Systems and methods for generation of electrical power at a drilling rig
Embodiments of systems and methods for generating power in the vicinity of a drilling rig are disclosed. During a drilling operation, heat generated by drilling fluid flowing from a borehole, exhaust from an engine, and/or fluid from an engine's water (or other fluid) jacket, for example, may be utilized by corresponding heat exchangers to facilitate heat transfer to a working fluid. The heated working fluid may cause an ORC unit to generate electrical power.
1. A method for generating power, the method comprising:
pumping drilling fluid from a drilling fluid container to a drill pipe associated with a drilling rig, the drilling fluid to flow through the drill pipe to a location that generates a heated drilling fluid from flow of the drilling fluid, the heated drilling fluid to flow to a drilling fluid return pipe;
diverting one or more of: (1) the heated drilling fluid to a first heat exchanger connected to a working fluid manifold and positioned to transfer heat from the heated drilling fluid to a flow of a first portion of a working fluid, thereby to generate a cooled drilling fluid and a heated first portion of the working fluid, the heated first portion of the working fluid positioned to cause a generator to generate electrical power, (2) exhaust produced by one or more engines, to a second heat exchanger connected to the working fluid manifold, the second heat exchanger positioned to transfer heat from the exhaust to a flow of a second portion of the working fluid to generate a heated second portion of the working fluid, the heat second portion of the working fluid to cause a generator to generate electrical power, or (3) heated coolant from a water jacket associated with the one or more engines to a third heat exchanger connected to the working fluid manifold, the third heat exchanger to transfer heat from the heated coolant to a flow of a third portion of the working fluid to generate a heated third portion of the working fluid, the heated third portion of the working fluid positioned to cause a generator to generate electrical power;
determining an exhaust thermal mass of the exhaust produced by the one or more engines;
determining an ambient temperature of the drilling rig;
in response to one or more of (1) a determination that the exhaust thermal mass of the exhaust from the one or more engines is outside of an exhaust thermal mass range, or (2) a determination that an ambient temperature exceeds an engine operating range, adjusting flow of the exhaust from the one or more engines to the second heat exchanger; and
returning the cooled drilling fluid to the drilling fluid container.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to returning the cooled drilling fluid to the drilling fluid container:
degassing the cooled drilling fluid; and
removing cuttings included in the cooled drilling fluid from formation of a borehole.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to diversion of the heated drilling fluid:
sensing a temperature of the heated drilling fluid;
in response to the temperature of the heated drilling fluid being lower than a generator operating range, preventing a flow of the heated drilling fluid to the first heat exchanger; and
in response to the temperature of the heated drilling fluid being within a generator operating range, diverting the flow of the heated drilling fluid to the first heat exchanger.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more engines drives one or more generator sets, wherein the one or more generator sets generate a total of about 2 megawatts to about 10 megawatts, and wherein the exhaust from the one or more engines has a temperature in the range of about 500° Fahrenheit (F) to about 1200° (F.) and a flow rate in the range of at about 2000 cubic feet per minute (CFM) to about 20000 CFM.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein prior to transport of the heated coolant to the third heat exchanger:
sensing a heated coolant temperature of the flow of heated coolant from the water jacket, and
in response to the heated coolant temperature being outside of a water jacket temperature range, preventing or allowing flow of the heated coolant from the water jacket to the third heat exchanger.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heated coolant has a temperature in the range of about 165° F. to about 230° F. and a flow rate in a range of at about 70 gallons per minute to about 250 gallons per minute.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, in response to a determination that electrical power utilization of a drilling fluid chiller exceeds an operating range, increasing an amount of working fluid flowing from the working fluid manifold to the first heat exchanger, and wherein the transfer of heat from the heated drilling fluid to the flow of the working fluid extends a time that bottom-hole assembly components are utilized and reduces a total amount of electrical power consumed by the drilling fluid chiller of the drilling rig.
8. A method for generating power at a drilling rig, the method comprising:
receiving a heated drilling fluid from a fluid channel;
diverting one or more of: (1) the heated drilling fluid to a first heat exchanger connected to a working fluid manifold, the first heat exchanger positioned to transfer heat from the heated drilling fluid to a flow of a first portion of a working fluid, thereby to generate a cooled drilling fluid and a heated first portion of working fluid positioned to cause a generator to generate electrical power, (2) exhaust produced by one or more engines to a second heat exchanger connected to the working fluid manifold, the second heat exchanger positioned to transfer heat from the exhaust to a flow of a second portion of the working fluid, thereby to generate a heated second portion of the working fluid, the heated second portion of the working fluid positioned to cause a generator to generate electrical power, or (3) heated coolant from a water jacket associated with the one or more of the engines to a third heat exchanger connected to the working fluid manifold, the third heat exchanger to transfer heat from the heated coolant to a flow of a third portion of the working fluid, thereby to generate a heated third portion of the working fluid, the heated third portion of the working fluid positioned to cause a generator to generate electrical power;
determining an exhaust thermal mass of the exhaust produced by the one or more engines;
determining electrical power utilized by a drilling fluid chiller;
in response to one or more of (1) a determination that the exhaust thermal mass of the exhaust from the one or more engines is outside of an exhaust thermal mass range, or (2) a determination that the electrical power utilization of the drilling fluid chiller exceeds an operating range, adjusting flow of the exhaust from the one or more engines to the second heat exchanger; and
returning the cooled drilling fluid to a drilling fluid container.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the drilling rig comprises one of an on-shore drilling rig or off-shore drilling rig, wherein the electrical power comprises one of direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) power, and wherein the electrical power is supplied to one or more of on-site drilling rig equipment, to the grid, or an energy storage device.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein on-site equipment at the drilling rig utilizes the electrical power, and wherein the utilization of the electrical power by the on-site equipment reduces total fuel usage of the drilling rig during the drilling operation.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the electrical power is supplied to on-site drilling rig equipment during peak drilling operation hours, and wherein the electrical power is supplied to one or more of the grids, an energy storage device, cryptocurrency miners, or drilling fluid chillers during off-peak drilling operation hours.
12. A method for generating power, the method comprising:
pumping drilling fluid from a drilling fluid container through a drill pipe to adjacent a location that generates a heated drilling fluid from flow of the drilling fluid;
determining a temperature of the heated drilling fluid;
determining one or more of: (1) a temperature of a flow of a first portion of a working fluid from a first heat exchanger connected to a working fluid manifold, the flow of the first portion of the working fluid to flow through the first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger positioned to allow the heated drilling fluid to flow therethrough, the first heat exchanger to facilitate transfer of heat from heated drilling fluid to the flow of the first portion of the working fluid, thereby to generate a cooled drilling fluid and a heated first portion of the working fluid, the heated first portion of the working fluid positioned to cause a generator to generate electrical power or, (2) a temperature of a flow of a second portion of the working fluid from a second heat exchanger connected to the working fluid manifold, the flow of the second portion of the working fluid to flow through the second heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger to facilitate transfer of heat from exhaust produced by one or more engines to the flow of the second portion of the working fluid, thereby to generate a heated second portion of the working fluid, the heated second portion of the working fluid positioned to cause a generator to generate electrical power;
determining an exhaust thermal mass of the exhaust produced by the one or more engines;
determining electrical power utilized by a drilling fluid chiller;
adjusting flow of fluid supplied to one or more of (1) a first heat exchanger to allow continuous diversion of the heated drilling fluid to the first heat exchanger, or 2) a second heat exchanger, thereby to (a) prevent or (b) allow flow of the exhaust from the one or more engines to the second heat exchanger; and
returning the cooled drilling fluid to the drilling fluid container.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein (1) the determination that the temperature of heated drilling fluid is greater than or equal to a threshold, and (2) the determination that the temperature of one or more of the flow of the first portion of the working fluid from the first heat exchanger or the flow of the second portion of the working fluid from the second heat exchanger are within an operating range, each occur at pre-selected time intervals.