Flow cell including a heteropolymer
A flow cell includes a support and a heteropolymer attached to the support. The heteropolymer includes an acrylamide monomer including an attachment group to react with a functional group attached to a primer, and a monomer including a stimuli-responsive functional group. The monomer including the stimuli-responsive functional group may be pH-responsive, temperature-responsive, saccharide-responsive, nucleophile-responsive, and/or salt-responsive.
1. A heteropolymer, comprising:
an acrylamide monomer comprising a tetrazine attachment group to react with a functional group attached to a primer; and
a monomer comprising a stimuli-responsive functional group, wherein the monomer comprising the stimuli-responsive functional group is selected from the group consisting of:
an acrylamide monomer including a terminal pH-responsive functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl with an acid-labile protecting group, a hydroxyl with a base-labile protecting group, 1,2-diol protected as an acetal, hemiacetal, or ketal, 1,3-diol protected as an acetal, hemiacetal, or ketal, a tert-butyloxycarbonylamino group (boc), a 9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino group (Fmoc), a carboxylate group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonate group, and a sulfonic acid group;
a vinyl or acrylate monomer including a terminal pH-responsive functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl with an acid-labile protecting group, a hydroxyl with a base-labile protecting group, an amino with an acid-labile protecting group, an amino with a base-labile protecting group, a sulfonate group and a sulfonic acid group;
a temperature-responsive N-substituted acrylamide;
an acrylamide, acrylate, or vinyl monomer including a terminal saccharide-responsive functional group;
an acrylamide, acrylate, or vinyl monomer including a terminal nucleophile-responsive functional group; and
an acrylamide, acrylate, or vinyl monomer including a terminal salt-responsive functional group.
2. The heteropolymer of claim 1 , wherein the monomer comprising the stimuli-responsive functional group is to undergo modification when exposed to a predetermined stimulus, wherein the modification changes the polarity and/or conformation of the heteropolymer.
3. The heteropolymer of claim 1 , further comprising the primer grafted to the attachment group.
4. The heteropolymer of claim 1 , wherein:
the monomer comprising the stimuli-responsive functional group is the acrylamide, acrylate, or vinyl monomer including the terminal saccharide-responsive functional group; and
the terminal saccharide-responsive functional group comprises a boronic acid group.
5. The heteropolymer of claim 4 , wherein the monomer comprising the stimuli-responsive functional group is 3-(acrylamido)phenylboronic acid.
6. The heteropolymer of claim 1 , wherein:
the monomer comprising the stimuli-responsive functional group is the acrylamide, acrylate, or vinyl monomer including the terminal nucleophile-responsive functional group; and
the terminal nucleophile-responsive functional group has the following structure:
wherein: (a) Y is SO2 and Y′ is CH2; or (b) Y and Y′ are both C(O).
7. The heteropolymer of claim 1 , wherein:
the monomer comprising the stimuli-responsive functional group is the acrylamide, acrylate, or vinyl monomer including the terminal salt-responsive functional group; and
the salt-responsive functional group is a zwitterionic functional group exhibiting antipolyelectrolyte behavior.
8. The heteropolymer of claim 7 , wherein the monomer comprising the stimuli-responsive functional group has one of the following structures:
wherein A is O or NH and Rz is H or C1-4alkyl; or
wherein Rz is H or C1-4alkyl.
9. The heteropolymer of claim 1 , wherein:
the monomer comprising the stimuli-responsive functional group is the temperature-responsive N-substituted acrylamide; and
the temperature-responsive N-substituted acrylamide includes a heat-sensitive hydroxyl or amino protecting group.
10. The heteropolymer of claim 1 , wherein:
the monomer comprising the stimuli-responsive functional group is the temperature-responsive N-substituted acrylamide; and
the temperature-responsive N-substituted acrylamide is N-isopropylacrylamide.
11. A flow cell, comprising:
a support; and
the heteropolymer of claim 1 attached to the support.
12. A method of making a flow cell, comprising contacting the heteropolymer of claim 1 with at least a portion of a flow cell support, thereby attaching the heteropolymer to the flow cell support.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising grafting a primer to the attachment group of the heteropolymer attached to the support.
14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising exposing the heteropolymer attached to the flow cell support to a predetermined stimulus.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising, after the exposing, performing a sequencing operation on the flow cell.
16. The heteropolymer of claim 1 , wherein the acrylamide monomer including the terminal pH-responsive functional group has a structure:
where:
X is —O-Boc, —NHBoc, or —NHFmoc; and
each R z is independently H or C 1-4 alkyl.