Delivering tumor treating fields (TTFields) using implantable transducer arrays
Tumor treating fields (TTFields) can be delivered by implanting a plurality of sets of implantable electrode elements within a person's body. Temperature sensors positioned to measure the temperature at the electrode elements are also implanted, along with a circuit that collects temperature measurements from the temperature sensors. In some embodiments, an AC voltage generator configured to apply an AC voltage across the plurality of sets of electrode elements is also implanted within the person's body.
1. An apparatus for delivering tumor treating fields, the apparatus comprising:
a plurality of sets of electrode elements, wherein each of the sets of electrode elements is configured for implantation within a person's body;
a plurality of temperature sensors configured for implantation within the person's body and positioned to measure a temperature at each of the sets of electrode elements; and
at least one circuit configured for implantation within the person's body, wherein the at least one circuit is configured and positioned to reduce a number of conductors that are required to obtain temperature measurements from the plurality of temperature sensors and to forward the obtained temperature measurements to an output.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the sets of electrode elements comprises a plurality of capacitively coupled electrode elements.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the temperature sensors comprises a thermistor.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sets of electrode elements, the plurality of temperature sensors, and the at least one circuit are all implanted in the person's body.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of one or more electrode elements in each of the sets of electrode elements is associated with a respective one of the temperature sensors.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the electrode elements is associated with a respective one of the temperature sensors.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the at least one circuit is configured to control a current that is applied to each individual electrode element based on signals from the plurality of temperature sensors so that the electrode elements do not overheat.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one circuit comprises a UART configured to implement serial data communication.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of switches and a controller, wherein the controller is programmed to (a) determine when a temperature at a given electrode element exceeds a threshold value based on a signal from a respective one of the temperature sensors and (b) reduce a duty cycle at a corresponding one of the switches in order to reduce an average current at the given electrode element.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of switches and a controller, wherein the controller is programmed to (a) determine how fast a given electrode element heats up based on a signal from a respective one of the temperature sensors and (b) select a duty cycle for a corresponding one of the switches based on the determined heating speed.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of switches and a controller, wherein the controller is programmed to (a) determine when a temperature at a given electrode element exceeds a threshold value based on a signal from a respective one of the temperature sensors, (b) subsequently switch off current to the given electrode element by sending a first control signal to a corresponding one of the switches, (c) subsequently determine when a temperature at the given electrode element drops below a second temperature threshold, and (d) subsequently restore the current to the given electrode element by sending a second control signal to the corresponding one of the switches.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a hub.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the hub is configured for implantation within the person's body and is implanted in the body.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the hub is implanted in the person's thorax.
15. The apparatus of claim 12 , further comprising a plurality of multiplexors configured for implantation within the person's body, wherein each of the multiplexors is positioned to reduce the number of conductors that are required to obtain temperature measurements from each respective subset of temperature sensors of the plurality of temperature sensors, each respective subset corresponding to each of the sets of electrode elements, and forward the obtained temperature measurements to the hub.
16. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein each of the sets of electrode elements is connected to the hub via a respective cable, and no more than four conductors are used in each cable that runs between each of the sets of electrode elements and the hub.
17. The apparatus of claim 12 , further comprising an AC voltage generator, wherein the hub collects temperature measurements from each of the sets of electrode elements, and wherein no more than four conductors are used in a cable that runs between the hub and the AC voltage generator.