Method of making vacuum insulated panel with optimized laser speed
A method of making a vacuum insulating panel, the vacuum insulating panel comprising a first glass substrate, a second glass substrate, a plurality of spacers provided in a gap between at least the first and second glass substrates, and a seal provided between at least the first and second glass substrates, the seal comprising a first seal layer and/or a second seal layer. The method may include laser heating, using a laser beam from a continuous wave near-IR laser, seal material in order to form the first seal layer; wherein the laser heating may include causing the laser beam to move at a lateral speed of from about 5-70 mm/second relative to the substrates and the first seal material so that the laser beam at least partially passes through at least one of the glass substrates and impinges upon at least the second seal layer in order to heat the second seal layer and fire and/or sinter the first seal material thereby forming the first seal layer.
1. A method of making a vacuum insulating panel, the vacuum insulating panel comprising a first glass substrate, a second glass substrate, a plurality of spacers provided in a gap between at least the first and second glass substrates, and a seal provided at least partially between at least the first and second glass substrates, the seal comprising a first seal layer and a second seal layer; wherein the method comprises:
firing and/or sintering second seal material to form the second seal layer;
providing first seal material for the first seal layer in a location contacting the second seal layer;
wherein the second seal layer comprises bismuth oxide and boron oxide, and where the second seal layer comprises from about 1-40 mol % bismuth and from about 3-40 mol % boron on an elemental basis, and wherein the second seal layer comprises at least two times more boron than bismuth on an elemental basis in terms of mol %;
laser heating, using a laser beam from a laser, the first seal material in order to form the first seal layer;
wherein said laser heating comprises causing the laser beam to move at a lateral speed from about 5-70 mm/second relative to the substrates and the first seal material so that the laser beam at least partially passes through at least one of the glass substrates and impinges upon at least the second seal layer in order to heat the second seal layer and fire and/or sinter the first seal material thereby forming the first seal layer, in a manner so that at least one of (i) induced transient thermal stress in the first seal layer does not exceed about 25 MPa, and/or (ii) the first seal layer has a density of from about 2.8-4.0 g/cm 3 ; and
after forming the first seal layer, evacuating the gap to a pressure less than atmospheric pressure.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the laser comprises a near-IR laser that emits a wavelength of from about 780-1064 nm.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lateral speed of the laser beam is from about 5-50 mm/second.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lateral speed of the laser beam is from about 10-30 mm/second.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lateral speed of the laser beam is from about 20-30 mm/second.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said laser heating is performed at a speed to form the first seal layer so that induced transient thermal stress in the first seal layer does not exceed about 20 MPa.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said laser heating is performed at a speed to form the first seal layer so that induced transient thermal stress in the first seal layer does not exceed about 18 MPa.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said laser heating is performed at a speed to form the first seal layer so that induced transient thermal stress in the at least one glass substrate through which at least part of the laser beam passes does not exceed 15 MPa.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said laser heating is performed at a speed to form the first seal layer so that induced transient thermal stress in the at least one glass substrate through which at least part of the laser beam passes does not exceed 13 MPa.
10. A method of making a vacuum insulating panel, the vacuum insulating panel comprising a first glass substrate, a second glass substrate, a plurality of spacers provided in a gap between at least the first and second glass substrates, and a seal provided at least partially between at least the first and second glass substrates, the seal comprising a first seal layer and a second seal layer; wherein the method comprises:
firing and/or sintering second seal material to form the second seal layer;
providing first seal material for the first seal layer in a location contacting the second seal layer;
laser heating, using a laser beam from a laser, the first seal material in order to form the first seal layer;
wherein said laser heating comprises causing the laser beam to move at a lateral speed from about 5-70 mm/second relative to the substrates and the first seal material so that the laser beam at least partially passes through at least one of the glass substrates and impinges upon at least the second seal layer in order to heat the second seal layer and fire and/or sinter the first seal material thereby forming the first seal layer, in a manner so that at least one of (i) induced transient thermal stress in the first seal layer does not exceed about 25 MPa. and/or (ii) the first seal layer has a density from about 2.8-4.0 g/cm 3 ;
wherein the first seal material comprises tellurium oxide and vanadium oxide, the first seal material comprising more tellurium oxide than vanadium oxide by wt. %, and wherein prior to said laser heating the first seal material comprises from about 20-70 wt. % tellurium oxide, the tellurium oxide comprising TeO 4 and TeO 3 , and wherein the first seal material comprises more TeO 4 than TeO 3 by wt. % so that TeO 4 >TeO 3 in terms of wt. % in the first seal material; and wherein said laser heating causes the TeO 4 >TeO 3 in the first seal material to transform into TeO 3 >TeO 4 due to said laser heating, whereby an amount of TeO 4 decreases and an amount of TeO 3 increases due to said laser heating, so that after said laser heating and formation of the first seal layer, the first seal layer comprises more TeO 3 than TeO 4 by wt. %, and comprises from about 20-80% wt. % tellurium oxide; and
after forming the first seal layer, evacuating the gap to a pressure less than atmospheric pressure.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said laser heating causes a ratio TeO 4 :TeO 3 to change from about 1.0 to 2.0 in the first seal material prior to said laser heating, to from about 0.05 to 0.40 in the first seal layer after said laser heating.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein said laser heating causes a ratio TeO 4 :TeO 3 to change from about 1.2 to 1.6 in the first seal material prior to said laser heating, to from about 0.10 to 0.30 in the first seal layer after said laser heating.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein from about 60-95% of Te in the first seal layer is in a form of TeO 3 after said laser heating.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein said laser heating causes a binding energy of a Te peak for the first seal material to shift at least about 0.15 eV.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the vanadium oxide comprises VO 2 and V 2 O 5 , and wherein prior to said laser heating said first seal material comprises more V 2 O 5 than VO 2 by wt. %, and wherein said laser heating causes a relationship V 2 O 5 >VO 2 in the first seal material to transform into VO 2 >V 2 O 5 due to said laser heating, whereby an amount of VO 2 increases and an amount of V 2 O 5 decreases due to said laser heating, so that after said laser heating the first seal layer comprises more VO 2 than V 2 O 5 by wt. %.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said laser heating causes a ratio V 2 O 5 :VO 2 to change from about 3.0 to 8.0 in the first seal material prior to said laser heating, to from about 0.20 to 0.80 in the first seal layer after said laser heating.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein from about 50-75% of V in the first seal layer is in a form of VO 2 after said laser heating.
18. A method of making a vacuum insulating panel, the vacuum insulating panel comprising a first glass substrate, a second glass substrate, a plurality of spacers provided in a gap between at least the first and second glass substrates, and a seal provided at least partially between at least the first and second glass substrates, the seal comprising a first seal layer and a second seal layer; wherein the method comprises:
firing and/or sintering second seal material to form the second seal layer;
providing first seal material for the first seal layer in a location contacting the second seal layer;
laser heating, using a laser beam from a laser, the first seal material in order to form the first seal layer;
wherein said laser heating comprises causing the laser beam to move at a lateral speed from about 5-70 mm/second relative to the substrates and the first seal material so that the laser beam at least partially passes through at least one of the glass substrates and impinges upon at least the second seal layer in order to heat the second seal layer and fire and/or sinter the first seal material thereby forming the first seal layer, in a manner so that at least one of (i) induced transient thermal stress in the first seal layer does not exceed about 25 MPa, and/or (ii) the first seal layer has a density from about 2.8-4.0 g/cm 3 ;
wherein the first seal layer comprises from about 40-70 wt. % tellurium oxide and from about 12-40 wt. % vanadium oxide; and
after forming the first seal layer, evacuating the gap to a pressure less than atmospheric pressure.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second seal layer comprises bismuth oxide and boron oxide, and where the second seal layer comprises from about 1-40 mol % bismuth and from about 3-40 mol % boron on an elemental basis, and wherein the second seal layer comprises at least two times more boron than bismuth on an elemental basis in terms of mol %.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first seal layer has a physical thickness of about 30-120 μm.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the second seal layer has a physical thickness of about 20-70 μm, and wherein the first seal layer is thicker than the second seal layer.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the seal is a hermetic edge seal of the vacuum insulating panel.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first seal layer has a density of from about 2.8-4.0 g/cm 3 .
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first seal layer has a density of at least about 3.0 g/cm 3 .
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the seal comprises a third seal layer, and wherein the first seal layer is at least partially located between at least the second and third seal layers.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein said firing and/or sintering the second seal material is performed while thermally tempering at least one of the glass substrates, to form the second seal layer.
27. A method of making a vacuum insulating panel, the vacuum insulating panel comprising a first glass substrate, a second glass substrate, a plurality of spacers provided in a gap between at least the first and second glass substrates, and a seal provided at least partially between at least the first and second glass substrates, the seal comprising a first seal layer, a second seal layer, and a third seal layer; wherein the method comprises:
providing first seal material for the first seal layer at a location at least partially between the second and third seal layers;
wherein the second and/or third seal layer comprises bismuth oxide and boron oxide, and where the second and/or third seal layer comprises from about 1-40 mol % bismuth and from about 3-40 mol % boron on an elemental basis, and comprises at least two times more boron than bismuth on an elemental basis in terms of mol %;
laser heating, using a laser beam from a laser, the first seal material in order to form the first seal layer having a physical thickness of about 30-120 μm;
wherein said laser heating comprises causing the laser beam to move at a lateral speed of from about 5-70 mm/second relative to the substrates and the first seal material so that the laser beam at least partially passes through at least one of the glass substrates and impinges upon at least the second seal layer in order to heat the second seal layer and fire and/or sinter the first seal material thereby forming the first seal layer, in a manner so that at least one of (i) induced transient thermal stress in the first seal layer does not exceed about 25 MPa, and/or (ii) the first seal layer has a density of from about 2.8-4.0 g/cm3; and
after forming the first seal layer, evacuating the gap to a pressure less than atmospheric pressure.
28. A method of making a vacuum insulating panel, the vacuum insulating panel comprising a first glass substrate, a second glass substrate, a plurality of spacers provided in a gap between at least the first and second glass substrates, and a seal provided at least partially between at least the first and second glass substrates, the seal comprising a first seal layer; wherein the method comprises:
laser heating, using a laser beam from a laser, a first seal material in order to form the first seal layer having a physical thickness of about 30-120 μm;
wherein said laser heating comprises causing the laser beam to move at a lateral speed of from about 5-70 mm/second relative to the substrates and the first seal material so that the laser beam at least partially passes through at least one of the glass substrates thereby firing and/or sintering the first seal material to form the first seal layer;
wherein the first seal material comprises tellurium oxide and vanadium oxide, the first seal material comprising more tellurium oxide than vanadium oxide by wt. %, and wherein prior to said laser heating the first seal material comprises from about 20-70 wt. % tellurium oxide, the tellurium oxide comprising TeO 4 and TeO 3 , and wherein the first seal material comprises more TeO 4 than TeO 3 by wt. % so that TeO 4 >TeO 3 in terms of wt. % in the first seal material;
wherein said laser heating causes the TeO 4 >TeO 3 in the first seal material to transform into TeO 3 >TeO 4 due to said laser heating, whereby an amount of TeO 4 decreases and an amount of TeO 3 increases due to said laser heating, so that after said laser heating the first seal material and formation of the first seal layer, the first seal layer comprises more TeO 3 than TeO 4 by wt. %, and comprises from about 20-80% wt. % tellurium oxide; and
after forming the first seal layer, evacuating the gap to a pressure less than atmospheric pressure.
29. The method of claim 1 , wherein prior to said laser heating the first seal material comprises from about 20-70 wt. % tellurium oxide, the tellurium oxide comprising TeO 4 and TeO 3 , and wherein the first seal material comprises more TeO 4 than TeO 3 by wt. % so that TeO 4 >TeO 3 in terms of wt. % in the first seal material;
and wherein said laser heating causes the TeO 4 >TeO 3 in the first seal material to transform into TeO 3 >TeO 4 due to said laser heating, whereby an amount of TeO 4 decreases and an amount of TeO 3 increases due to said laser heating, so that after said laser heating and formation of the first seal layer, the first seal layer comprises more TeO 3 than TeO 4 by wt. %, and comprises from about 20-80% wt. % tellurium oxide.
30. The method of claim 29 , wherein said laser heating causes a binding energy of a Te peak for the first seal material to shift at least about 0.15 eV.
31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the first seal material further comprises vanadium oxide which comprises VO 2 and V 2 O 5 , and wherein prior to said laser heating said first seal material comprises more V 2 O 5 than VO 2 by wt. %, and wherein said laser heating causes a relationship V 2 O 5 >VO 2 in the first seal material to transform into VO 2 >V 2 O 5 due to said laser heating, whereby an amount of VO 2 increases and an amount of V 2 O 5 decreases due to said laser heating, so that after said laser heating the first seal layer comprises more VO 2 than V 2 O 5 by wt. %.
32. The method of claim 30 , wherein the second seal layer comprises at least three times more boron than bismuth on an elemental basis in terms of mol %.