IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,677,168
Granted Patent B2
US 12,677,168 · App. 18/326,967 · Granted Jul 7, 2026

Methods and apparatuses for signaling with geometric constellations in a Rayleigh Fading Channel

Inventors: Maged F. Barsoum (San Jose, CA); Christopher R. Jones (Pacific Palisades, CA)
Assignee: Constellation Designs, LLC
H04W24/02H04L1/0003H04L1/0009H04L5/006H04L27/3405H04W72/0453H04W72/0473
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,677,168
App. No.
18/326,967
Filed
May 31, 2023
Granted
Jul 7, 2026
Kind
B2
Art Unit
2631
USPC
375/268
Abstract

Communication systems are described that use signal constellations, which have unequally spaced (i.e. ‘geometrically’ shaped) points. In many embodiments, the communication systems use specific geometric constellations that are capacity optimized at a specific SNR, over the Rayleigh fading channel. In addition, ranges within which the constellation points of a capacity optimized constellation can be perturbed and are still likely to achieve a given percentage of the optimal capacity increase compared to a constellation that maximizes d min , are also described. Capacity measures that are used in the selection of the location of constellation points include, but are not limited to, parallel decode (PD) capacity and joint capacity.

Claims (157)

1 . A communication system, comprising:

a transmitter capable of transmitting signals via a communication channel;

wherein the transmitter comprises:

a coder capable of receiving bits and outputting encoded bits using a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code;

a mapper, coupled to the coder, capable of mapping encoded bits to symbols in a non-uniform symbol constellation;

a modulator, coupled to the mapper, capable of producing a signal for transmission via the communication channel based upon symbols generated by the mapper;

a receiver capable of receiving signals via the communication channel at a channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), wherein the receiver comprises:

a demodulator capable of demodulating a received signal into a demodulated signal;

a demapper, coupled to the demodulator, capable of determining likelihoods using the non-uniform symbol constellation; and

a decoder, coupled to the demapper, capable of using likelihoods determined by the demapper to provide a sequence of received bits based upon the LDPC code;

wherein the non-uniform symbol constellation is constructed by orthogonalizing non-uniform Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) constellations into Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for −0.5320≤r(i)≤0.5320 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−37.7602, −32.0093, −27.5785, −24.2219, −20.9075, −18.6078, −15.8834, −14.4076, −11.4808, −10.7002, −7.9842, −7.6972, −4.5506, −4.4707, −1.6645, −1.6412, 1.6435, 1.6666, 4.4731, 4.5532, 7.7004, 7.9858, 10.7014, 11.4808, 14.4074, 15.8829, 18.6066, 20.906, 24.2204, 27.577, 32.0068, 37.7537.

2 . The communication system of claim 1 , wherein the value of r(i) is less than or equal to 0.

3 . The communication system of claim 1 , wherein the value of r(i)=0.

4 . The communication system of claim 1 , wherein the transmitter is capable of selecting the non-uniform symbol constellation from a plurality of constellations including a plurality of non-uniform symbol constellations.

5 . The communication system of claim 1 , wherein the transmitter is capable of selecting an LDPC code rate and the non-uniform symbol constellation from a plurality of symbol constellations as a pair from a plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs.

6 . The communication system of claim 1 , wherein the symbols in the non-uniform symbol constellation are labelled using gray labels.

7 . The communication system of claim 1 , wherein the symbols in the non-uniform symbol constellation are labelled using binary reflective gray labels.

8 . The digital communication system of claim 1 , wherein the LDPC code has a code rate that is equal to or less than 0.6387.

9 . The digital communication system of claim 4 , wherein the non-uniform symbol constellation is characterized in that the non-uniform symbol constellation provides greater parallel decode capacity at a specific signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to a QAM 1024 constellation that maximizes minimum distance (d min ) at the specific SNR.

10 . The digital communication system of claim 4 , wherein the non-uniform symbol constellation is characterized in that selection of the non-uniform symbol constellation from the plurality of symbol constellations in combination with an LDPC code rate that is equal to or less than 0.6387 enables a receiver to decode the transmitted signals when the communication channel has a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver that is between 22.4 dB and 23.2 dB.

11 . The digital communication system of claim 4 , wherein the transmitter is configured to select the non-uniform symbol constellation in combination with an LDPC code rate that is equal to or less than 0.6387.

12 . The communication system of claim 5 , wherein:

the transmitter is capable of selecting an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a second LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.27212 and a second non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing second non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the second non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.6870≤r(i)≤0.6870 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−37.9896, −30.4644, −26.1314, −25.8467, −18.8919, −18.8919, −18.1165, −17.8829, −8.2966, −8.2966, −8.2966, −8.2966, −4.9384, −4.9384, −4.9004, −4.8867, 4.8863, 4.9008, 4.9384, 4.9384, 8.2966, 8.2966, 8.2966, 8.2966, 17.8840, 18.1156, 18.8918, 18.8918, 25.8467, 26.1314, 30.4644, and 37.9896.

13 . The communication system of claim 5 , wherein:

the transmitter is capable of selecting an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a third LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.34894 and a third non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing third non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the third non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.602≤r(i)≤0.602 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−38.8088, −31.7370, −26.1892, −25.0630, −18.4668, −18.4668, −16.6894, −16.6675, −9.2115, −9.2115, −9.0522, −9.0480, −3.7549, −3.7549, −3.7549, −3.7549, 3.7539, 3.7539, 3.7539, 3.7539, 9.0476, 9.0509, 9.2107, 9.2107, 16.6677, 16.6875, 18.4662, 18.4662, 25.0617, 26.1893, 31.7383, and 38.8190.

14 . The communication system of claim 5 , wherein:

the transmitter is capable of selecting an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a fourth LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.40756 and a fourth non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing fourth non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the fourth non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.5190≤r(i)≤0.5190 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−39.2317, −32.0637, −26.2140, −24.6366, −18.7399, −18.5633, −15.9554, −15.9554, −9.5560, −9.5560, −8.9852, −8.9797, −3.3963, −3.3963, −3.3645, −3.3634, 3.3646, 3.3653, 3.3966, 3.3966, 8.9803, 8.9851, 9.5562, 9.5562, 15.9543, 15.9543, 18.5618, 18.7381, 24.6352, 26.2126, 32.0635, and 39.2363.

15 . The communication system of claim 5 , wherein:

the transmitter is capable of selecting an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a fifth LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.54052 and a fifth non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing fifth non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the fifth non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.3410≤r(i)≤0.3410 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−38.5955, −32.0616, −27.0615, −24.0453, −19.9129, −18.8201, −15.3494, −15.1509, −10.9280, −10.9088, −8.0512, −8.0512, −4.2608, −4.2608, −1.9778, −1.9769, 1.9789, 1.9801, 4.2617, 4.2617, 8.0509, 8.0509, 10.9084, 10.9264, 15.1515, 15.3492, 18.8213, 19.9127, 24.0456, 27.0586, 32.0594, 38.5954.

16 . The communication system of claim 5 , wherein:

the transmitter is capable of selecting an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a sixth LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.56526 and a sixth non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing sixth non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the sixth non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.31≤r(i)≤0.31 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−38.3887, −32.0467, −27.2059, −24.0230, −20.1597, −18.7135, −15.4053, −15.0236, −11.0860, −11.0231, −8.0271, −8.0244, −4.4028, −4.4028, −1.8543, −1.8540, 1.8561, 1.8565, 4.4049, 4.4049, 8.0268, 8.0295, 11.0254, 11.0873, 15.0260, 15.4055, 18.7141, 20.1578, 24.0205, 27.2021, 32.0412, and 38.3824.

17 . The communication system of claim 5 , wherein:

the transmitter is capable of selecting an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a seventh LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.69882 and a seventh non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing seventh non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the seventh non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.441≤r(i)≤0.441 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−36.8223, −31.6346, −27.5952, −24.3912, −21.3627, −18.9630, −16.4909, −14.6073, −12.2395, −10.7040, −8.5986, −7.3701, −5.1427, −4.1180, −2.0669, −1.1401, 1.1397, 2.0664, 4.1177, 5.1424, 7.3697, 8.5984, 10.7038, 12.2394, 14.6073, 16.4909, 18.9632, 21.3631, 24.3917, 27.5958, 31.6352, and 36.8223.

18 . The communication system of claim 5 , wherein:

the transmitter is capable of selecting an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a eighth LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.76978 and an eighth non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing eighth non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the eighth non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.2830≤r(i)≤0.2830 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−35.7806, −31.1542, −27.5041, −24.5029, −21.7164, −19.3443, −17.0214, −15.0190, −12.8773, −11.1053, −9.1812, −7.5809, −5.6791, −4.1763, −2.3910, −0.9323, 0.9322, 2.3910, 4.1762, 5.6791, 7.5809, 9.1813, 11.1053, 12.8772, 15.0190, 17.0214, 19.3443, 21.7164, 24.5029, 27.5041, 31.1543, and 35.7805.

19 . The communication system of claim 5 , wherein:

the transmitter is capable of selecting an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a ninth LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.86236 and a ninth non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing ninth non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the ninth non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.185≤r(i)≤0.185 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−34.7205, −30.6582, −27.3954, −24.6158, −22.0414, −19.7371, −17.5199, −15.4780, −13.4322, −11.5522, −9.6593, −7.8881, −6.0512, −4.3433, −2.5729, −0.8935, 0.8940, 2.5734, 4.3438, 6.0516, 7.8885, 9.6597, 11.5525, 13.4325, 15.4781, 17.5200, 19.7371, 22.0413, 24.6154, 27.3948, 30.6573, and 34.7190.

20 . A communication system, comprising:

a transmitter capable of transmitting signals via a communication channel;

wherein the transmitter comprises:

a coder capable of receiving bits and outputting encoded bits using a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code;

a mapper, coupled to the coder, capable of mapping encoded bits to symbols in a non-uniform symbol constellation; and

a modulator, coupled to the mapper, capable of producing a signal for transmission via the communication channel based upon symbols generated by the mapper;

wherein the non-uniform symbol constellation is constructed by orthogonalizing non-uniform Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) constellations into Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i)+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for −0.5320≤r(i)≤0.5320 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−37.7602, −32.0093, −27.5785, −24.2219, −20.9075, −18.6078, −15.8834, −14.4076, −11.4808, −10.7002, −7.9842, −7.6972, −4.5506, −4.4707, −1.6645, −1.6412, 1.6435, 1.6666, 4.4731, 4.5532, 7.7004, 7.9858, 10.7014, 11.4808, 14.4074, 15.8829, 18.6066, 20.906, 24.2204, 27.577, 32.0068, 37.7537.

21 . The communication system of claim 20 , wherein the absolute value of r(i) is less than or equal to 0.2540.

22 . The communication system of claim 20 , wherein the value of r(i)=0.

23 . The communication system of claim 20 , wherein the transmitter is capable of selecting the non-uniform symbol constellation from a plurality of constellations including a plurality of non-uniform symbol constellations.

24 . The communication system of claim 20 , wherein the transmitter is capable of selecting an LDPC code rate and the non-uniform symbol constellation from a plurality of symbol constellations as a pair from a plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs.

25 . The communication system of claim 20 , wherein the symbols in the non-uniform symbol constellation are labelled using gray labels.

26 . The communication system of claim 20 , wherein the symbols in the non-uniform symbol constellation are labelled using binary reflective gray labels.

27 . The digital communication system of claim 20 , wherein the LDPC code has a code rate that is equal to or less than 0.6387.

28 . The digital communication system of claim 23 , wherein the non-uniform symbol constellation is characterized in that the non-uniform symbol constellation provides greater parallel decode capacity at a specific signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to a QAM 1024 constellation that maximizes minimum distance (d min ) at the specific SNR.

29 . The digital communication system of claim 23 , wherein the non-uniform symbol constellation is characterized in that selection of the non-uniform symbol constellation from the plurality of symbol constellations in combination with an LDPC code rate that is equal to or less than 0.6387 enables a receiver to decode the transmitted signals when the communication channel has a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver that is between 22.4 dB and 23.2 dB.

30 . The digital communication system of claim 23 , wherein the transmitter is configured to select the non-uniform symbol constellation in combination with an LDPC code rate that is equal to or less than 0.6387.

31 . The communication system of claim 24 , wherein:

the transmitter is capable of selecting an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a second LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.27212 and a second non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing second non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the second non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.6870≤r(i)≤0.6870 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−37.9896, −30.4644, −26.1314, −25.8467, −18.8919, −18.8919, −18.1165, −17.8829, −8.2966, −8.2966, −8.2966, −8.2966, −4.9384, −4.9384, −4.9004, −4.8867, 4.8863, 4.9008, 4.9384, 4.9384, 8.2966, 8.2966, 8.2966, 8.2966, 17.8840, 18.1156, 18.8918, 18.8918, 25.8467, 26.1314, 30.4644, and 37.9896.

32 . The communication system of claim 24 , wherein:

the transmitter is capable of selecting an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a third LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.34894 and a third non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing third non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the third non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.602≤r(i)≤0.602 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−38.8088, −31.7370, −26.1892, −25.0630, −18.4668, −18.4668, −16.6894, −16.6675, −9.2115, −9.2115, −9.0522, −9.0480, −3.7549, −3.7549, −3.7549, −3.7549, 3.7539, 3.7539, 3.7539, 3.7539, 9.0476, 9.0509, 9.2107, 9.2107, 16.6677, 16.6875, 18.4662, 18.4662, 25.0617, 26.1893, 31.7383, and 38.8190.

33 . The communication system of claim 24 , wherein:

the transmitter is capable of selecting an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a fourth LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.40756 and a fourth non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing fourth non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the fourth non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.5190≤r(i)≤0.5190 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−39.2317, −32.0637, −26.2140, −24.6366, −18.7399, −18.5633, −15.9554, −15.9554, −9.5560, −9.5560, −8.9852, −8.9797, −3.3963, −3.3963, −3.3645, −3.3634, 3.3646, 3.3653, 3.3966, 3.3966, 8.9803, 8.9851, 9.5562, 9.5562, 15.9543, 15.9543, 18.5618, 18.7381, 24.6352, 26.2126, 32.0635, and 39.2363.

34 . The communication system of claim 24 , wherein:

the transmitter is capable of selecting an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a fifth LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.54052 and a fifth non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing fifth non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the fifth non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.3410≤r(i)≤0.3410 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−38.5955, −32.0616, −27.0615, −24.0453, −19.9129, −18.8201, −15.3494, −15.1509, −10.9280, −10.9088, −8.0512, −8.0512, −4.2608, −4.2608, −1.9778, −1.9769, 1.9789, 1.9801, 4.2617, 4.2617, 8.0509, 8.0509, 10.9084, 10.9264, 15.1515, 15.3492, 18.8213, 19.9127, 24.0456, 27.0586, 32.0594, 38.5954.

35 . The communication system of claim 24 , wherein:

the transmitter is capable of selecting an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a sixth LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.56526 and a sixth non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing sixth non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the sixth non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.31≤r(i)≤0.31 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−38.3887, −32.0467, −27.2059, −24.0230, −20.1597, −18.7135, −15.4053, −15.0236, −11.0860, −11.0231, −8.0271, −8.0244, −4.4028, −4.4028, −1.8543, −1.8540, 1.8561, 1.8565, 4.4049, 4.4049, 8.0268, 8.0295, 11.0254, 11.0873, 15.0260, 15.4055, 18.7141, 20.1578, 24.0205, 27.2021, 32.0412, and 38.3824.

36 . The communication system of claim 24 , wherein:

the transmitter is capable of selecting an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a seventh LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.69882 and a seventh non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing seventh non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the seventh non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.441≤r(i)≤0.441 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−36.8223, −31.6346, −27.5952, −24.3912, −21.3627, −18.9630, −16.4909, −14.6073, −12.2395, −10.7040, −8.5986, −7.3701, −5.1427, −4.1180, −2.0669, −1.1401, 1.1397, 2.0664, 4.1177, 5.1424, 7.3697, 8.5984, 10.7038, 12.2394, 14.6073, 16.4909, 18.9632, 21.3631, 24.3917, 27.5958, 31.6352, and 36.8223.

37 . The communication system of claim 24 , wherein:

the transmitter is capable of selecting an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is an eighth LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.76978 and an eighth non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing eighth non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the eighth non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.2830≤r(i)≤0.2830 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−35.7806, −31.1542, −27.5041, −24.5029, −21.7164, −19.3443, −17.0214, −15.0190, −12.8773, −11.1053, −9.1812, −7.5809, −5.6791, −4.1763, −2.3910, −0.9323, 0.9322, 2.3910, 4.1762, 5.6791, 7.5809, 9.1813, 11.1053, 12.8772, 15.0190, 17.0214, 19.3443, 21.7164, 24.5029, 27.5041, 31.1543, and 35.7805.

38 . The communication system of claim 24 , wherein:

the transmitter is capable of selecting an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a ninth LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.86236 and a ninth non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing ninth non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the ninth non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.185≤r(i)≤0.185 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−34.7205, −30.6582, −27.3954, −24.6158, −22.0414, −19.7371, −17.5199, −15.4780, −13.4322, −11.5522, −9.6593, −7.8881, −6.0512, −4.3433, −2.5729, −0.8935, 0.8940, 2.5734, 4.3438, 6.0516, 7.8885, 9.6597, 11.5525, 13.4325, 15.4781, 17.5200, 19.7371, 22.0413, 24.6154, 27.3948, 30.6573, and 34.7190.

39 . A communication system, comprising:

a receiver capable of receiving signals via a communication channel having a channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), wherein the receiver comprises:

a demodulator capable of demodulating a received signal into a demodulated signal;

a demapper, coupled to the demodulator, capable of determining likelihoods using a non-uniform symbol constellation; and

a decoder, coupled to the demapper, capable of using likelihoods determined by the demapper to provide a sequence of received bits based upon the LDPC code; and

wherein the non-uniform symbol constellation is constructed by orthogonalizing non-uniform Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) constellations into Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for −0.5320≤r(i)≤0.5320 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−37.7602, −32.0093, −27.5785, −24.2219, −20.9075, −18.6078, −15.8834, −14.4076, −11.4808, −10.7002, −7.9842, −7.6972, −4.5506, −4.4707, −1.6645, −1.6412, 1.6435, 1.6666, 4.4731, 4.5532, 7.7004, 7.9858, 10.7014, 11.4808, 14.4074, 15.8829, 18.6066, 20.906, 24.2204, 27.577, 32.0068, 37.7537.

40 . The communication system of claim 39 , wherein the absolute value of r(i) is less than or equal to 0.2540.

41 . The communication system of claim 39 , wherein the value of r(i)=0.

42 . The digital communication system of claim 39 , wherein the LDPC code rate has a code rate that is equal to or less than 0.6387.

43 . The digital communication system of claim 39 , wherein the receiver is configured to select the non-uniform symbol constellation from a plurality of symbol constellations.

44 . The digital communication system of claim 43 , wherein the non-uniform symbol constellation is characterized in that the non-uniform symbol constellation provides greater parallel decode capacity at a specific signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to a QAM 1024 constellation that maximizes minimum distance (d min ) at the specific SNR.

45 . The digital communication system of claim 43 , wherein the receiver is configured to select the non-uniform symbol constellation from the plurality of symbol constellations in combination with an LDPC code rate that is equal to or less than 0.6387 and the receiver is capable of decoding the signals received via the communication channel using the LDPC code rate and the non-uniform symbol constellation when the communication channel SNR is between 22.4 dB and 23.2 dB.

46 . The digital communication system of claim 43 , wherein the receiver is configured to select the non-uniform symbol constellation in combination with an LDPC code rate that is equal to or less than 0.6387.

47 . The communication system of claim 43 , wherein the receiver is capable of selecting an LDPC code rate and the non-uniform symbol constellation from a plurality of symbol constellations as a pair from a plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs.

48 . The communication system of claim 47 , wherein each of the plurality of non-uniform symbol constellations is only included in one of the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs.

49 . The communication system of claim 47 , wherein:

the receiver is configured to select an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a second LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.27212 and a second non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing second non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the second non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.6870≤r(i)≤0.6870 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−37.9896, −30.4644, −26.1314, −25.8467, −18.8919, −18.8919, −18.1165, −17.8829, −8.2966, −8.2966, −8.2966, −8.2966, −4.9384, −4.9384, −4.9004, −4.8867, 4.8863, 4.9008, 4.9384, 4.9384, 8.2966, 8.2966, 8.2966, 8.2966, 17.8840, 18.1156, 18.8918, 18.8918, 25.8467, 26.1314, 30.4644, and 37.9896.

50 . The communication system of claim 47 , wherein:

the receiver is configured to select an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a third LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.34894 and a third non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing third non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the third non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.602≤r(i)≤0.602 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−38.8088, −31.7370, −26.1892, −25.0630, −18.4668, −18.4668, −16.6894, −16.6675, −9.2115, −9.2115, −9.0522, −9.0480, −3.7549, −3.7549, −3.7549, −3.7549, 3.7539, 3.7539, 3.7539, 3.7539, 9.0476, 9.0509, 9.2107, 9.2107, 16.6677, 16.6875, 18.4662, 18.4662, 25.0617, 26.1893, 31.7383, and 38.8190.

51 . The communication system of claim 47 , wherein:

the receiver is configured to select an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a fourth LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.40756 and a fourth non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing fourth non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the fourth non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.5190≤(i)≤0.5190 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−39.2317, −32.0637, −26.2140, −24.6366, −18.7399, −18.5633, −15.9554, −15.9554, −9.5560, −9.5560, −8.9852, −8.9797, −3.3963, −3.3963, −3.3645, −3.3634, 3.3646, 3.3653, 3.3966, 3.3966, 8.9803, 8.9851, 9.5562, 9.5562, 15.9543, 15.9543, 18.5618, 18.7381, 24.6352, 26.2126, 32.0635, and 39.2363.

52 . The communication system of claim 47 , wherein:

the receiver is configured to select an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a fifth LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.54052 and a fifth non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing fifth non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the fifth non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.3410≤r(i)≤0.3410 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−38.5955, −32.0616, −27.0615, −24.0453, −19.9129, −18.8201, −15.3494, −15.1509, −10.9280, −10.9088, −8.0512, −8.0512, −4.2608, −4.2608, −1.9778, −1.9769, 1.9789, 1.9801, 4.2617, 4.2617, 8.0509, 8.0509, 10.9084, 10.9264, 15.1515, 15.3492, 18.8213, 19.9127, 24.0456, 27.0586, 32.0594, 38.5954.

53 . The communication system of claim 47 , wherein:

the receiver is configured to select an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a sixth LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.56526 and a sixth non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing sixth non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the sixth non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.31≤r(i)≤0.31 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−38.3887, −32.0467, −27.2059, −24.0230, −20.1597, −18.7135, −15.4053, −15.0236, −11.0860, −11.0231, −8.0271, −8.0244, −4.4028, −4.4028, −1.8543, −1.8540, 1.8561, 1.8565, 4.4049, 4.4049, 8.0268, 8.0295, 11.0254, 11.0873, 15.0260, 15.4055, 18.7141, 20.1578, 24.0205, 27.2021, 32.0412, and 38.3824.

54 . The communication system of claim 47 , wherein:

the receiver is configured to select an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a seventh LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.69882 and a seventh non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing seventh non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the seventh non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.441≤r(i)≤0.441 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−36.8223, −31.6346, −27.5952, −24.3912, −21.3627, −18.9630, −16.4909, −14.6073, −12.2395, −10.7040, −8.5986, −7.3701, −5.1427, −4.1180, −2.0669, −1.1401, 1.1397, 2.0664, 4.1177, 5.1424, 7.3697, 8.5984, 10.7038, 12.2394, 14.6073, 16.4909, 18.9632, 21.3631, 24.3917, 27.5958, 31.6352, and 36.8223.

55 . The communication system of claim 47 , wherein:

the receiver is configured to select an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a eighth LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.76978 and a eighth non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing eighth non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the eight non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.2830≤r(i)≤0.2830 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−35.7806, −31.1542, −27.5041, −24.5029, −21.7164, −19.3443, −17.0214, −15.0190, −12.8773, −11.1053, −9.1812, −7.5809, −5.6791, −4.1763, −2.3910, −0.9323, 0.9322, 2.3910, 4.1762, 5.6791, 7.5809, 9.1813, 11.1053, 12.8772, 15.0190, 17.0214, 19.3443, 21.7164, 24.5029, 27.5041, 31.1543, and 35.7805.

56 . The communication system of claim 47 , wherein:

the receiver is configured to select an alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pair is a ninth LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol pair having a code rate equal to or less than 0.86236 and a ninth non-uniform symbol constellation constructed by orthogonalizing eighth non-uniform PAM constellations into QAM in-phase and quadrature components;

wherein points y(i) of the ninth non-uniform PAM constellations are defined such that y(i)=k(x(i)+r(i))+c, where k is a scaling factor, c=0, the value for r(i) is −0.185≤r(i)≤0.185 and the value of x(i) is selected from the group consisting of:

−34.7205, −30.6582, −27.3954, −24.6158, −22.0414, −19.7371, −17.5199, −15.4780, −13.4322, −11.5522, −9.6593, −7.8881, −6.0512, −4.3433, −2.5729, −0.8935, 0.8940, 2.5734, 4.3438, 6.0516, 7.8885, 9.6597, 11.5525, 13.4325, 15.4781, 17.5200, 19.7371, 42.0413, 24.6154, 27.3948, 30.6573, and 34.7190.

57 . The digital communication system of claim 39 , wherein the symbols in the non-uniform symbol constellation are labelled using Gray labels.

58 . The digital communication system of claim 39 , wherein the symbols in the non-uniform symbol constellation are labelled using binary reflective Gray labels.

Assignments (2)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Sep 5, 2025
From: BARSOUM, MAGED F.; JONES, CHRISTOPHER R.
To: CONSTELLATION DESIGNS, INC.
Reel/Frame 072178/0405 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Sep 5, 2025
From: CONSTELLATION DESIGNS, INC.
To: CONSTELLATION DESIGNS, LLC
Reel/Frame 072178/0440 →
Continuity (10)
Continuation 17346153 · Jun 11, 2021
Continuation 16752332 · Jan 24, 2020
Continuation 16517497 · Jul 19, 2019
Continuation 15682512 · Aug 21, 2017
Continuation 14943003 · Nov 16, 2015
Continuation 13179383 · Jul 8, 2011
Continuation In Part 12156989 · Jun 5, 2008
Provisional Application 60933319 · Jun 5, 2007
Provisional Application 61362649 · Jul 8, 2010
Related Publication 20240163691A1 · May 16, 2024
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“Exhibit B-09: International Patent Publication No. WO 2014/195303 A1 to Stadelmeier et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,0… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit B-10: Bernard Sklar, Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 1… [cited by applicant]
Petition for Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700 Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §§ 311-319, 37 C.F.R. § 42, IPR2023-00228, IPR Filed Dec. 8, 2022, 118 pgs. [cited by applicant]
Petition for Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700 Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §§ 311-319, 37 C.F.R. § 42, IPR2023-00319, IPR Filed Dec. 9, 2022, 105 pgs. [cited by applicant]
Petition for Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509 Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §§ 311-319, 37 C.F.R. § 42, IPR2023-00229, IPR Filed Dec. 8, 2022, 118 pgs. [cited by applicant]
Petition for Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509 Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §§ 311-319, 37 C.F.R. § 42, IPR2023-00320, IPR Filed Dec. 9, 2022, 140 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1001: U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00228, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 58 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1001: U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00319, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 58 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1001: U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00229, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 60 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1001: U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00320, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 60 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1002: Prosecution History for U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00228, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 1155 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1002: Prosecution History for U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00320, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 3250 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1003: Expert Declaration of Dr. Bertrand Hochwald”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00228, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 146 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1003: Expert Declaration of Dr. Bertrand Hochwald”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00319, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 142 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1003: Expert Declaration of Dr. Bertrand Hochwald”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00229, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 150 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1003: Expert Declaration of Dr. Bertrand Hochwald”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00320, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 163 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1004: PCT Patent Publication No. WO 2006089569A1 (“Bauch”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023- 00229, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 57 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1004: U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2004/0054960 to Eroz et al. (“Eroz”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00228, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 49 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1005: ETSI EN 300 744 V1.2.1, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television, Jul. 1999 (“DVB-T”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1005: U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2004/0054960 to Eroz et al. (“Eroz”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00229, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 49 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1006: D. Sommer and G.P. Fettweis, Signal Shaping by Non-Uniform QAM for AWGN Channels and Applications Using Turbo Coding, Jan. 2000 (“Sommer”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00228,… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1007: U.S. Patent Application No. 2007/0118787 (“Schmidt”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00229, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 13 pgs. [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit 1009: Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) ETSI EN 300 744 V1.2.1 (Jul. 1999) (“DVB-T”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00229, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 49 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1009: ETSI EN 302 307 V1.1.2, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadb… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1010: U.S. Appl. No. 60/933,319 (“'319 Provisional”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00228, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 6 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1010: U.S. Appl. No. 60/933,319 (“'319 Provisional”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00319, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 6 pgs. [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit 1014: De Gaudenzi et al., Turbo-coded APSK modulations design for satellite broadband communications, Int. J. Satell. Commun. Network. 2006; 24:261-281, Published online May 19, 2006 in Wiley InterScience (“DeG… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1014: De Gaudenzi et al., Turbo-coded APSK modulations design for satellite broadband communications, Int. J. Satell. Commun. Network. 2006; 24:261-281, Published online May 19, 2006 in Wiley InterScience (“DeG… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1014: De Gaudenzi et al., Turbo-coded APSK modulations design for satellite broadband communications, Int. J. Satell. Commun. Network. 2006; 24:261-281, Published online May 19, 2006 in Wiley InterScience (“DeG… [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit 1015: U.S. Appl. No. 60/933,319 (“'319 Provisional”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00320, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 6 pgs. [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit 1018: Memorandum, Interim Procedure for Discretionary Denials in AIA Post-Grant Proceedings with Parallel District Court Litigation (USPTO Jun. 21, 2022) (“Interim Procedure”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat.… [cited by applicant]
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“Decision: Denying Institution of Inter Partes Review 35 U.S.C. § 314, 37 C.F.R. § 42.4”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 8,842,761, IPR2022-01482, Apr. 20, 2023, 15 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Patent Owner's Preliminary Response”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00319, Filed Apr. 17, 2023, Exhibits included and uploaded in multiple parts. [cited by applicant]
“Patent Owner's Preliminary Response”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00228, Filed Apr. 20, 2023, Exhibits included and uploaded in multiple parts. [cited by applicant]
“Patent Owner's Preliminary Response”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00229, Filed Apr. 21, 2023, Exhibits included and uploaded in multiple parts. [cited by applicant]
“Patent Owner's Preliminary Response”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00320, Filed Apr. 21, 2023, Exhibits included and uploaded in multiple parts. [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit 1002: Prosecution History for U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00229, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 3250 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1002: Prosecution History for U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00319, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 1155 pgs. [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit 1020: Declaration of June Munford”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00229, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 104 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1020: First Declaration of June Munford”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00320, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 301 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1021: Proakis, John G. Digital Communications, Fourth Edition, 2000. (“Proakis”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00228, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 29 pgs. [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit 1022: ATSC Recommended Practice: Guidelines for the Physical Layer Protocol, Document No. A/327:2018”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00319, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 128 pgs. [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit 1023: ATSC 3.0 Standard: Physical Layer Protocol, Document No. A/322:2018”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00319, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 263 pgs. [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit 1025: Memorandum, Interim Procedure for Discretionary Denials in AIA Post-Grant Proceedings with Parallel District Court Litigation (USPTO Jun. 21, 2022) (“Interim Procedure”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat.… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1025: Memorandum, Interim Procedure for Discretionary Denials in AIA Post-Grant Proceedings with Parallel District Court Litigation (USPTO Jun. 21, 2022) (“Interim Procedure”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat.… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1026: Declaration of June Munford (ATSC327)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00319, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 157 pgs. [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit 1027: Declaration of June Munford (DG)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00319, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 42 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1027: U.S. Pat. No. 7,978,777 (“the '777” or “the '777”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00320, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 54 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1028: ATSC Recommended Practice: Guidelines for the Physical Layer Protocol, Document No. A/327:2018”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00320, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 128 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1028: Declaration of June Munford (Loghin)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00319, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 29 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1029: ATSC 3.0 Standard: Physical Layer Protocol, Document No. A/322:2017”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00320, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 262 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1030: Nabil Sven Loghin, Jan Zöllner, Belkacem Mouhouche, Daniel Ansorregui, Jinwoo Kim, and Sung-Ik Park, Non-Uniform Constellations for ATSC 3.0, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 62, No. 1, Mar. 2016 (… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1031: Second Declaration of June Munford”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00320, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 157 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1032: Third Declaration of June Munford”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00320, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 42 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1033: Fourth Declaration of June Munford”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00320, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 31 pgs. [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit C-03: U.S. Pat. No. 7,123,663 to De Gaudenzi et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Patent Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 11,039,324, [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit C-04: Le Goff, Signal Constellations for Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation, IEEE Transactions On Information Theory, vol. 49, No. 1”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,7… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit C-05: Ngo et al., Performance of non-uniform 16QAM modulation over linear and nonlinear channels, Electronics Letters”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,56… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit C-06: Ngo et al., A New Iterative Decoder for Turbo Codes on the Nonlinear Channel with Non-uniform 16QAM Modulation, Turbo-Coding-2006”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit C-07: Sommer et al., Signal Shaping by Non-Uniform QAM for AWGN Channels and Applications Using Turbo Coding”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit C-08: Stott, Proposal in response to DVB-T2 Call for Technologies: Non-uniform QAM, BBC Research”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit C-09: Tan et al., Analysis and Design of Interleaver Mappings for Iteratively Decoded BICM”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,9… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit C-10: Ureten et al., Decision Directed Iterative Equalization of OFDM Symbols Using Non-Uniform Interpolation”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 1… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit C-11: Zesong et al., Shaping Gain by Non-Uniform QAM Constellation with Binary Turbo Coded Modulation, The 14th IEEE 2003 International Symposium on Persona1, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communication Proceedings”,… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit C-12: Bernard Sklar, Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 1… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit D-01: Fitz, Jones, Barsoum, Constellation Design via Capacity Maximization, ISIT2007, Nice, France”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; … [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit D-02: De Gaudenzi et al., Turbo-coded APSK modulations design for satellite broadband communications, Wiley InterScience”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit D-03: ETSI EN 300 744 V1.5.1, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. No… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit D-04: ETSI EN 302 307 V1.1.2, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadb… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit D-05: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0054960 to Eroz et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 1… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit D-06: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0044000 to Shen et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 1… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit D-07: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0258177 to Shen et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 1… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit D-08: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0252791 to Shen et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 1… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit D-09: Torres et al., New proposal of Turbo Codes for ADSL modems, Vocal Technologies Ltd., ITU—Telecommunication Standardization Sector, Antwerp, Belgium, Jun. 19-23, 2000”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Cont… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit D-10: U.S. Pat. No. 7, 173,978 to Zhang et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 11,039,324, [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit D-11: Bernard Sklar, Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 1… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit E-01: International Patent Publication No. WO 2014/195303 A1 to Stadelmeier et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,0… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit E-02: U.S. Pat. No. 8,503,550 Ko et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 11,039,324, [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit E-03: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0252791 to Shen et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 1… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit E-04: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0118787 to Schmidt”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 11,03… [cited by applicant]