Biosensor performance indicator systems for orthodontic appliances
Biosensor performance indicator systems for orthodontic appliances. An orthodontic appliance system may include at least one biosensor system having a bioreceptor configured to cause an interaction with a biomarker in fluid in an oral cavity. The biomarker may be associated with a velocity of tooth root movement. A biotransducer may be coupled to the bioreceptor. The biotransducer may be configured to transduce the interaction into an interaction signal representative of the interaction. A processor may be configured to receive sensor data corresponding to the interaction signal and, based on the sensor data, provide one or more recommendations to change the orthodontic appliance or modify an orthodontic treatment plan when the interaction signal is below a threshold.
1 . An orthodontic appliance system comprising:
a shell having a plurality of tooth receiving cavities configured to receive a plurality of teeth and to exert one or more orthodontic repositioning forces on the plurality of teeth; and
at least one biosensor system comprising:
a bioreceptor configured to cause an interaction with a biomarker in fluid in an oral cavity, the biomarker associated with a velocity of tooth root movement; and
a biotransducer coupled to the bioreceptor, the biotransducer configured to transduce the interaction into an interaction signal representative of the interaction; and
a processor configured to receive sensor data corresponding to the interaction signal and, based on the sensor data, provide one or more recommendations to change an orthodontic appliance or modify an orthodontic treatment plan when the interaction signal is below a threshold.
2 . The orthodontic appliance system of claim 1 , wherein the interaction signal below the threshold indicates that the velocity of tooth root movement is substantially zero.
3 . The orthodontic appliance system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more recommendations to change the orthodontic appliance includes a recommendation to use a subsequent orthodontic appliance of a next stage of the orthodontic treatment plan.
4 . The orthodontic appliance system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more recommendations to modify the orthodontic treatment plan includes a recommendation to modify a geometry of a subsequent orthodontic appliance.
5 . The orthodontic appliance system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more recommendations to modify the orthodontic treatment plan includes a recommendation to modify a timing for wearing the orthodontic appliance.
6 . The orthodontic appliance system of claim 1 , wherein:
the bioreceptor is configured to cause a second interaction with one or more compliance biomarkers, the second interaction being related to a second biomarker expression change associated with compliance by a patient wearing the orthodontic appliance; and
the biotransducer is configured to transduce the second interaction into a second interaction signal representative of the second interaction.
7 . The orthodontic appliance system of claim 1 , further comprising a biosensor housing formed integrally with the shell, wherein the biosensor housing is configured to position the bioreceptor against at least one tooth of the plurality of teeth.
8 . The orthodontic appliance system of claim 7 , wherein the bioreceptor is positioned along a buccal side of the at least one tooth.
9 . The orthodontic appliance system of claim 1 , wherein the bioreceptor comprises a protein that selectively binds to the biomarker, and wherein the biomarker comprises calgranulin-B, serum albumin precursor, immunoglobulin J chain, Ig alpha-1 chain C region, cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 precursor (CRISP-3), hemoglobin subunit beta, stratifin, or soluble RANK Ligand (sRANKL).
10 . The orthodontic appliance system of claim 1 , wherein the bioreceptor comprises a protein that selectively acts on the biomarker, and wherein the biomarker comprises prostaglandin E2, Substance P, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulation factor, α2 microglobulin, interleukin 1β, myeloperoxidase, hyaluronic acid, or chondroitin sulfate.
11 . The orthodontic appliance system of claim 1 , wherein the bioreceptor comprises a protein that selectively acts on the biomarker, and wherein the biomarker comprises a dentine matrix protein 1, dentin phosphoprotein (DPP), and dentin sialoprotein (DSP).
12 . The orthodontic appliance system of claim 1 , wherein the fluid comprises saliva.
13 . The orthodontic appliance system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one biosensor system comprises a reference electrode comprising a biotransducer material but not a bioreceptor material.
14 . The orthodontic appliance system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one biosensor system further comprises a conductive substrate to which the biotransducer is attached and an insulating layer.
15 . The orthodontic appliance system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is located in a remote device, and wherein the biosensor system further comprises a communication module configured to transmit the sensor data to the remote device.
16 . An orthodontic appliance system comprising:
a shell having a plurality of tooth receiving cavities configured to receive a plurality of teeth and to exert one or more orthodontic repositioning forces on the plurality of teeth; and
at least one biosensor system comprising:
a bioreceptor configured to cause an interaction with a biomarker in fluid in an oral cavity, the biomarker associated with a velocity of tooth root movement; and
a biotransducer coupled to the bioreceptor, the biotransducer configured to transduce the interaction into an interaction signal representative of the interaction; and
a processor configured to receive sensor data corresponding to the interaction signal and, based on the sensor data, provide one or more recommendations to change an orthodontic appliance when the interaction signal is below a threshold, wherein the one or more recommendations to change the orthodontic appliance includes a recommendation to use a subsequent orthodontic appliance of a next stage of an orthodontic treatment plan.
17 . The orthodontic appliance system of claim 16 , wherein a level of the biomarker reflects the velocity of the tooth root movement.
18 . The orthodontic appliance system of claim 16 , wherein the processor further comprises a communication module configured to transmit the sensor data to a remote device.
19 . The orthodontic appliance system of claim 16 , wherein a portion of the at least one biosensor system is configured to change volume upon exposure to the biomarker, wherein the at least one biosensor system is further configured to detect the change of volume.
20 . The orthodontic appliance system of claim 16 , wherein providing the one or more recommendations to change the orthodontic appliance includes providing a recommendation to use an orthodontic appliance that increases an amount of tooth movement in the next stage of the orthodontic treatment plan.
21 . The orthodontic appliance system of claim 16 , wherein the processor is further configured to provide one or more recommendations to change the orthodontic appliance when the interaction signal is above a maximum threshold.