Method of modifying isoelectric point of antibody via amino acid substitution in CDR
The present inventors provide methods for modifying the isoelectric point of an antibody while retaining its antigen-binding activity, comprising modifying the charge of at least one exposable amino acid residue on the surface of the complementarity determining region (CDR). The present invention also provides methods for purifying multispecific antibodies, comprising modifying isoelectric point, and methods for improving the plasma pharmacokinetics of antibodies, comprising modifying isoelectric point. The present invention further provides antibodies with a modified isoelectric point, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the antibodies as an active ingredient, and methods for producing the antibodies and compositions.
1. A method for producing a multispecific antibody comprising a first arm comprising a first heavy chain variable region (VH) and a first light chain variable region (VL) and a second arm comprising a second VH and a second VL, the method comprising using a standard chromatographic technique to purify the multispecific antibody from a mixture of the multispecific antibody, a homomultimer of the first arm, and a homomultimer of the second arm, wherein:
the amino acid residue at Kabat numbering position 55 in the first VL is glutamic acid or aspartic acid;
the amino acid residue at Kabat numbering position 55 in the second VL has no charge or has a positive charge;
the isoelectric point of the first arm is different from the isoelectric point of the second arm;
the standard chromatographic technique separates the multispecific antibody from the two homomultimers based at least in part on the different isoelectric points of the first and second arms; and
the standard chromatographic technique comprises cation exchange chromatography, anion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography, hydrophobic charge interaction chromatography, or chromatofocusing.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising glutamic acid or aspartic acid residue at Kabat numbering position 31 in the first VH, and an amino acid residue that either has no charge or is positively charged at Kabat numbering position 31 in the second VH.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multispecific antibody is a bispecific antibody that is human or humanized.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the standard chromatographic technique comprises cation exchange chromatography.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein either the first arm or the second arm or both comprise an IgG4 heavy chain constant region.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein one of the two arms binds to Factor IX and the other arm binds to Factor X.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multispecific antibody is a bispecific antibody containing one copy of the first arm and one copy of the second arm, the homomultimer of the first arm is a homodimer of the first arm, and the homomultimer of the second arm is a homodimer of the second arm.
8. A method for producing a multispecific antibody comprising a first arm comprising a first VH and a first VL and a second arm comprising a second VH and a second VL, the method comprising using a standard chromatographic technique to purify the multispecific antibody from a mixture of the multispecific antibody, a homomultimer of the first arm, and a homomultimer of the second arm, wherein:
Kabat numbering positions 61 and 64 in the first VH are both occupied by lysine residues;
Kabat numbering positions 61 and 64 in the second VH are occupied by amino acid residues that either have no charge or are negatively charged;
the isoelectric point of the first arm is different from the isoelectric point of the second arm;
the standard chromatographic technique separates the multispecific antibody from the two homomultimers based at least in part on the different isoelectric points of the first and second arms; and
the standard chromatographic technique comprises cation exchange chromatography, anion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography, hydrophobic charge interaction chromatography, or chromatofocusing.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising a lysine residue at Kabat numbering position 53 in the first VL and an amino acid residue that either has no charge or is negatively charged at Kabat numbering position 53 in the second VL.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the multispecific antibody is a bispecific antibody that is human or humanized.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the standard chromatographic technique comprises cation exchange chromatography.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein either the first arm or the second arm or both comprise an IgG4 heavy chain constant region.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein one of the two arms binds to Factor IX and the other arm binds to Factor X.
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the multispecific antibody is a bispecific antibody containing one copy of the first arm and one copy of the second arm, the homomultimer of the first arm is a homodimer of the first arm, and the homomultimer of the second arm is a homodimer of the second arm.
15. A method for producing a multispecific antibody comprising a first arm comprising a first VH and a first VL and a second arm comprising a second VH and a second VL, the method comprising using a standard chromatographic technique to purify the multispecific antibody from a mixture of the multispecific antibody, a homomultimer of the first arm, and a homomultimer of the second arm, wherein:
the amino acid residue at Kabat numbering position 53 in the first VL is lysine, and the amino acid residue at Kabat numbering position 53 in the second VL is uncharged;
the isoelectric point of the first arm is different from the isoelectric point of the second arm;
the standard chromatographic technique separates the multispecific antibody from the two homomultimers based at least in part on the different isoelectric points of the first and second arms; and
the standard chromatographic technique comprises cation exchange chromatography, anion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography, hydrophobic charge interaction chromatography, or chromatofocusing.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising lysine residues at Kabat numbering positions 61 and 64 in the first VH and uncharged amino acid residues at Kabat numbering positions 61 and 64 in the second VH.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the multispecific antibody is a bispecific antibody that is human or humanized.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein either the first arm or the second arm or both comprise an IgG4 heavy chain constant region.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein one of the two arms binds to Factor IX and the other arm binds to Factor X.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the standard chromatographic technique comprises cation exchange chromatography.
21. The method of claim 15 , wherein the multispecific antibody is a bispecific antibody containing one copy of the first arm and one copy of the second arm, the homomultimer of the first arm is a homodimer of the first arm, and the homomultimer of the second arm is a homodimer of the second arm.