Vacuum insulated panel seal density
A vacuum insulating panel may include: a first substrate; a second substrate; a plurality of spacers provided in a gap between at least the first and second substrates, wherein the gap is at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure; a seal provided between at least the first substrate and the second substrate, the seal comprising a first seal layer; wherein the first seal layer comprises tellurium oxide and vanadium oxide; wherein the first seal layer comprises, on a wt. %, more tellurium oxide than vanadium oxide, and has a density of from about 2.8-4.0 g/cm 3 .
1. A vacuum insulating panel comprising:
a first substrate;
a second substrate;
a plurality of spacers provided in a gap between at least the first and second substrates, wherein the gap is at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure;
a seal provided at least partially between at least the first and second substrates, the seal comprising a first seal layer having a Te/V ratio of at least about 1.5:1 in terms of wt. % and comprising from about 20-80 wt. % tellurium oxide, and a second seal layer; and
wherein the first seal layer has a density of from about 2.8-4.0 g/cm 3 , the second seal layer has a density of from about 3.0-4.2 g/cm 3 , and wherein the density of the second seal layer is at least about 0.20 g/cm 3 greater than the density of the first seal layer.
2. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the density of the first seal layer is at least about 3.00 g/cm 3 .
3. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the density of the first seal layer is from about 3.10-3.70 g/cm 3 .
4. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the density of the first seal layer is at least about 3.20 g/cm 3 .
5. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the density of the second seal layer is at least about 0.30 g/cm 3 greater than the density of the first seal layer.
6. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the density of the second seal layer is from about 3.3-4.0 g/cm 3 .
7. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the density of the first seal layer is from about 3.15-3.40 g/cm 3 and the density of the second seal layer is from about 3.5-3.8 g/cm 3 .
8. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the first and second seal layers comprise ceramic and are substantially lead-free.
9. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the tellurium oxide comprises TeO 4 and TeO 3 , and wherein the first seal layer comprises more TeO 3 than TeO 4 by wt. %.
10. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 9 , wherein from about 60-95% of the Te in the first seal layer is in a form of TeO 3 .
11. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 9 , wherein from about 70-90% of the Te in the first seal layer is in a form of TeO 3 .
12. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the first seal layer comprises from about 40-70 wt. % tellurium oxide.
13. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the first seal layer further comprises from about 10-50 wt. % vanadium oxide, and wherein the first seal layer by wt. % comprises more tellurium oxide than vanadium oxide.
14. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 13 , wherein the vanadium oxide comprises VO 2 and V 2 O 5 , and wherein the first seal layer comprises more VO 2 than V 2 O 5 .
15. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 14 , wherein from about 50-75% of the V in the first seal layer is in a form of VO 2 .
16. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the first seal layer further comprises from about 12-40 wt. % vanadium oxide and from about 3-30 wt. % aluminum oxide.
17. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the first seal layer is a main seal layer and the second seal layer is a primer layer.
18. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the second seal layer comprises bismuth oxide and/or boron oxide.
19. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 18 , wherein the second seal layer comprises from about 1-40 mol % bismuth and from about 3-40 mol % boron on an elemental basis, and comprises at least two times more boron (B) than bismuth (Bi) on an elemental basis in terms of mol %.
20. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the first seal layer has an average particle size (D50) of from about 5-25 μm.
21. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the first seal layer has an average particle size (D50) of from about 5-20 μm.
22. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the first seal layer has an average particle size (D50) of from about 10-15 μm.
23. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the first seal layer is at least about 30 μm thinner than a thickness of the second seal layer.
24. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein, for at least one location of the seal, a width of the first seal layer is less than a width of the second seal layer by at least about 1 mm.
25. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the seal is an edge seal of the vacuum insulating panel.
26. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the first and second substrates comprise heat strengthened glass substrates.
27. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the first and second substrates comprise tempered glass substrates.
28. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the seal comprises a third seal layer, wherein the first seal layer is located between at least the second and third seal layers, and for at least one location of the seal the first seal layer has a first thickness, the second seal layer has a second thickness, and the third seal layer has a third thickness, wherein the first thickness is greater than the second thickness and less than the third thickness.
29. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the panel is configured for use in a window.
30. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 1 , wherein the seal is a hermetic edge seal.
31. A vacuum insulating panel comprising:
a first substrate;
a second substrate;
at least one spacer provided in a gap between at least the first and second substrates, wherein the gap is at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure;
a seal provided at least partially between at least the first and second substrates, the seal comprising a first seal layer and a second seal layer;
wherein the first seal layer has a density of from about 2.8-4.0 g/cm 3 , the second seal layer has a density of from about 3.0-4.2 g/cm 3 , and wherein the density of the second seal layer is at least about 0.20 g/cm 3 greater than the density of the first seal layer; and
wherein the seal further comprises a third seal layer, wherein the first seal layer is located between at least the second and third seal layers; wherein for at least one location of the seal the first seal layer has a first thickness, the second seal layer has a second thickness, and the third seal layer has a third thickness, and wherein the first thickness is greater than the second thickness and less than the third thickness.
32. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 31 , wherein the third seal layer is a primer layer and comprises bismuth oxide and/or boron oxide.
33. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 31 , wherein the first seal layer comprises from about 20-80 wt. % tellurium oxide.
34. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 31 , wherein the first seal layer comprises from about 20-80 wt. % tellurium oxide.
35. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 34 , wherein the second seal layer comprises bismuth oxide and/or boron oxide.
36. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 31 , wherein the density of the first seal layer is at least about 3.00 g/cm 3 .
37. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 31 , wherein the first seal layer comprises from about 40-70 wt. % tellurium oxide and from about 10-50 wt. % vanadium oxide, and wherein the first seal layer by wt. % comprises more tellurium oxide than vanadium oxide.
38. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 31 , wherein the first seal layer comprises from about 20-80 wt. % tellurium oxide, from about 12-40 wt. % vanadium oxide, and from about 3-30 wt. % aluminum oxide, and wherein the second seal layer comprises bismuth oxide and/or boron oxide.
39. A vacuum insulating panel comprising:
a first substrate;
a second substrate;
at least one spacer provided in a gap between at least the first and second substrates, wherein the gap is at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure;
a seal provided at least partially between at least the first and second substrates, the seal comprising a first seal layer and a second seal layer;
wherein the first seal layer has a density of from about 2.8-4.0 g/cm 3 , the second seal layer has a density of from about 3.0-4.2 g/cm 3 , and wherein the density of the second seal layer is at least about 0.20 g/cm 3 greater than the density of the first seal layer; and
wherein, for at least one location of the seal, an outer lateral edge of the first seal layer is spaced inwardly from an outer lateral edge of the second seal layer by an offset distance of at least about 0.5 mm.
40. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 39 , wherein the first seal layer comprises from about 20-80 wt. % tellurium oxide.
41. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 40 , wherein the second seal layer comprises bismuth oxide and/or boron oxide.
42. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 39 , wherein the density of the first seal layer is at least about 3.00 g/cm 3 .
43. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 39 , wherein the first seal layer comprises from about 40-70 wt. % tellurium oxide and from about 10-50 wt. % vanadium oxide, and wherein the first seal layer by wt. % comprises more tellurium oxide than vanadium oxide.
44. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 39 , wherein the first seal layer comprises from about 20-80 wt. % tellurium oxide, from about 12-40 wt. % vanadium oxide, and from about 3-30 wt. % aluminum oxide.
45. A vacuum insulating panel comprising:
a first substrate;
a second substrate;
a plurality of spacers provided in a gap between at least the first and second substrates, wherein the gap is at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure;
a seal provided between at least the first and second substrates, the seal comprising a first ceramic seal layer, a second ceramic seal layer, and a third ceramic seal layer, and wherein the seal is substantially lead-free;
wherein the first seal layer has a density of from about 2.9-3.9 g/cm 3 , the second seal layer has a density of from about 3.0-4.2 g/cm 3 , and the third seal layer has a density of from about 3.0-4.2 g/cm 3 , and wherein the density of the second seal layer is at least about 0.20 g/cm 3 greater than the density of the first seal layer;
wherein, for at least one location of the seal, the first seal layer has a first thickness, the second seal layer has a second thickness, and the third seal layer has a third thickness; and
wherein the first thickness is greater than the second thickness and less than the third thickness.
46. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 45 , wherein the first seal layer comprises from about 20-80 wt. % tellurium oxide.
47. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 46 , wherein the second seal layer comprises bismuth oxide and/or boron oxide.
48. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 45 , wherein the density of the first seal layer is at least about 3.00 g/cm 3 .
49. The vacuum insulating panel of claim 45 , wherein the first seal layer comprises from about 40-70 wt. % tellurium oxide and from about 10-50 wt. % vanadium oxide, and wherein the first seal layer by wt. % comprises more tellurium oxide than vanadium oxide.
50. A vacuum insulating panel comprising:
a first substrate;
a second substrate;
a plurality of spacers provided in a gap between at least the first and second substrates, wherein the gap is at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure;
a seal provided at least partially between at least the first and second substrates, the seal comprising a first seal layer comprising at least 45 wt. % tellurium oxide and a second seal layer; and
wherein the first seal layer has a density of from about 2.8-4.0 g/cm 3 , the second seal layer has a density of from about 3.0-4.2 g/cm 3 , and wherein the density of the second seal layer is at least about 0.20 g/cm 3 greater than the density of the first seal layer.