Method of manufacturing a magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM)
The output voltage of an MRAM is increased by means of an Fe(001)/MgO(001)/Fe(001) MTJ device, which is formed by microfabrication of a sample prepared as follows: A single-crystalline MgO (001) substrate is prepared. An epitaxial Fe(001) lower electrode (a first electrode) is grown on a MgO(001) seed layer at room temperature, followed by annealing under ultrahigh vacuum. A MgO(001) barrier layer is epitaxially formed on the Fe(001) lower electrode (the first electrode) at room temperature, using a MgO electron-beam evaporation. A Fe(001) upper electrode (a second electrode) is then formed on the MgO(001) barrier layer at room temperature. This is successively followed by the deposition of a Co layer on the Fe(001) upper electrode (the second electrode). The Co layer is provided so as to increase the coercive force of the upper electrode in order to realize an antiparallel magnetization alignment.
1. A magnetoresistive device comprising a magnetic tunnel junction structure comprising a multi-layer material stack including:
first and second ferromagnetic material layer; and
a tunnel barrier layer between the first and second ferromagnetic material layers such that the tunnel barrier layer is above the first ferromagnetic material layer and below the second ferromagnetic material layer,
wherein said tunnel barrier layer comprises crystalline MgO x (001) with oxygen vacancy defects and (0<x<1).
2. The magnetoresistive device of claim 1 , wherein 0.9<x<1.
3. The magnetoresistive device of claim 2 , wherein 0.98<x<1.
4. The magnetoresistive device of claim 3 , wherein 0.99<x<1.
5. The magnetoresistive device of claim 1 , wherein a barrier height of the tunnel barrier layer is in a range of 0.1 eV to 0.85 eV.
6. The magnetoresistive device of claim 5 , wherein the barrier height of the tunnel barrier layer is in a range of 0.2 eV to 0.5 eV.
7. The magnetoresistive device of claim 1 , wherein the first ferromagnetic material layer and/or the second ferromagnetic material layer comprises Boron.
8. The magnetoresistive device of claim 1 , wherein the first ferromagnetic material layer and/or the second ferromagnetic material layer is partially or entirely crystallized.
9. A magnetoresistive device comprising a magnetic tunnel junction structure comprising:
first and second ferromagnetic material layer; and
a tunnel barrier layer between the first and second ferromagnetic material layers,
wherein said tunnel barrier layer comprises magnesium oxide and has a barrier height in a range of 0.1 eV to 0.85 eV.
10. The magnetoresistive device of claim 9 , wherein the tunnel barrier layer comprises partially or fully crystalline magnesium oxide.
11. The magnetoresistive device of claim 10 , wherein the first ferromagnetic material layer and/or the second ferromagnetic material layer is partially or entirely crystallized.
12. The magnetoresistive device of claim 11 , wherein the barrier height is in a range of 0.2 eV to 0.5 eV.
13. The magnetoresistive device of claim 11 , wherein the first ferromagnetic material layer and/or the second ferromagnetic material layer exhibits a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure.
14. The magnetoresistive device of claim 11 , wherein the first ferromagnetic material layer and/or the second ferromagnetic material layer comprises Cobalt and Iron.
15. A magnetoresistive device comprising:
a first ferromagnetic material layer;
a tunnel barrier comprising magnesium oxide and having a barrier height in a range of 0.2 eV to 0.5 eV; and
a second ferromagnetic material layer disposed on the tunnel barrier layer and separated from the first ferromagnetic material layer by the tunnel barrier layer.
16. The magnetoresistive device of claim 15 , wherein the tunnel barrier layer comprises partially or fully crystalline magnesium oxide.
17. The magnetoresistive device of claim 16 , wherein the first ferromagnetic material layer and/or the second ferromagnetic material layer is partially or entirely crystallized.
18. The magnetoresistive device of claim 17 , wherein the first ferromagnetic material layer and/or the second ferromagnetic material layer exhibits a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure.
19. The magnetoresistive device of claim 17 , wherein the first ferromagnetic material layer and/or the second ferromagnetic material layer comprises Cobalt and Iron.
20. The magnetoresistive device of claim 15 , wherein the tunnel barrier layer has a thickness less than 10 nm.