Fluid for use in power production environments
Fluid classes for use in energy recovery in well and geothermal environments for power production are disclosed. The fluids fall into the classes of fluids being capable of increasing thermodynamic efficiency of electricity and/or heat generation from a closed-loop geothermal system. Numerous methods are disclosed which exploit the thermodynamics of the fluids for optimum energy recovery.
1. A method of generating power, comprising:
in a closed well loop circuit having an inlet and an outlet connected with a lateral conduit within a geological formation and having a power generation apparatus in operative communication with said well loop circuit,
circulating a working fluid within said lateral conduit, said working fluid comprising an aqueous electrolyte solution and configured to have a substantially nonlinear temperature enthalpy relationship at pressures greater than 10 MPa and temperatures less than 180° C. when said fluid is within said lateral conduit, transferring heat between said fluid and a surrounding downhole heat source at the lateral conduit as said fluid flows through the lateral conduit, recovering heat energy from said geological formation;
cooling said working fluid prior to recirculation in said well loop circuit at said inlet; and
converting energy from said fluid into electrical power.
2. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein cooling said working fluid comprises cooling said working fluid to a sub-zero° C. temperature.
3. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein circulating the working fluid comprises driving said working fluid by thermosiphon action.
4. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the closed well loop circuit comprises a plurality of lateral conduits in spaced relation with respect to each other, each of the plurality of lateral conduits connected to said inlet and said outlet, and circulating the working fluid comprises circulating the working fluid within said plurality of lateral conduits, transferring heat between said fluid and the surrounding downhole heat source at the plurality of lateral conduits as said fluid flows through the plurality of lateral conduits, recovering heat energy from said geological formation.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lateral conduit comprises a wellbore.
6. A method of repurposing an oilfield to capture heat energy, the oilfield having pre-existing production wells and injection wells in spaced relation in a geological heat bearing formation;
providing a first power generator in fluid communication with a first node having a first production well and a first injection well;
providing a second power generator in fluid communication with a second node having a second production well and a second injection well in spaced relation to said first node;
connecting said first node and said second node in a subterranean horizontal connection within said heat bearing formation;
circulating heated output fluid from said first power generation apparatus of said first node to an input of said second power generation apparatus of said second node with a subterranean connection, said fluid comprising an aqueous electrolyte solution and configured to have a substantially nonlinear temperature enthalpy relationship at pressures greater than 10 MPa and temperatures less than 180° C. when within said subterranean horizontal connection;
recovering heat energy from said formation as said fluid flows through the subterranean horizontal connection; and
converting energy recovered from said fluid into electrical power.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said aqueous electrolyte solution includes magnesium sulphate.
8. An energy production method, comprising:
in a suspended oilfield having injection and production well pairs, connecting a power generation apparatus between a production well of one well pair and an injection well of an adjacent well pair in a subterranean loop, said subterranean loop having at least one lateral interconnection between said production well and said injection well, said lateral interconnection being within a subterranean heat source;
circulating a fluid through said subterranean loop to recover subterranean heat energy, said fluid comprising an aqueous electrolyte solution and configured to have a nonlinear temperature enthalpy relationship at pressures greater than 10 MPa and temperatures less than 180° C. when within said lateral interconnection, transferring heat between the fluid and a surrounding downhole heat source at the lateral interconnection as said fluid flows through the lateral interconnection; and
at least one of 1) utilizing thermal energy from said fluid directly or 2) converting energy from said fluid into electrical power.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said aqueous electrolyte solution includes magnesium sulphate.
10. A geothermal method comprising:
drilling a first generally U shaped bore hole formed into an earth formation and a second generally U shaped bore hole formed in spaced relation therefrom, said earth formation having a downhole heat source;
obtaining a power generation apparatus;
connecting, in a subterranean position, said apparatus to an output of said first U shaped bore hole and to an inlet of said second U shaped bore hole with a lateral interconnection;
circulating a fluid through each said bore hole, said fluid comprising an aqueous electrolyte solution and configured to have a nonlinear temperature enthalpy relationship at pressures greater than 10 MPa and temperatures less than 180° C. when within said lateral interconnection of said U shaped bore hole, transferring heat between the fluid and a surrounding down hole heat source at the lateral interconnection of said U shaped bore hole as said fluid flows through the lateral interconnection of said U shaped bore hole; and
converting energy recovered from said fluid into electrical power.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said aqueous electrolyte solution includes magnesium sulphate.
12. A method of forming a geothermal heat exchanger, the method comprising:
drilling a second well in spaced relation to a first well;
connecting said first well and said second well within a geothermal zone and a second zone spaced therefrom in a continuous loop having at least one lateral interconnection;
circulating a working liquid through said loop within said continuous loop, said fluid comprising an aqueous electrolyte solution and configured to have a nonlinear temperature enthalpy relationship at pressures greater than 10 MPa and temperatures less than 180° C. when within said lateral interconnection, transferring heat between the fluid and the surrounding geothermal zone as said fluid flows through the lateral interconnection.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein said aqueous electrolyte solution includes magnesium sulphate.
14. A method for recycling unused drilled wells, the method comprising:
designating a first well as a receiving hub;
drilling a second well adjacent said hub;
drilling at least a third well spaced from said hub and said second well;
fluidly connecting each of said second well and said third well with said hub in individual closed loops each having at least one lateral interconnection, a first section of each loop being within a geothermal zone and a second section being above said geothermal zone;
circulating a working fluid within said loops, said fluid comprising an aqueous electrolyte solution and configured to have a nonlinear temperature enthalpy relationship at pressures greater than 10 MPa and temperatures less than 180° C. when within said lateral interconnection, transferring heat between the fluid and a surrounding down hole heat source as said fluid flows through the lateral interconnection; and
capturing heat energy transferred from said geothermal zone.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein said aqueous electrolyte solution includes magnesium sulphate.