Interface with variable data rate
A device includes a transmitter coupled to a node, where the node is to couple to a wired link. The transmitter has a plurality of modes of operation including a calibration mode in which a range of communication data rates over the wired link is determined in accordance with a voltage margin corresponding to the wired link at a predetermined error rate. The range of communication data rates includes a maximum data rate, which can be a non-integer multiple of an initial data rate.
1. A device, comprising:
a transmit circuit to couple to a wired link and to transmit data from the device to a second device;
a receive circuit to couple to the wired link and to receive data transmitted by the second device; and
a command buffer coupled to the transmit circuit and receive circuit, to provide control signals to configure bi-directional communication of information over the wired link with the second device at various data rates, where a maximum data rate of the various data rates is a non-integer multiple of an initial data rate of the various data rates and is determined based on a metric for communication of information over the wired link determined for each of two or more of the various data rates, wherein the control signals are to:
increase a voltage swing of the transmit circuit if the maximum data rate is less than a target data rate;
decrease a supply voltage of the transmit circuit if the maximum data rate is greater than the target data rate; and
decrease the voltage swing of the transmit circuit if the maximum data rate is greater than the target data rate.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the metric for communication of information is an error rate.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the metric for communication of information at a respective data rate of the various data rates is a performance metric for communication of information at the respective data rate.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the maximum data rate is determined based on the metric and on a power consumption constraint.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the control signals iteratively adjust a data rate of communication of information over the wired link, relative to the initial data rate, in accordance with a performance metric for communication of information over the wired link, subject to a power consumption constraint, so as to determine an adjusted data rate of communication of information over the wired link.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein a second data rate of the various data rates corresponds to transmission of data over the wired link with an error rate corresponding to a predetermined error rate, and the second data rate is determined based on a predicted timing margin or predicted voltage margin, which is determined based on the metric and corresponds to the predetermined error rate.
7. A system, comprising a first device and a second device,
the first device comprising:
a transmit circuit to couple to a wired link and to transmit data from the first device to the second device;
a receive circuit to couple to the wired link and to receive data transmitted by the second device; and
a command buffer coupled to the transmit circuit and receive circuit, to provide control signals to configure bi-directional communication of information over the wired link with the second device at various data rates, where a maximum data rate of the various data rates is a non-integer multiple of an initial data rate of the various data rates and is determined based on a metric for communication of information over the wired link determined for each of two or more of the various data rates, wherein the control signals are to:
increase a voltage swing of the transmit circuit if the maximum data rate is less than a target data rate;
decrease a supply voltage of the transmit circuit if the maximum data rate is greater than the target data rate; and
decrease the voltage swing of the transmit circuit if the maximum data rate is greater than the target data rate; and
the second device comprising control logic to provide command instructions to the command buffer of the first device.
8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the control logic of the second device is configured to determine a first voltage margin corresponding to transmitting data over the wired link at a first error rate, determine a second voltage margin corresponding to transmitting data over the wired link at a second error rate, and determine a noise metric based on the first voltage margin and second voltage margin.
9. The system of claim 7 , wherein the control logic of the second device is configured to:
determine a first offset voltage of the receive circuit, wherein the first offset voltage corresponds to a first error rate of the receive circuit;
determine a second offset voltage of the receive circuit, wherein the second offset voltage corresponds to a second error rate of the receive circuit that is lower than the first error rate of the receive circuit;
determine a noise metric in accordance with the first offset voltage and the second offset voltage; and
determine a predicted third offset voltage of the receive circuit in accordance with the noise metric and the second offset voltage, wherein the predicted third offset voltage corresponds to a third error rate of the receive circuit, and the third error rate corresponds to a target error rate and the predicted third offset voltage corresponds to a voltage margin;
wherein the receive circuit is configured to receive data signals utilizing a voltage margin parameter corresponding to the predicted third offset voltage, to produce output signals, output by the receive circuit.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the control logic of the second device is configured to determine a respective offset voltage of the first offset voltage and second offset voltage by determining a response of the receive circuit at a sequence of voltages.
11. The system of claim 9 , wherein the control logic of the second device is configured to determine the predicted third offset voltage in accordance with a formula of the form V 3 =V 2 −αN, where V 2 is the second offset voltage, N is a noise metric, and α is a coefficient determined in accordance with the second error rate and the target error rate.
12. A method of operating a device configured to be coupled to and transmit and receive data via a wired link, wherein the device includes:
a transmit circuit to couple with the wired link and to transmit data from the device to a second device,
a receive circuit to couple to the wired link and to receive data transmitted by the second device, and
a command buffer coupled to the transmit circuit and receive circuit, to provide control signals to configure bi-directional communication of information over the wired link with the second device at various data rates,
wherein the transmit circuit and receive circuit of the device are configurable for bi-directional communication of information over the wired link with the second device at various data rates, where a maximum data rate of the various data rates is a non-integer multiple of an initial data rate of the various data rates;
the method comprising, providing control signals from the command buffer to:
increase a voltage swing of the transmit circuit if a determined maximum data rate is less than a target data rate;
decrease a supply voltage of the transmit circuit if the determined maximum data rate is greater than the target data rate; and
decrease the voltage swing of the transmit circuit if the determined maximum data rate is greater than the target data rate.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein a metric for communication of information used for determining the maximum data rate is an error rate.
14. The method of claim 12 , including determining the maximum data rate using a performance metric for communication of information over the wired link at a respective data rate of the various data rates.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the maximum data rate is determined based on a metric for communication of information over the wired link and on a power consumption constraint.
16. The method of claim 12 , including iteratively adjusting a data rate of communication of information over the wired link, relative to the initial data rate, in accordance with a performance metric for communication of information over the wired link, subject to a power consumption constraint, so as to determine an adjusted data rate of communication of information over the wired link.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein a second data rate of the various data rates corresponds to transmission of data over the wired link with an error rate corresponding to a predetermined error rate, and the second data rate is determined based on a predicted timing margin or predicted voltage margin, which is determined based on a metric for communication of information over the wired link and corresponds to the predetermined error rate.
18. The method of claim 12 , including determining a first voltage margin corresponding to transmitting data over the wired link at a first error rate, determining a second voltage margin corresponding to transmitting data over the wired link at a second error rate, and determining a noise metric based on the first voltage margin and second voltage margin.
19. The method of claim 12 , including:
determining a first offset voltage of the receive circuit, wherein the first offset voltage corresponds to a first error rate of the receive circuit;
determining a second offset voltage of the receive circuit, wherein the second offset voltage corresponds to a second error rate of the receive circuit that is lower than the first error rate of the receive circuit;
determining a noise metric in accordance with the first offset voltage and the second offset voltage; and
determining a predicted third offset voltage of the receive circuit in accordance with the noise metric and the second offset voltage, wherein the predicted third offset voltage corresponds to a third error rate of the receive circuit, and the third error rate corresponds to a target error rate and the predicted third offset voltage corresponds to a voltage margin;
wherein the receive circuit is configured to receive data signals utilizing a voltage margin parameter corresponding to the predicted third offset voltage, to produce output signals, output by the receive circuit.
20. The method of claim 19 , including determining a respective offset voltage of the first offset voltage and second offset voltage by determining a response of the receive circuit at a sequence of voltages.