Systems for generating energy from geothermal sources and methods of operating and constructing same
The present disclosure describes a system and a method for generating energy from geothermal sources. The system includes an injection well and a production well extending underground into a rock formation, a first lateral section connected to the injection well and a second lateral section connected to the production well, the first and second lateral sections connected with a multilateral connector, defining a pressure-tested downhole well loop within the rock formation and in a heat transfer arrangement therewith. The downhole well loop cased in steel and cemented in place within the rock formation. The downhole well loop to receive working fluid capable of undergoing phase change between liquid and gas within the downhole well loop as a result of heat transferred from the rock formation. The system also includes a pump to circulate working fluid, a turbine system to convert the flow of working fluid into electricity, and a cooler.
1. A method of generating energy from geothermal sources comprising:
providing a pressure-tested downhole well loop extending underground into a rock formation, the pressure-tested downhole well loop including:
an injection well, a production well in proximity to the injection well, a first lateral section connected to the injection well, a second lateral section connected to the production well, a multilateral connector connecting the first lateral section and the second lateral section;
each of the injection well, the production well, the first and second lateral sections being cased in steel and cemented in place within the rock formation;
conveying a working fluid, wherein the working fluid is propane, through the pressure-tested downhole well loop, the working fluid being received by the injection well in a liquid state;
while conveying the working fluid through the pressure-tested downhole well loop,
transferring heat from the surrounding rock formations to the liquid working fluid and exerting pressure on the liquid working fluid;
inducing a phase change in the working fluid from a liquid state to a gaseous state when the working fluid reaches a temperature of 140° C. and a pressure of 6250 kPag, the phase change occurring in one of the second lateral section and the production well, the working fluid exiting the production well in a gaseous state;
converting the mechanical energy generated from the flow of the gaseous working fluid, into electricity;
cooling the working fluid and inducing a phase change in the working fluid to a liquid state; and
returning the working fluid to the injection well.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein conveying the working fluid through the pressure-tested downhole well loop includes pumping the working fluid.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein exerting pressure on the liquid working fluid includes exerting between 7 MPa and 31 MPa on the liquid working fluid.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of converting the mechanical energy generated from the flow of the gaseous working fluid into electricity generates between 0.5 to 2 MW of output power.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of cooling the working fluid and inducing a phase change in the working fluid is cooled using a cooler.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising storing excess working fluid in a storage tank.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the propane being received by the injection well having a temperature of between 10° C. and 40° C. and a pressure of between 1000 kPag and 2000 kPag.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the propane being received by the injection well having a temperature of 20° C. and a pressure of 1300 kPag.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the propane exiting the production well in a gaseous state having a temperature of between 90° C. and 110° C. and a pressure of between 3000 kPag and 4000 kPag.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the propane exiting the production well in a gaseous state having a temperature of 106° C. and a pressure of 3500 kPag.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein while conveying the working fluid through the pressure-tested downhole well loop, the temperature of the propane increases by 76° C. and the pressure of the propane increases by 2170 kPag.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein after converting the mechanical energy generated from the flow of the gaseous working fluid into electricity, the propane having a temperature of between 16° C. and 63° C. and a pressure of between 700 kPag and 1500 kPag.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein cooling the working fluid cools the propane to a temperature of 30° C. and a pressure of 1080 kPag.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising transferring heat from the working fluid in a first region to the working fluid in a second region using a recuperator, the working fluid in the first region occurring between the steps of converting the mechanical energy generated from the flow of the gaseous working fluid and cooling the working fluid, the working fluid in the second region occurring between the steps of conveying the working fluid through the pressure-tested downhole well loop and the working fluid being received by the injection well in the liquid state.