Granted Patent
B2
US 12,305,304 · App. 18/327,835 · Granted May 20, 2025
Interface for carbon oxide electrolyzer bipolar membrane
Assignee:
Twelve Benefit Corporation
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Abstract
Provided herein are membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for carbon oxide reduction. According to various embodiments, the MEAs are configured to address challenges particular to CO x including mitigating the deleterious effects of electrical current fluctuations on the MEA. Bipolar membrane MEAs equipped with an interface composed of nanoparticles are described.
Claims (38)
1. A CO x reduction reactor comprising:
a membrane electrode assembly including
a cathode catalyst layer comprising a catalyst configured for reduction of CO x ;
an anode catalyst layer; and
a bipolar membrane disposed between the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer, wherein the bipolar membrane comprises an anion-conducting polymer layer, a cation-conducting polymer layer, and an interface region between the anion-conducting polymer layer and the cation-conducting polymer layer, and
wherein the interface region comprises nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles consist essentially of carbon nanoparticles; and
wherein the interface region is from about 1 to about 10 micrometers thick.
2. The CO x reduction reactor of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanoparticles comprise functionalized carbon nanoparticles.
3. A membrane electrode assembly comprising:
a cathode catalyst layer comprising a catalyst configured for reduction of CO x , wherein the catalyst of the cathode catalyst layer comprises Au, Ag, Cu, or a combination thereof;
an anode catalyst layer; and
a bipolar membrane disposed between the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer, wherein the bipolar membrane comprises an anion-conducting polymer layer, a cation-conducting polymer layer, and an interface region between the anion-conducting polymer layer and the cation-conducting polymer layer, and
wherein the interface region comprises nanoparticles wherein the nanoparticles consist essentially of carbon nanoparticles, and
wherein the interface region is from about 1 to about 10 micrometers thick.
4. The membrane electrode assembly of claim 3 , wherein a ratio of a thickness of the anion-conducting polymer layer to the thickness of the interface region is at least 10:1.
5. The membrane electrode assembly of claim 3 , wherein the interface region further comprises an ion-conducting polymer.
6. The membrane electrode assembly of claim 3 , wherein the cation-conducting polymer layer is disposed between the anode catalyst layer and the anion-conducting polymer layer.
7. The membrane electrode assembly of claim 3 , wherein the cathode catalyst layer comprises a reduction catalyst and an anion-conducting polymer.
8. The membrane electrode assembly of claim 3 , wherein the anode catalyst layer comprises an oxidation catalyst and a cation-conducting polymer.
9. The membrane electrode assembly of claim 3 , wherein the carbon nanoparticles comprise functionalized carbon nanoparticles.
10. A method of electrochemically reducing CO x comprising:
(a) providing a carbon oxide to a CO x reduction reactor, and
(b) electrochemically reducing the carbon oxide at a cathode of a CO x electrolyzer to produce a carbon containing product,
wherein the CO x reduction reactor comprises a membrane electrode assembly comprising:
a cathode catalyst layer;
an anode catalyst layer; and
a bipolar membrane disposed between the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer, wherein the bipolar membrane comprises an anion-conducting polymer layer, a cation-conducting polymer layer, and an interface region between the anion-conducting polymer layer and the cation-conducting polymer layer, and
wherein the interface region comprises nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles consist essentially of carbon nanoparticles, and
wherein the interface region is from about 1 to about 10 micrometers thick.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the CO x reduction reactor is subjected to electrical current fluctuations.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the electrical current fluctuations result from a recovery process, a power interruption, a current reversal, or a power outage.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the carbon oxide is carbon dioxide.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the carbon containing product comprises carbon monoxide, a hydrocarbon, formic acid, an alcohol, or a combination thereof.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the interface region further comprises an ion-conducting polymer.
16. The method of claim 10 , further comprising performing a recovery process, the recovery process comprising pausing electrical current supplied to the membrane electrode assembly.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein during the pausing of electrical current being supplied to the membrane electrode assembly, water splitting is facilitated at the carbon nanoparticles.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the pausing electrical current supplied to the membrane electrode assembly comprises significantly reducing the electrical current or turning the electrical current off.
19. The method of claim 10 , wherein the carbon nanoparticles comprise functionalized carbon nanoparticles.
Assignments (2)
SECURITY INTEREST
Recorded Jan 19, 2026
From: TWELVE BENEFIT CORPORATION
To: SUMITOMO MITSUI BANKING CORPORATION
Reel/Frame 074435/0926 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST
Recorded Sep 1, 2023
From: ZHAO, SHUAI; IZETT, EDWARD
To: TWELVE BENEFIT CORPORATION
Reel/Frame 064778/0339 →
Continuity (2)
Provisional Application
63379374
· Oct 13, 2022
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