IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,476,859
Granted Patent B2
US 12,476,859 · App. 18/439,591 · Granted Nov 18, 2025

Methods and apparatuses for signaling with geometric constellations

Inventors: Maged F. Barsoum (San Jose, CA); Christopher R. Jones (Pacific Palisades, CA)
Assignee: Constellation Designs, LLC
H04L27/3405H04B14/023H04L1/0003H04L1/0009
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,476,859
App. No.
18/439,591
Granted
Nov 18, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

Communication systems are described that use signal constellations, which have unequally spaced (i.e. ‘geometrically’ shaped) points. In many embodiments, the communication systems use specific geometric constellations that are capacity optimized at a specific SNR. In addition, ranges within which the constellation points of a capacity optimized constellation can be perturbed and are still likely to achieve a given percentage of the optimal capacity increase compared to a constellation that maximizes d min , are also described. Capacity measures that are used in the selection of the location of constellation points include, but are not limited to, parallel decode (PD) capacity and joint capacity.

Claims (45)

1 . A method of receiving data, comprising:

receiving a signal at a receiver via a communication channel having a channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), where the receiver comprises a demodulator, a demapper, and a decoder;

demodulating the received signal into a demodulated signal using the demodulator and providing the demodulated signal to the demapper via a coupling between the demodulator and the demapper;

determining likelihoods using the demapper based upon the demodulated signal and a non-uniform quadrature amplitude modulation 1024-point symbol constellation (NU-QAM 1024);

providing the determined likelihoods to the decoder via a coupling between the demapper and the decoder; and

providing a sequence of received bits from the decoder based upon the determined likelihoods and a low density parity check (LDPC) code;

wherein the NU-QAM 1024 constellation comprises an in-phase component and a quadrature component, where each component comprises 32 levels of amplitude such that the amplitudes scaled by a scaling factor are within 0.15 from the following set of amplitudes: −34.448, −30.817, −27.660, −24.807, −22.185, −19.751, −17.476, −15.333, −13.305, −11.366, −9.509, −7.701, −5.953, −4.220, −2.533, −0.834, 0.833, 2.533, 4.220, 5.953, 7.701, 9.509, 11.366, 13.305, 15.333, 17.476, 19.752, 22.186, 24.808, 27.660, 30.818, and 34.449.

2 . The method of claim 1 , where each of the in-phase and quadrature components of the NU-QAM 1024 constellation comprises 32 levels of amplitude such that the amplitudes scaled by the scaling factor are from the following set of amplitudes: −34.448, −30.817, −27.660, −24.807, −22.185, −19.751, −17.476, −15.333, −13.305, −11.366, −9.509, −7.701, −5.953, −4.220, −2.533, −0.834, 0.833, 2.533, 4.220, 5.953, 7.701, 9.509, 11.366, 13.305, 15.333, 17.476, 19.752, 22.186, 24.808, 27.660, 30.818, and 34.449.

3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the LDPC code rate has a code rate that is equal to or less than 0.8835.

4 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising selecting, using the receiver, the NU-QAM 1024 constellation from a plurality of symbol constellations.

5 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the NU-QAM 1024 constellation is characterized in that the NU-QAM 1024 constellation provides greater parallel decode capacity at a specific signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to a QAM 1024 constellation that maximizes d min at the specific SNR.

6 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the receiver selects the NU-QAM 1024 constellation from the plurality of symbol constellations in combination with an LDPC code rate that is equal to or less than 0.8835 and the receiver decodes the signals received via the communication channel using the LDPC code rate and the NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation when the communication channel SNR is between 27.6 dB and 28.0 dB.

7 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the receiver decodes the signals received via the communication channel using the NU-QAM 1024 constellation when the communication channel SNR is between 27.4 dB and 28.0 dB.

8 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the receiver decodes the signals received via the communication channel using the NU-QAM 1024 constellation in combination with an LDPC code rate that is equal to or less than 0.8835 and greater than 0.8292 when the communication channel SNR is between 27.4 dB and 28.0 dB.

9 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the receiver decodes the signals received via the communication channel using the NU-QAM 1024 constellation when the communication channel SNR is greater than or equal to 27.4 dB.

10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the receiver selects the NU-QAM 1024 constellation in combination with an LDPC code rate that is equal to or less than 0.8835 and greater than 0.8292.

11 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the receiver selects an LDPC code rate and the NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation from the plurality of symbol constellations as a pair from a plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs.

12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein each of the plurality of non-uniform symbol constellations is only included in one of the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs.

13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein:

the receiver selects an alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair includes an LDPC code rate greater than 0.65634 and less than or equal to 0.68982; and

the receiver decodes the signals received via the communication channel using the alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair when the communication channel SNR is between 21.2 dB and 21.4 dB.

14 . The method of claim 12 , wherein:

the receiver selects an alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair includes an LDPC code rate greater than or equal to 0.66346 and less than or equal to 0.67046; and

the receiver decodes the signals received via the communication channel using the alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair when the communication channel SNR is greater than or equal to 20.6 dB and less than 21.6 dB.

15 . The method of claim 12 , wherein:

the receiver selects an alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair includes an LDPC code rate that is greater than or equal to 0.26724 and less than or equal to 0.27738; and

the receiver decodes the signals received via the communication channel using the alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair when the communication channel SNR is greater than or equal to 8.2 dB and less than 8.8 dB.

16 . The method of claim 12 , wherein:

the receiver selects an alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair includes an LDPC code rate between 0.46506 and 0.5106; and

the receiver decodes the signals received via the communication channel using the alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair when the communication channel SNR is between 14.2 dB and 15.6 dB.

17 . The method of claim 12 , wherein:

the receiver selects an alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair includes an LDPC code rate between 0.52978 and 0.57418; and

the receiver decodes the signals received via the communication channel using the alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair when the communication channel SNR is between 16.2 dB and 17.6 dB.

18 . The method of claim 12 , wherein:

the receiver selects an alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair includes an LDPC code rate between 0.59946 and 0.63782; and

the receiver decodes the signals received via the communication channel using the alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair when the communication channel SNR is between 18.4 dB and 19.6 dB.

19 . The method of claim 12 , wherein:

the receiver selects an alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair includes an LDPC code rate between 0.66394 and 0.70256; and

the receiver decodes the signals received via the communication channel using the alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair when the communication channel SNR is between 20.4 dB and 21.6 dB.

20 . The method of claim 12 , wherein:

the receiver selects an alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair from the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and non-uniform symbol constellation pairs, where the alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair includes an LDPC code rate between 0.75838 and 0.78238; and

the receiver decodes the signals received via the communication channel using the alternative LDPC code rate and NU-QAM 1024 symbol constellation pair when the communication channel SNR is between 23.4 dB and 24.2 dB.

21 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the plurality of symbol constellations includes multiple different sixty-four-point non-uniform symbol constellations, multiple different two-hundred-fifty-six-point non-uniform symbol constellations, and multiple different one-thousand-twenty-four-point non-uniform symbol constellations.

22 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the symbols in the NU-QAM 1024 are labelled using Gray labels.

23 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the symbols in the NU-QAM 1024 are labelled using binary reflective Gray labels.

Assignments (2)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Feb 28, 2025
From: BARSOUM, MAGED F.; JONES, CHRISTOPHER R.
To: CONSTELLATION DESIGNS, INC.
Reel/Frame 070372/0040 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Feb 28, 2025
From: CONSTELLATION DESIGNS, INC.
To: CONSTELLATION DESIGNS, LLC
Reel/Frame 070372/0084 →
Continuity (10)
Continuation 17328993 · May 24, 2021
Continuation 16734261 · Jan 3, 2020
Continuation 15826579 · Nov 29, 2017
Continuation 13608838 · Sep 10, 2012
Continuation 12650532 · Dec 30, 2009
Continuation In Part 12156989 · Jun 5, 2008
Provisional Application 61141935 · Dec 31, 2008
Provisional Application 61141662 · Dec 30, 2008
Provisional Application 60933319 · Jun 5, 2007
Related Publication 20240305513A1 · Sep 12, 2024
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Petition for Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509 Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §§ 311-319, 37 C.F.R. § 42, IPR2023-00320, IPR Filed Dec. 9, 2022, 140 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1001: U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00228, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 58 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1001: U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00319, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 58 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1001: U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00229, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 60 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1001: U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00320, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 60 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1002: Prosecution History for U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00228, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 1155 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1002: Prosecution History for U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00320, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 3250 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1003: Expert Declaration of Dr. Bertrand Hochwald”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00228, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 146 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1003: Expert Declaration of Dr. Bertrand Hochwald”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00319, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 142 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1003: Expert Declaration of Dr. Bertrand Hochwald”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00229, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 150 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1003: Expert Declaration of Dr. Bertrand Hochwald”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00320, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 163 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1004: PCT Patent Publication No. WO 2006089569A1 (“Bauch”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00229, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 57 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1004: U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2004/0054960 to Eroz et al. (“Eroz”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00228, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 49 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1005: ETSI EN 300 744 V1.2.1, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television, Jul. 1999 (“DVB-T”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1005: U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2004/0054960 to Eroz et al. (“Eroz”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00229, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 49 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1006: D. Sommer and G.P. Fettweis, Signal Shaping by Non-Uniform QAM for AWGN Channels and Applications Using Turbo Coding, Jan. 2000 (“Sommer”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00228,… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1007: U.S. Patent Application No. 2007/0118787 (“Schmidt”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00229, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 13 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1008: Ulrich Reimers et al., DVB The Family of International Standards for Digital Video Broadcasting, Second Edition, 2005 (“Ulrich”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00228, IPR filed… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1008: Ulrich Reimers et al., DVB The Family of International Standards for Digital Video Broadcasting, Second Edition, 2005 (“Ulrich”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00319, IPR filed… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1009: Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) ETSI EN 300 744 V1.2.1 (Jul. 1999) (“DVB-T”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00229, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 49 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1009: ETSI EN 302 307 V1.1.2, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadb… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1010: U.S. Appl. No. 60/933,319 (“'319 Provisional”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00228, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 6 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1010: U.S. Appl. No. 60/933,319 (“'319 Provisional”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00319, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 6 pgs. [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit 1011: Declaration of June Munford (ATSC322)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00319, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 301 pgs. [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit 1014: De Gaudenzi et al., Turbo-coded APSK modulations design for satellite broadband communications, Int. J. Satell. Commun. Network. 2006; 24:261-281, Published online May 19, 2006 in Wiley InterScience (“DeG… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1014: De Gaudenzi et al., Turbo-coded APSK modulations design for satellite broadband communications, Int. J. Satell. Commun. Network. 2006; 24:261-281, Published online May 19, 2006 in Wiley InterScience (“DeG… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1014: De Gaudenzi et al., Turbo-coded APSK modulations design for satellite broadband communications, Int. J. Satell. Commun. Network. 2006; 24:261-281, Published online May 19, 2006 in Wiley InterScience (“DeG… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1014: De Gaudenzi et al., Turbo-coded APSK modulations design for satellite broadband communications, Int. J. Satell. Commun. Network. 2006; 24:261-281, Published online May 19, 2006 in Wiley InterScience (“DeG… [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit 1015: U.S. Appl. No. 60/933,319 (“'319 Provisional”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00229, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 6 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1015: U.S. Appl. No. 60/933,319 (“'319 Provisional”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00320, IPR filed Dec. 9, 2022, 6 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1016: ETSI EN 302 307 V1.1.2, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadb… [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit 1017: Declaration of Friedhelm Rodermund”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00228, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 32 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1017: Declaration of Friedhelm Rodermund”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00229, IPR filed Dec. 8, 2022, 28 pgs. [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit 1018: Memorandum, Interim Procedure for Discretionary Denials in AIA Post-Grant Proceedings with Parallel District Court Litigation (USPTO Jun. 21, 2022) (“Interim Procedure”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat.… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit 1018: Memorandum, Interim Procedure for Discretionary Denials in AIA Post-Grant Proceedings with Parallel District Court Litigation (USPTO Jun. 21, 2022) (“Interim Procedure”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat.… [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit 1019: Ulrich Reimers et al., DVB The Family of International Standards for Digital Video Broadcasting, Second Edition, 2005 (“Ulrich”)”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00229, IPR filed… [cited by applicant]
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Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 11,039,324, [cited by applicant]
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“Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television”, Final draft ETSI EN 300 744 V1.4.1, European Standard (Telecommunication series), European Telecom… [cited by applicant]
“Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television”, Final draft ETSI EN 300 744 V1.5.1, European Standard (Telecommunication series), European Telecom… [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit A-02: De Gaudenzi et al., Turbo-coded APSK modulations design for satellite broadband communications, Wiley InterScience”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit A-03: U.S. Pat. No. 7,123,663 to De Gaudenzi et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 11,039,324, [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit A-04: Le Goff, Signal Constellations for Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 49, No. 1”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,7… [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit A-06: Ngo et al., A New Iterative Decoder for Turbo Codes on the Nonlinear Channel with Non-uniform 16Qam Modulation, Turbo-Coding-2006”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit A-07: Sommer et al., Signal Shaping by Non-Uniform QAM for AWGN Channels and Applications Using Turbo Coding”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit A-08: Scott, Proposal in response to DVB-T2 Call for Technologies: Non-uniform QAM, BBC Research”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit A-09: Tan et al., Analysis and Design of Interleaver Mappings for Iteratively Decoded BICM”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,9… [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit A-12: Bernard Sklar, Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 1… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit B-01: Harm S. Cronie, Coding and Modulation for Power and Bandwidth Efficient Communication, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Twente, The Netherlands (Sep. 11, 2008)”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit B-02: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0252791 to Shen et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 1… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit B-03: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0118787 to Schmidt”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 11,03… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit B-04: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0200114 A1 to Eberlein et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit B-05: U.S. Pat. No. 5,966,412 to Ramaswamy”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Patent Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 11,039,324, [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit B-06: U.S. Pat. No. 8,503,550 to Ko et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 11,039,324, [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit B-07: U.S. Pat. No. 9,036,694 to Zhou et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 11,039,324, [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit B-08: ATSC 3.0 Standard: Physical Layer Protocol, Document No. A/322:2016 dated Sep. 7, 2016”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit B-09: International Patent Publication No. WO 2014/195303 A1 to Stadelmeier et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,0… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit B-10: Bernard Sklar, Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 1… [cited by applicant]
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