor-deficient Mice Is Due to Impaired Expression of T Cell Receptor y Genes,” [cited by applicant]
Katano, I. et al. (2015) “Predominant development of mature and functional human NK cells in a novel human IL-2-producing transgenic NOG mouse”; Journal of Immunology,194(7); pp. 3513-3525. [cited by applicant]
Kaufmann et al., (2004), “Both IGH translocations and chromosome 13q deletions are early events in monoclonalgammopathy of undetermined significance and do not evolve during transition to multiple myeloma” [cited by applicant]
Kaushansky, K. (1998) “Thrombopoietin”, [cited by applicant]
Kaushansky, K. (2005) “The molecular mechanisms that control thrombopoiesis”, [cited by applicant]
Kaushansky, K. (2008) “Historical review: megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis”, [cited by applicant]
Kaushansky, K. et al. (1994) “Promotion of megakaryocyte progenitor expansion and differentiation by the c-Mpl ligand thrombopoietin”, [cited by applicant]
Keefer (2015) “Artificial cloning of domestic animals”; PNAS 112; pp. 8874-8878. [cited by applicant]
Keller et al., “Molecular and Cellular Biology of Interleukin-6 and its Receptor,” [cited by applicant]
Kieper et al., “Overexpression of Interleukin (IL)-7 Leads to IL-15-independent Generation of Memory Phenotype CD+T Cells” [cited by applicant]
Kieran, Seay et al. (2015) In Vivo Activation of Human NK Cells by Treatment with an Interleukin-15 Superagonist Potently Inhibits Acute InVivo HIV-1 Infection in Humanized Mice; [cited by applicant]
Kim et al., “Seeing is Believing: Illuminating the Source of In Vivo Interleukin-7”; [cited by applicant]
Kim, D. K., et al., Engraftment of human myelodysplastic syndrome derived cell line in transgenic severe combined immunodeficient (TG-SCID) mice expressing human GM-CSF and IL-3; [cited by applicant]
Kinoshita Ichiro, et al (2008) “Molecular pathophysiology of lung cancer-identification of lung cancer stem cells”; [cited by applicant]
Kirito, K. et al. (2003) “Thrombopoietin stimulates Hoxb4 expression: an explanation for the favorable effects of TPO on hematopoietic stem cells”; [cited by applicant]
Kirma et al., “Overexpression of the Colony-Stimulating Factor (CSF-1) and/or Its Receptor c-fms in Mammary Glands of Transgenic Mice Results in Hyperplasia and Tumor Formulation” [cited by applicant]
Kishimoto, Tadamitsu, “IL-6: from its discovery to clinical applications”; International [cited by applicant]
Kishimoto, Tadamitsu, “The Biology of Interleukin-6”; [cited by applicant]
Kondo; et al. “Lymphocyte development from hematopoietic stem cells”, [cited by applicant]
Kosco-Vilbois; et al. “A mightier mouse with human adaptive immunity”, [cited by applicant]
Kovalchuk et al., “IL-6 transgenic mouse model for extraosseous plasmacytoma” [cited by applicant]
Kraus et al. (2010), “A more cost effective and rapid high percentage germ-line transmitting chimeric mouse generation procedure via microinjection of 2-cell, 4-cell, and 8-cell embryos with ES and iPS cells” [cited by applicant]
Kuehl and Bergsagel, (2002), “Multiple myeloma: evolving genetic events and host interactions”; [cited by applicant]
Kukreja et al., (2006) “Enhancement of clonogenicity of human multiple myeloma by dendritic cells”, [cited by applicant]
Kuruvilla; et al, “Dengue virus infection and immune response in humanized RAG2-1-yc-1-(RAG-hu) mice”, [cited by applicant]
Kuter, D.J. & Rosenberg, R.D. (1995) “The reciprocal relationship of thrombopoietin (c-Mpl ligand) to changes in the platelet mass during busulfan-induced thrombocytopenia in the rabbit”, [cited by applicant]
Landgren et al., (2009), “Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) consistently precedes multiple myeloma: a prospective study”; [cited by applicant]
Lapidot et al., (1992) “Cytokine stimulation of multilineage hematopoiesis from immature human cells engrafted in SCID mice”, [cited by applicant]
Lebrec Herve, et al. (2013) “Homeostasis of human NK cells is not IL-15 dependent”; J [cited by applicant]
Lee, et al (2018) “Differences between immunodeficient mice generated by classical gene targeting and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout”; Transgenic research, vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 241-251. [cited by applicant]
Legrand et al., (2011) “Functional CD47/signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRP(alpha)) interaction is required for optimal human T- and natural killer-(NK) cell homeostasis in vivo”, [cited by applicant]
Legrand; et al. “Experimental Models to Study Development and Function of the Human Immune System in Vivo”, [cited by applicant]
Legrand; et al. “Humanized Mice for Modeling Human Infectious Disease: Challenges, Progress, and Outlook”, [cited by applicant]
Lemay L.G. et al: (1990) “Role of interleukin 6 in fever in rats”; Am J Physiol. 258(3 Pt 2):R798-803. [cited by applicant]
LIbby; et al. “Humanized nonobese diabelic-scid IL2ry null mice are susceptible to lethal [cited by applicant]
Lie and Petropoulos (1998) “Advances in quantitative PCR technology: 5′ nuclease assays”; Curr. Opin. Biotechnology 9(1); pp. 43-48. [cited by applicant]
Liton et al., (2005), “Specific Targeting of Gene Expression to a Subset of Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells Using the Chitinase 3-Like 1 Promoter”; Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.46(1):183-90. [cited by applicant]
Lok, S. et al. (1994) “Cloning and expression of murine thrombopoietin cDNA and stimulation of platelet production in vivo”, Nature 369: pp. 565-568. [cited by applicant]
Lombard-Platet et al., “Expression of Functional MHC Class II Molecules by a Mouse Pro-B Cell Clone,” [cited by applicant]
Lu et al. (2009) “Epitope-tagged receptor knock-in mice reveal that differential desensitization of alpha2-adrenergic responses is because of ligand-selective internalization”; J. Bioi. Chem., vol. 284(19), 13233-13243. [cited by applicant]
Luo; et al., “Knock-in mice with chimeric human/murine p53 gene develop normally and show wild-type p53 responses to DNA damaging agents: a new biomedical research tool”, [cited by applicant]
Lupton et al., “Characterization of the Human and Murine IL-7 Genes,” [cited by applicant]
Ma et al., (2006), “Diverse functions of IL-2, IL-15, and IL-7 in lymphoid homeostasis”; [cited by applicant]
Macbride Megan M.; “Meeting report: International Workshop on Humanized Mice 5”; Mar. 8, 2016; XP002758867. [cited by applicant]
Macchiarini, et al. “Humanized mice: are we there yet?”; [cited by applicant]
Mahajan et al., “Homeostasis of T Cell Diversity,” [cited by applicant]
Maione et al., “Coexpression of IL-6 and soluble IL-6R causes nodular regenerative hyperplasia and adenomas of the liver”; [cited by applicant]
Majumder et al. (1996) “Xenogeneic expression of human stem cell factor in transgenic mice mimics codominant c-kit mutations”, [cited by applicant]
Maksimenko, et al (2013) “Use of transgenic animals in biotechnology: prospects and problems”; [cited by applicant]
Manz Markus M., et al.; “Human-Hemato-Lymphoid-System Mice: Opportunities and Challenges”, [cited by applicant]
Manz; et al. “Renaissance for mouse models of human hematopoiesis and immunobiology”, [cited by applicant]
Mason; et al. “Alcohol Exacerbates Murine Pulmonary Tuberculosis”, [cited by applicant]
Mazurier; et al. “A Novel Immunodeficient Mouse Model-RAG2 X Common Cytokine Receptor y Chain Double Mutants-Requiring Exogenous Cytokine Administration for Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engraftment”, [cited by applicant]
Mazzucchelli et al., “Interleukin-7 receptor expression: intelligent design,” [cited by applicant]
Mazzucchelli et al., “Visualization and Identification of IL-7 Producing Cells in Reporter Mice” [cited by applicant]
McBurney et al. “Murine PGK-1 promoter drives widespread but not uniform expression in transgenic mice”; [cited by applicant]
McCune et al., “The SCID-hu mouse: murine model for the analysis of human hematolymphoid differentiation and function” [cited by applicant]
Mertsching et al., “IL-7 transgenic mice: analysis of the role of IL-7 in teh differentiation of thymocytes in vivo and in vitro”; [cited by applicant]
Mestas & Hughes, “Of mice and not men: differences between mouse and human immunology”; [cited by applicant]
Meyer et al. “Gene targeting by homologous recombination in mouse zygotes mediated by zinc-finger nucleases”; [cited by applicant]
Miller et al. “Generation of helper-free amphotropic retroviruses that transduce a dominant-acting, methotrexate-resistant dihydrofolate reductase gene”; [cited by applicant]
Miller et al. “Redesign of retrovirus packaging cell lines to avoid recombination leading to helper virus production”; [cited by applicant]
Mittrucker; et al. “Cutting Edge: Role of B Lymphocytes in Protective Immunity Against [cited by applicant]
Miyakawa et al.; “Establishment of a new model of human multiple myeloma using NOD/SCID/y [cited by applicant]
Mlecnik Bernhard, et al. (2014) “Functional network pipeline reveals genetic determinants associated with in situ lymphocyte proliferation and survival of cancer patients”; Sci Transl Med. 6:228ra37. [cited by applicant]
Moreadith et al. (1997) “Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells: the new physiology and metabolism”; J. Mol. Med.75(3); pp. 208-216. [cited by applicant]
Moreno et al. (2006) The course of infections and pathology in immunomodulated NOD/LtSz-SCID mice inoculated with Plasmodium falciparum laboratory lines and clinical isolates. [cited by applicant]
Mosier et al., “Transfer of a functional human immune system to mice with severe combined immunodeficiency”; [cited by applicant]
Motz and Coukos, “Deciphering and reversing tumor immune suppression”; [cited by applicant]
Mullins (1996) “Transgenesis in the rat and larger mammals”; J Clin Invest,97; pp. 1557 15-60. [cited by applicant]
Munitic et al., “Dynamic regulation of IL-7 receptor expression is required for normal thymopoiesis” [cited by applicant]
Munoz et al., “Constraints to Progress in Embryonic Stem Cells from Domestic Species,” Stem Cell Rev. and Rep., 5:6-9, 2009. [cited by applicant]
Murphy et al. (1993) “Antitumor Effects of Interleukin-7 and Adoptive Immunotherapy on Human Colon Carcinoma Xenografts”; [cited by applicant]
Murphy, D. MFA: the turducken of alleles*, Wellcome Trust Advanced Course: Genetic Manipulation of ES Cells, 76 pages (2010). [cited by applicant]
Murphy, D., BAC-based Modifications of the Mouse Genome: The Big and the Backward, Wellcome Trust Advanced Course: Genetic Manipulation of ES Cells, 58 pages (2009). [cited by applicant]
Murray; et al. “Thrombopoietin mobilizes CD34+ cell subsets into peripheral blood and expands multilineage progenitors in bone marrow of cancer patients with normal hematopoiesis”, [cited by applicant]
Nagy et al. “Embryonic stem cells alone are able to support fetal development in the mouse”; [cited by applicant]
Naka et al., “The paradigm of IL-6: from basic science to medicine,” [cited by applicant]
Nelson and Bissell, “Of extracellular matrix, scaffolds, and signaling: tissue architecture regulates development, homeostasis, and cancer”; [cited by applicant]
Nevus Biologicals—a Bio-Techne Brand, “Human IL-6 Protein 5 μg”, NBP2-34901 (4 pages) (2016). [cited by applicant]
Nichterlein et al. (1991) “Effect of Various Antibiotics on Listeria monocytogenes Multiplying in L 929 Cells”; Infection 19: Supplement 4; pp. S234-S238. [cited by applicant]
Nicolini; et al. “NOD/SCID mice engineered to express human IL-3, GM-CSF and Steel factor constitutively mobilize engrafted human progenitors and compromise human stem cell regeneration”, [cited by applicant]
Niemann et al., “Transgenic farm animals: present and future,” [cited by applicant]
Nishimura, et al; (2000) “Differential Roles of Interleukin 15 mRNA Isoforms Generated by Alternative Splicing in Immune Responses In Vivo”; J Exp Med. 191(1); pp. 157-170. [cited by applicant]
Nochi T, et al. (2013) “Cryptopatches are essential for the development of human GALT”; Cell Rep; 3(6); pp. 1874-1884. [cited by applicant]
Northemann, et al (1989) “Structure of the Rat Interleukin 6 Gene and Its Expression in Macrophage-derived Cell” [cited by applicant]
O'Connell et al., “Lentiviral Vector Delivery of Human Interleukin-7 (hiL-7) to Human Immune System (HIS) Mice Expands T Lymphocyte Populations,” [cited by applicant]
Palm NW, et al. (2014) “Immunoglobulin A coating identifies colitogenic bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease”; Cell; 158(10); pp. 1000-1010. [cited by applicant]
Papanicolaou Dimitris et al., “The Pathophysiologic Roles of Interleukin-6 in Human Disease,” [cited by applicant]
Patil et al.(2011) “Transgenic animals and drug development: A review”; Indian Journal of Public Health research & Development, vol. 2, No. 1; pp. 106-109. [cited by applicant]
Pear et al. “Production of high-titer helper-free retroviruses by transient transfection”; Proc Natl [cited by applicant]
Pearson et al. (2008), “Creation of “Humanized” Mice to Study Human Immunity”; Curr. [cited by applicant]
Pek et al., “Characterization and IL-15 dependence of NK cells in humanized mice”; [cited by applicant]
Peters et al., “The Function of the Soluble Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Receptor In Vivo: Sensitization of Human Soluble IL-6 Receptor Transgenic Mice Towards IL-6 and Prolongation of the Plasma D Half-life ofiL-6” [cited by applicant]
Pierfrancesco Tassone, et al: “A clinically relevant SCID-hu in vivo model of human multiple myeloma”; [cited by applicant]
Pixley et al., “CSF-1 regulation of the wandering macrophage: complexity in action” Trends in [cited by applicant]
Pleiman et al., “Organization of the Murine and Human Interleukin-7 Receptor Genes: Two mRNAs Generated by Differential Splicing and Presence of a Type 1-Interferon-Inducible Promoter” [cited by applicant]
Polejaeva et al (2000) “Cloned pigs produced by nuclear transfer from adult somatic cells”; Nature 407; pp. 86-90. [cited by applicant]
Pollard, Jeffrey W.; “Tumour-educated macrophages promote tumour progression and metastasis”; [cited by applicant]
Poueymirou et al. (2007) “F0 generation mice that are essentially fully derived from the donor gene-targeted ES cells allowing immediate phenotypic analyses,” [cited by applicant]
Prelle et al., “Pluripotent Stem Cells—Model of Embryonic Development, Tool for Gene Targeting, and Basis of Cell Therapy,” [cited by applicant]
Qian and Pollard, “Macrophage diversity enhances tumor progression and metastasis” (2010), [cited by applicant]
Qian, H. et al. (2007) “Critical role of thrombopoietin in maintaining adult quiescent hematopoietic stem cells,” [cited by applicant]
Rämer Patrick C. et al. (2011) “Mice with human immune system components as in vivo models for infections with human pathogens”; [cited by applicant]
Rathinam et al., “Efficient differentiation and function of human macrophages in humaized CSF-1 mice” [cited by applicant]
Rathinam et al., “Efficient differentiation and function of human macrophages in humaized CSF-1 mice” [cited by applicant]
Raulet, 2006, “Missing self recognition and self tolerance of natural killer (NK) cells” [cited by applicant]
Repass et al., “IL7-hCD25 and IL7-Cre BAC transgenic mouse lines: New tools for analysis of IL-7 expressing cells,” [cited by applicant]
Rich et al., “Cutaneous Lymphoproliferation and Lymphomas in Interleukin 7 Transgenic Mice,” [cited by applicant]
Rieger et al.; “Hematopoietic Cytokines Can Instruct Lineage Choice”; [cited by applicant]
Ring, Aaron M. et al. (2012) “Mechanistic and structural insight into the functional dichotomy between IL-2 and IL-15”; [cited by applicant]
Rohrschneider, L.R. et al. (1997) “Growth and differentiation signals regulated by the MCSF receptor”, [cited by applicant]
Rongvaux A. et al: (2012) “MISTRG: a novel humanised mouse model to study human hematopoiesis and myeloid development and function in vivo”; Immunology, vol. 137, No. 1, Suppl. 1; pp. 184. [cited by applicant]
Rongvaux Anthony et al: “Development and function of human innate immune cells in a humanized mouse model”; [cited by applicant]
Rongvaux et al., (2013), “Human hemato-lymphoid system mice: current use and future potential for medicine,” [cited by applicant]
Rongvaux, A., et al.; “Human thrombopoietin knockin mice efficiently support human hematopoiesis in vivo”, PNAS, vol. 108, No. 6; (Feb. 2011); pp. 2378-2383. [cited by applicant]
Rongvaux, Anthony; “Improvement of human-hemato-lymphoid-system mice: the human Thrombopoietin knock-in mouse”; IWHM2 2nd International Workshop on Humanized Mice, PowerPoint Presentation; Apr. 3-6, 2009; Sint Olofskape… [cited by applicant]
Rongvaux; “Human Thrombopoietin knockin mice efficiently support human hematopoiesis”, Flavell Lab, Yale University (ASH—Dec. 6, 2010). [cited by applicant]
Roychowdhury, Sameek, et al. (2005) “IL-15 but not IL-2 rapidly induces lethal xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease”; Blood 106(7); pp. 2433-2435. [cited by applicant]
Ryan et al., “Rescue of the colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1)-nullizygous mouse (Csflop/Csflop) phenotype with CSF-1 transgene and identification of sites of local CSF-1 synthesis” [cited by applicant]
Rybchin C. N., “Principles of Genetic Engineering”; Saint-Petersburg, Publisher SPbGTU, 2002; p. 411-413. [cited by applicant]
Saha et al; (2009); “Technical challenges in using human induced pluripotent stem cells to model disease”; Cell Stem Cell.5(6); pp. 584-595. [cited by applicant]
Samaridis et al., “Development of lymphocytes in intereleukin 7-transgenic mice” Eur. J. [cited by applicant]
Sanmamed, et al (2015) “Nivolumab and Urelumab Enhance Antitumor Activity of Human T Lymphocytes Engrafted in Rag2-/-IL2Rγnull Immunodeficient Mice”; Cancer Res. 75(17); pp. 3466-3478. [cited by applicant]
Sanmamed, et al (2016) “Defining the optimal murine models to investigate immune checkpoint blockers and their combination with other immunotherapies”; Ann Oncol. 27(7); pp. 1190-1198. [cited by applicant]
Sarrazin et al., “MafB Restricts M-CSF-Dependent Myeloid Commitment Divisions of Hematopoietic Stem Cells” [cited by applicant]
Sawamura D. et al.; (1998) “Induction of keratinocyte proliferation and lymphocytic infiltration by in vivo introduction of the IL-6 gene into keratinocytes and possibility of keratinocyte gene therapy for inflammatory … [cited by applicant]
Schluns et al.; “Interleukin-7 mediates the homeostasis of naive and memory COST cells in vivo”; [cited by applicant]
Schorpp et al. 1996, “The human ubiquitin C promoter directs high ubiquitous expression of transgenes in mice,” [cited by applicant]
Scudellari, Megan; “The innate debate over HSCs”; [cited by applicant]
Selsby et al (2015) “Porcine Models of Muscular Dystrophy”; ILAR Journal, vol. 56, No. 1; pp. 116-126. [cited by applicant]
Semenza Gregg L., et al; “Cell-type-specific and hypoxia-inducible expression of the human erythropoietin gene in transgenic mice”; [cited by applicant]
Semenza, G. L. et al.; “Polycythemia in transgenic mice expressing the human erythropoietin gene”; [cited by applicant]
Setty, Mala, et al. (2015) “Distinct and Synergistic Contributions of Epithelial Stress and Adaptive Immunity to Functions of Intraepithelial Killer Cells and Active Celiac Disease”; Gastroenterology 149(3):681-91. [cited by applicant]
Shalapour et al.; “Commensal microflora and interferon-[gamma] promote steady-state interleukin-7 production in vivo”; [cited by applicant]
Sherr, C.J. et al. (1988) “Macrophage colony-stimulating factor, CSF-1, and its proto-oncogeneencoded receptor,” [cited by applicant]
Shinobara et al. (2007) “Active integration: new strategies for transgenesis”; [cited by applicant]
Shultz et al., 2000, “NOD/LtSz-Rag1null mice: an immunodeficient and radioresistant model for engraftment of human hematolymphoid cells, HIV infection, and adoptive transfer of NOD mouse diabetogenic T cells” [cited by applicant]
Shultz L D et al; “Humanized mice in translational biomedical research”; T [cited by applicant]
Shultz, Leonard D., et al; “Humanized mice for immune system investigation: progress, promise and challenges”; [cited by applicant]
Shultz; et al.“Human Lymphoid and Myeloid Cell Development in NOD/LtSz-scid IL2Ry null Mice Engrafted with Mobilized Human Hempoietic Stem Cells”, [cited by applicant]
Silva et al.; “IL-7 Contributes to the Progression of Human T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias”; [cited by applicant]
Skjot et al. (2002) “Epitope mapping of the immunodominant antigen TB10.4 and the two homologous proteins TB10.3 and TB12.9, which constitute a subfamily of the esat-6 gene family,” Infect. [cited by applicant]
Socolovsky, M. et al. (1998) “Cytokines in hematopoiesis: specificity and redundancy in receptor function,” [cited by applicant]
Soderquest et al., 2011, “Monocytes control natural killer cell differentiation to effector phenotypes,” [cited by applicant]
Sohn B; et al. “Expression and characterization of bioactive human thrombopoietin in the milk of transgenic mice”, [cited by applicant]
Song; et al. “A Mouse Model for the Human Pathogen [cited by applicant]
Spits, Hergen; “New models of human immunity”; [cited by applicant]
Stanley, E. Richard, “Lineage Commitment: Cytokines Instruct, At Last!” [cited by applicant]
Stanley, E.R. et al. (1997) “Biology and action of colony—stimulating factor-1,” [cited by applicant]
Strowig et al., “Transgenic expression of human signal regulatory protein alpha in Rag2-/-γc-/- mice improves engraftment of human hematopoietic cells in humanized mice”, [cited by applicant]
Strowig et al., 2010, “Human NK cells of mice with reconstituted human immune system components require preactivation to acquire functional competence,” [cited by applicant]
Strowig Till et al; “Humanized mouse models of infectious diseases”; [cited by applicant]
Suematsu et al.; “Generation of plasmacytomas with the chromosomal translocation t(12;15) in interleukin 6 transgenic mice”; [cited by applicant]
Suematsu et al.; “IgG1 plasmacytosis in interleukin 6 transgenic mice”; [cited by applicant]
Sugita et al.; “Functional Murine Interleukin 6 Receptor with the Intracisternal a Particle Gene Product at its Cytoplasmic Domain”; [cited by applicant]
Takagi et al., 2012, “Membrane-bound human SCF/KL promotes in vivo human hematopoietic engraftment and myeloid differentiation,” [cited by applicant]
Takenaka et al., (2007), Polymorphism in Sirpa modulates engraftment of human hematopoietic stem cells; [cited by applicant]
Takizawa & Manz, 2007, “Macrophage tolerance: CD47-SIRP-alpha-mediated signals matter,” [cited by applicant]
Tan et al.; “IL-7 is critical for homeostatic proliferation and survival of naive T cells”; [cited by applicant]
Tanabe et al.; “Genomic Structure of the Murine IL-6 Gene—High Degree Conservation of Potential Regulatory Sequences between Mouse and Human”; [cited by applicant]