Method and materials for manipulating hydraulic fracture geometry
Materials for manipulating hydraulic fracture geometry. In one embodiment, the materials comprises a tip screen-out mixture, which comprises water; a hydrophilic polymer of anionic polyacrylamide, wherein the hydrophilic polymer is hydrolized at least in part; and one or more crosslinking agents selected from a group of compounds consisting of polyvalent metal cations.
1. A tip screen-out mixture comprising:
water;
a hydrophilic polymer of anionic, polyacrylamide, wherein the hydrophilic polymer is hydrolized at least in part, and further wherein the hydrophilic polymer comprises a hydrophilic polymer concentration in the water; and
one or more crosslinking agents selected from a group of compounds consisting of polyvalent metal cations, wherein the one or more crosslinking agents comprises a crosslinking agent concentration in the water;
wherein the hydrophilic polymer concentration and the crosslinking agent concentration are each between 0.01 wt. % and 10 wt. % in the water, and further wherein the temperature of the hydrophilic polymer is selected to timely inhibit crosslinking of hydrogels until properly disposed in one or more hydraulic fractures.
2. The tip screen-out mixture of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic polymer is synthetic or biologically-derived.
3. The tip screen-out mixture of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic polymer and the one or more crosslinking agents form the hydrogels when mixed together.
4. The tip screen-out mixture of claim 3 , wherein the hydrophilic polymer concentrations and the crosslinking agents concentration are each selected to form the hydrogels at a desired viscosity and density and in a desired time period.
5. The tip screen-out mixture of claim 1 , wherein the polyvalent metal cations are aluminum sulfate, chromium dichloride, chromium trichloride, or organic polyamines.
6. The tip screen-out mixture of claim 5 , wherein the organic polyamines are polyethylene imine or amine terminated polymers of ethylene oxide.
7. The tip screen-out mixture of claim 5 , wherein concentration of the organic polyamines is between about 0.01 wt. % and about 1 wt. % in water.
8. The tip screen-out mixture of claim 1 , wherein the polyvalent metal cations are Calcium (II), Chromium (II), Chromium (III), Aluminum (III), Iron (III), Titanium (IV), Zirconium (IV), or any combinations thereof.
9. The tip screen-out mixture of claim 1 , wherein the one or more crosslinking agents is a Chromium (III) complex with a carboxylic acid or acids.
10. The tip screen-out mixture of claim 9 , wherein the carboxylic acid is acetic acid.