Reduced-polymer-loading, high-temperature fracturing fluids and methods and systems related thereto
Methods and systems including a composition of a hydratable polymer slurry comprising a hydrocarbon-based solvent. The hydrocarbon-based solvent includes a hydratable polymer powder and at least one of a polar surfactant, a hydrocarbon-soluble polymer, and/or an organophilic clay, wherein the polymer slurry is prepared at a temperature greater than 22° C. by mixing.
1. A method of treating a subterranean formation, the method comprising:
preparing a polymer slurry by mixing at a temperature from 40° C. to 60° C.;
hydrating the polymer slurry with an aqueous carrier fluid to form a reduced-polymer-loading fracturing fluid, the polymer slurry comprising:
a hydrocarbon-based solvent,
a hydratable polymer powder comprising polyacrylamide, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, or both,
a polar surfactant comprising C9-C11 alcohols reacted with ethylene oxide to produce ethoxylates,
a hydrocarbon-soluble polymer comprising a linear diblock copolymer based on styrene and ethylene/propylene, and
an organophilic clay comprising clay treated with an amine; and
introducing the reduced-polymer-loading fracturing fluid into a subterranean formation at a rate and pressure to induce at least one fracture therein.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer slurry is hydrated with the aqueous carrier fluid on-the-fly.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reduced-polymer-loading fracturing fluid further comprises proppant particulates that are introduced into the at least one fracture.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the proppant particulates are present in the reduced-polymer-loading fracturing fluid in an amount of about 0.25 pounds per gallon (ppg) to about 30 ppg by volume of the aqueous carrier fluid.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the organophilic clay further comprises a clay treated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous carrier fluid comprises proppant particulates prior to the hydrating of the polymer slurry with the aqueous carrier fluid to form the reduced-polymer-loading fracturing fluid, and wherein introducing the reduced-polymer-loading fracturing fluid into the subterranean formation to induce the at least one fracture therein comprises introducing the proppant particulates into the at least one fracture.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon-based solvent is selected from the group consisting of hydrotreated petroleum distillate, hydrotreated naphthalenic heavy oil, mineral oil, diesel oil, castor oil, palm oil and derivatives thereof, vegetable oil, animal oil, polyol-based hydrocarbon, biodegradable fatty acids, an acetal, and an olefin.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon-based solvent is present at a concentration of about 20 wt. % to about 80 wt. % of the polymer slurry.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydratable polymer powder further comprises a polymer is selected from the group consisting of a copolymer of acrylamide and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPSA), a terpolymer of acrylamide, acrylic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPSA), and an acrylamide-based polymer with hydrophobic monomers.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydratable polymer powder is present at a concentration of about 5 wt. % to about 60 wt. % of the polymer slurry.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon-soluble polymer further comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of a linear diblock copolymer based on styrene and ethylene/propylene, sulfonated polystyrene, sulfonated t-butyl styrene, sulfonated polyethylene, sulfonated polypropylene, sulfonated styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer, sulfonated styrene/methyl methacrylate copolymer, sulfonated block copolymers of styrene/ethylene oxide, acrylic acid copolymer with styrene, sulfonated polyisobutylene, sulfonated ethylene-propylene terpolymer, sulfonated polyisoprene, and sulfonated elastomer and copolymer with isoprene styrene sulfonate copolymer polymer, styrene, t-butyl styrene, acrylonitrile, isoprene, butadiene, acrylates, methacrylates, and vinyl acetate.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon-soluble polymer is present at a concentration of about 0.4 wt. % to about 20 wt. % of the polymer slurry.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organophilic clay comprises a clay treated with an amine selected from the group consisting of cetylammonium, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, octadecylammonium bromide, tetradecyl trimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide, 1-hexadecylamin, octadecylamine, trimethylammonium bromide, octadecylammonium bromide, (butoxymethyl) dodecyl dimethylammonium chloride, dodecyl dimethyl(hexyloxymethyl)-ammonium chloride, dodecyl dimethyl(octyloxymethyl)-ammonium chloride, (decyloxymethyl)dodecyl dimethylammonium chloride, dodecyl dimethyl-(dodecyloxymethyl) ammonium chloride, (benzyloxymethyl) dodecyl dimethylammonium chloride, octadecylammonium chloride, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)laurylammonium chloride, diethyl[2(methacryloyloxyl)ethyl]-ammonium chloride, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)lauryl-(vinylbenzyl)ammonium chloride, tetrabutyl phosphonium bromide, tributyl hexadecylphosphonium bromide, tributyl tetradecylphosphonium chloride, tetraphenyl phosphonium bromide, methyl triphenylphosphonium bromide, ethyl triphenylphosphonium bromide, propyl triphenylphosphonium bromide, trimethyloctadecylammonium, dimethyldioctadecylammonium, trimethyloctadecylammonium, dimethyldioctadecylammonium, and dimethyldi(HT)ammonium, and any combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organophilic clay is present at a concentration of about 0.1 wt. % to about 5 wt. % of the polymer slurry.