Fluid control devices and methods of using the same
A fluid control device includes an inlet configured to be placed directly or indirectly in fluid communication with a bodily fluid source and an outlet configured to be placed in fluid communication with a fluid collection device. The fluid control device has a first state in which a negative pressure differential produced from an external source such as the fluid collection device is applied to the fluid control device to draw an initial volume of bodily fluid from the bodily fluid source, through the inlet, and into a sequestration portion of the fluid control device. The fluid control device has a second state in which (1) the sequestration portion sequesters the initial volume, and (2) the negative pressure differential draws a subsequent volume of bodily fluid, being substantially free of contaminants, from the bodily fluid source, through the fluid control device, and into the fluid collection device.
1. A fluid control device, the device comprising:
a housing having an inlet fluidically coupleable to a blood source and an outlet fluidically coupleable to a fluid collection device, the housing defining at least a portion of each of a containment channel and a sampling channel between the inlet and the outlet;
a selectively permeable blood barrier, the blood barrier fluidically coupled to the containment channel and the outlet; and
an actuator disposed at least partially in the housing and configured to substantially obstruct a flow path between the inlet and the outlet when in a first state,
the blood barrier configured to allow a gas to flow through the blood barrier in response to a pressure differential between the inlet and the outlet, thereby allowing a volume of blood to flow into the containment channel,
in response to contact with at least a portion of the volume of the blood in the containment channel, the blood barrier configured to allow the pressure differential in at least a portion of the sampling channel between the actuator and the outlet to build to an extent sufficient to transition the actuator from the first state to a second state.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the actuator is a plunger.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the actuator is a seal.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the actuator is a membrane.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the actuator is a flap.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the actuator is a plate.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the actuator in the second state is configured to allow blood to flow from the blood source to the outlet via the sampling channel while at least a portion of the volume of blood is contained in the containment channel.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the actuator is configured to transition from the first state to the second state without manual intervention.
9. A fluid control device, the device comprising:
a housing having an inlet and an outlet, the housing at least partially defining each of a containment channel and a sampling channel between the inlet and the outlet;
a selectively permeable blood barrier disposed in the housing in fluidic communication with the containment channel and the outlet, the blood barrier configured to allow a gas to flow from the containment channel to the outlet in response to a pressure differential between the inlet and the outlet such that a volume of blood flows from the inlet into the containment channel; and
an actuator disposed at least partially in the housing between at least a portion of the sampling channel and the inlet, the actuator in a first state configured to prevent the volume of blood from flowing from the inlet to the outlet, the actuator configured to transition from the first state to a second state in response to an increase in a pressure differential between the actuator and the outlet as a result of the volume of blood in the containment channel.
10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the actuator is a plunger.
11. The device of claim 9 , wherein the actuator is a seal.
12. The device of claim 9 , wherein the actuator is a membrane.
13. The device of claim 9 , wherein the actuator is a flap.
14. The device of claim 9 , wherein the actuator is a plate.
15. The device of claim 9 , wherein the actuator in the second state is configured such that the subsequent volume of blood is drawn from the inlet to the outlet via the sampling channel while at least a portion of the volume of blood is contained in the containment channel.
16. The device of claim 9 , wherein the actuator is configured to transition from the first state to the second state without manual intervention.
17. A fluid control device, the device comprising:
a housing having an inlet and an outlet, the housing at least partially defining each of a containment channel and a sampling channel between the inlet and the outlet;
a selectively permeable blood barrier, the blood barrier disposed in the housing between the containment channel and the outlet; and
an actuator disposed in the housing between at least a portion of the sampling channel and the inlet,
the blood barrier configured to allow a gas to flow from the containment channel to the outlet in response to a first pressure differential between the inlet and the outlet such that a volume of blood flows into the containment channel,
the actuator configured to transition from a first state to a second state in response to a second pressure differential greater than the first pressure differential between the actuator and the outlet as a result of the volume of blood in the containment channel,
the actuator in the first state configured to prevent the volume of blood from flowing from the inlet to the outlet via the sampling channel and the actuator in the second state configured to allow a subsequent volume of blood to flow from the inlet through the sampling channel to the outlet.
18. The device of claim 17 , wherein the actuator is a plunger.
19. The device of claim 17 , wherein the actuator is a seal.
20. The device of claim 17 , wherein the actuator is a membrane.
21. The device of claim 17 , wherein the actuator is a flap.
22. The device of claim 17 , wherein the actuator is a plate.
23. The device of claim 17 , wherein the actuator in the second state is configured such that the subsequent volume of blood is drawn from the inlet to the outlet via the sampling channel while at least a portion of the volume of blood is contained in the containment channel.
24. The device of claim 17 , wherein the actuator is configured to transition from the first state to the second state without manual intervention.
25. A fluid control device, the device comprising:
a containment channel defined between an inlet and an outlet;
a sampling channel defined between the inlet and the outlet;
a selectively permeable blood barrier at a proximal end portion of the containment channel, the blood barrier configured to allow a gas to flow from the containment channel to the outlet in response to a pressure differential between the inlet and the outlet such that a volume of blood flows from a blood source, through the inlet, and into the containment channel; and
an actuator between a portion of the containment channel and sampling channel, the actuator in a first state configured to prevent the blood from flowing from the inlet to the outlet via the sampling channel, the actuator configured to transition to a second state in response to a pressure differential in at least a portion of the sampling channel between the actuator and the outlet exceeding a threshold pressure as a result of the volume of blood in the containment channel, the actuator in the second state configured to allow blood to flow through the sampling channel to the outlet.
26. The device of claim 25 , wherein the actuator is a plunger.
27. The device of claim 25 , wherein the actuator is a seal.
28. The device of claim 25 , wherein the actuator is a membrane.
29. The device of claim 25 , wherein the actuator is a flap.
30. The device of claim 25 , wherein the actuator is a plate.