Systems and methods for controlling heat transfer between components
A system for controlling heat transfer between components. The system includes a first component and a second component spaced apart from the first component. The system also includes a thermal diode positioned between the first and second components. The thermal diode includes a negative coefficient of thermal expansion layer and a positive coefficient of thermal expansion layer. The thermal diode is configured to transition between a connected state and a disconnected state. The thermal diode is configured to transition back-and-forth between the connected and disconnected states with variations in at least one of a first temperature of the first component or a second temperature of the second component.
1. A system for controlling heat transfer between components, the system comprising:
a first component;
a second component spaced apart from the first component;
a thermal diode positioned between the first and second components to selectively provide a connection between the first and second components, the thermal diode comprising:
a negative coefficient of thermal expansion layer defining an inner side and outer side, the outer side configured to be thermally connected to the first component;
a positive coefficient of thermal expansion layer defining an inner side and an outer side, the outer side configured to be thermally connected to the second component;
wherein the thermal diode is configured to transition between a connected state, at which the negative and positive coefficient of thermal expansion layers provide the connection between the first and second components to allow a flow of energy between the first and second components, and a disconnected state, at which the negative and positive coefficient of thermal expansion layers separate from each other to create a gap therebetween that prevents the flow of energy between the first and second components; and
wherein the thermal diode is configured to transition back-and-forth between the connected and disconnected states with variations in at least one of a first temperature of the first component or a second temperature of the second component.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein a transition point at which the thermal diode transitions between the connected and disconnected states is dependent upon the first and second temperatures and one or more material properties of at least one of the positive coefficient of thermal expansion layer or the negative coefficient of thermal expansion layer.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the one or more material properties comprise at least one of a thickness or coefficient of expansion/retraction of the at least one of the positive coefficient of thermal expansion or the negative coefficient of thermal expansion layer.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the transition point occurs at different temperatures of the first and second temperatures with variations in the at least one of the thickness or coefficient of expansion/retraction.
5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a biasing mechanism disposed between one of: (1) the first component and the negative coefficient of thermal expansion layer; or (2) the second component and the positive coefficient of thermal expansion layer, wherein the biasing mechanism is configured to apply a compressive force against the thermal diode that bias the negative and positive coefficient of thermal expansion layers towards the connected state.
6. The system of claim 5 , further comprising an adjustment mechanism configured to adjust an amount of the compressive force applied by the biasing mechanism against the thermal diode.
7. The system of claim 5 , wherein a transition point at which the thermal diode transitions between the connected and disconnected states is dependent upon the first and second temperatures and the amount of the compressive force applied by the biasing mechanism against the thermal diode.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein, the flow of energy across the system is one of thermal energy or electrical energy.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first component or the second component is a heat-generating component or is coupled to a heat-generating component.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the second component comprises an electronic component.
11. A method of controlling heat transfer between first and second components, wherein a thermal diode is positioned between the first and second components to selectively provide a connection therebetween, the thermal diode including a negative coefficient of thermal expansion layer and a positive coefficient of thermal expansion layer, the negative coefficient of thermal expansion layer defining an inner side and outer side, with the outer side of the negative coefficient of thermal expansion layer being thermally connected to the first component, the positive coefficient of thermal expansion layer defining an inner side and an outer side, with the outer side of the positive coefficient of thermal expansion layer being thermally connected to the second component; the method comprising:
transitioning the thermal diode from a connected state, at which the negative and positive coefficient of thermal expansion layers provide the connection between the first and second components to allow a flow of energy between the first and second components, to a disconnected state, at which the negative and positive coefficient of thermal expansion layers separate from each other to create a gap therebetween that prevents the flow of energy between the first and second components based on a variation in at least one of a first temperature of the first component or a second temperature of the second component; and
transitioning the thermal diode from the disconnected state back to the connected state based on a further variation in the at least one of the first temperature of the first component or the second temperature of the second component.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein transitioning the thermal diode between the connected and disconnected states comprises transitioning the thermal diode between the connected and disconnected states at a transition point dependent upon the first and second temperatures and one or more material properties of at least one of the positive coefficient of thermal expansion layer or the negative coefficient of thermal expansion layer.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the one or more material properties comprise at least one of a thickness or coefficient of expansion/retraction of the at least one of the positive coefficient of thermal expansion or the negative coefficient of thermal expansion layer.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the transition point occurs at different temperatures of the first and second temperatures with variations in the at least one of the thickness or coefficient of expansion/retraction.
15. The method of claim 12 , further comprising applying a compressive force against the thermal diode via a biasing mechanism to bias the negative and positive coefficient of thermal expansion layers towards the connected state.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising adjusting an amount of the compressive force applied against the thermal diode by the biasing mechanism.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein a transition point at which the thermal diode transitions between the connected and disconnected states is dependent upon the first and second temperatures and an amount of the compressive force applied against the thermal diode.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the flow of energy across the system is one of thermal energy or electrical energy.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein at least one of the first component or the second component is a heat-generating component or is coupled to a heat-generating component.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the second component comprises an electronic component.